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feat(migrate): pace API calls, keep every import as a run, and create users - #518

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@royanger royanger commented Oct 6, 2026 •

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PR 1b of 4 (base migrate/slice-1a). Slice 1 of clerk migrate, ported from #479 at 7a820406 and split into 4 stacked PRs. #514 has the same code as a single PR; we'll keep one of the two shapes.

Adds the write path: pacing Backend API calls to the instance's rate limit, backing off on 429, resolving the target instance, keeping every import as a run under .clerk/migrate/, and the importer that calls POST /v1/users.

Nothing calls these modules outside their tests yet. Their caller is commands/migrate/run.ts, which lands in 1d (#520).

Stack

  1. feat(migrate): add the hidden migrate gate and map Clerk and Supabase files #517 gate, schema, sources, transform
  2. feat(migrate): pace API calls, keep every import as a run, and create users #518 throughput, target, run store, importer 👈 this PR
  3. feat(migrate): check every user against the instance before writing #519 instance reads, readiness, checks
  4. feat(migrate): add experimental clerk migrate import for Clerk and Supabase files #520 clerk migrate import, README, E2E, changeset

Reviewing

The port … from #479 commit copies #479's files unchanged. The trim … to slice 1 commit after it shows exactly what slice 1 leaves out. Review the PR diff for the result.

  1. The run store: the location order (--runs-dir, CLERK_MIGRATE_DIR, project root), .clerk/ added to .gitignore once and only on write, the lock refusing a second live writer, synchronous appends, and a truncated last line being ignored.
  2. The creating line is written before each POST /v1/users, and created before any attachments. A create that Ctrl-C stopped before it went out is neither failed nor recorded.
  3. A 429 retries up to 5 times and honours Retry-After. When retries run out, the user is recorded as failed with code 429.
  4. The target: an exported CLERK_SECRET_KEY outranks the linked profile, and sk_live_ means production.

Changeset

Empty: migrate stays hidden and refuses every call, so users see no change.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 27762df

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

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📝 Walkthrough

The changes add migration target and limit resolution, persistent run records, API scheduling and 429 retry utilities, progress reporting, and a BAPI-based user import flow. The import flow maps user fields, handles identifiers, records outcomes, and reports import counts. Tests cover these modules and import scenarios. The changeset file contains two YAML frontmatter delimiters with no metadata between them.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~60 minutes

Suggested reviewers: wyattjoh

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to 878e0

When migration imports become available, a rate-limited request may retry too early if the server supplies an HTTP-date. This is a bounded issue to fix before activating the import command.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 5
Passed Passed checks: 5 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title clearly summarizes the main changes: API pacing, run tracking for imports, and user creation.
Description check Passed The description directly explains the write path, retry behavior, target resolution, run store, importer, review scope, and changeset impact.
Docstring Coverage Passed Docstring coverage is 83.02% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 53 functions across 17 files.
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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@royanger
royanger added this pull request to stack #521 October 6, 2026 17:03
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Actionable comments posted: 3


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/import-users.ts:
- Line 324: Update createUser so a successful response without a user ID throws
an error instead of returning an empty clerkUserId. Preserve the returned ID and
notes when the response includes an ID, allowing processUser to record the
missing-ID outcome as unknown.

Review comments at @packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/retry.ts:
- Around line 13-21: Update readRetryAfter to handle both numeric seconds and
HTTP-date Retry-After headers. When numeric parsing fails, parse the header as a
date and return the positive time remaining in seconds, rounded up; preserve the
existing metadata fallback for invalid or non-future values.

Review comments at @packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/target.ts:
- Around line 83-89: Update assertInstanceFlagMatches to detect when a literal
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instanceId, and report that the instance could not be verified rather than
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  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/instance.test.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/instance.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/progress.test.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/progress.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/retry.test.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/retry.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/run-store.test.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/run-store.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/scheduler.test.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/scheduler.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/target.test.ts
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- Around line 182-190: Update the “run files are owner-only” test so POSIX
permission assertions run only when process.platform is not win32. On Windows,
verify each run file exists instead; keep the checks scoped to the files in the
existing loop.

Review comments at @packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/scheduler.ts:
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  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/instance.ts
  • packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/run-store.test.ts
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- Line 97: Tighten the pacing assertion in the scheduler test so it detects
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  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Review comments at @packages/cli-core/src/commands/migrate/lib/retry.ts:
- Around line 71-73: In retryOn429, an interrupted delay currently falls through
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Update attachIdentifier to pass the interrupt signal to attachment scheduling
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@royanger
royanger requested a review from manovotny October 9, 2026 23:06
royanger and others added 27 commits October 14, 2026 18:08
…orter from #479 at 7a82040

Copies these files from #479 (ra/integrate-migration-tool-into-cli) at
7a82040 unchanged, so the next commit shows exactly what slice 1 cuts.
This commit does not build on its own.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…orter to slice 1

Cuts the files ported from #479 down to slice 1's scope, as slice-prs.md
sets it, and adds the files slice 1 needs that #479 does not have.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A queued create aborted before its POST /v1/users counted as a failure
whose outcome was unknown, inflating the failed count and the error
summary. It is now left unrecorded, so a re-run imports it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…uses every call

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A 2xx from POST /v1/users with no `id` was recorded as created with an
empty clerkId, so `undo` could never find that user. It now throws, so
the outcome is unknown: `creating` stays the latest line and a re-run
looks the user up.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… lookup fails

When GET /v1/instance fails, the instance ID falls back to a `key_` hash
that a literal `--instance ins_…` can never match, so the error blamed the
flag. It now says the instance could not be verified. The run still refuses.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A `403 user_quota_exceeded` was recorded for that user, but every queued
user still went out, each refused the same way. The first one now stops
the run: later creates are not sent and stay unrecorded, so a re-run
picks them up once the limit is raised. A warning says so.

The instance.ts comment said production has no user limit; a plan sets
one.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A 429's backoff held back only the user that hit it; every other user
kept going through the scheduler and hit the limit in turn. The
scheduler can now be paused, and each backoff in the import (creates
and attaches) pauses it for the Retry-After wait, so the run waits
together. A call already waiting on the pacing interval is held too.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… file

A secret key found in `.env` or `.env.local` was labelled an
"accountless app", including an account-owned production app's key.
Only `.clerk/.tmp/keyless.json` says the app is accountless; any other
file is named as the key's source and nothing more.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
`printTarget` dimmed its "Key from" line in every mode, so an agent
running without `--json` got ANSI codes in its output. The line is
plain text outside human mode.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The run folders were 0700 but `users.ndjson` (emails and phones),
`run.json` and the lock got the default file mode. They are created
0600 now, in case a folder's mode is ever looser than expected.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every call held through a pause resumed at the same moment, so after a
429 up to the concurrency limit went out together. A call a pause held
now takes a fresh paced slot after it, so they resume an interval
apart.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Windows ignores POSIX file modes, so the owner-only checks would fail
there.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A Ctrl-C or the user quota stops the run before every user is sent. The
unsent users have no line in the run, so nothing counted them, and the
run could read as complete. The summary now carries `notSent`.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
When Clerk refused a user's phone and the create was retried without
it, the user counted as imported and the refusal went only into that
user's line. The summary now carries `droppedPhones`, by Clerk's
reason, so the import can report them.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The check that calls held through a pause resume an interval apart
required 90 of the 100ms, and a loaded CI runner measured 89.97. Half
the interval still fails if they resume together, about 0ms apart.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Half the interval would let a doubled request rate through. 80ms of the
100ms interval still allows the drift a loaded CI runner shows (89.97ms)
and fails on a doubled rate (50ms) or a burst.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
After the quota stop or a Ctrl-C, each queued create still waited for
its paced turn before finding the run stopped. On a development
instance at 10 requests a second, a 5,500-user file spent about nine
minutes sending nothing. The scheduler now lets a call that will only
find the run stopped skip its wait and take no paced turn.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… progress bar

The quota stop was logged mid-import, where a terminal's progress bar
redrew over it. `importUsers` now returns Clerk's message as the
summary's `stopReason`, for the caller to print once the bar is done.
`notSent` also now says it includes a user whose first create got a
429 and so has a `creating` line: none of them is lost, as a re-run
picks them all up.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…rget

target.ts restated `.clerk/.tmp/keyless.json` to tell an SDK keyless
key apart, so a change to that path would quietly drop the accountless
label. keyless-target.ts now exports the source string it gives such a
key, and target.ts compares against that.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…only unsent users as not sent

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…rs pending

A complete run is never continued, so its pending emails and phones would
never attach.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…ne itself

A phone another user holds also names `phone_number`, as
`form_identifier_exists`. That is an identifier conflict and fails the user,
rather than importing them without it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A failed write was taken as a create with an unknown outcome, though the
request never went out, and a throw after a create rejected the import while
the other users kept sending. Now the first failed write stops every create
and attach still to go out, and the import rejects with it once every user
has settled.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Only a 429 or a refused phone is retried, so a stop between attempts leaves a
user Clerk does not hold. Recorded as failed, a re-run creates it without
looking it up first.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@royanger
royanger merged commit 17a7084 into main Oct 14, 2026
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@royanger
royanger deleted the migrate/slice-1b branch October 14, 2026 22:11
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