feat: add C implementation for `stats/base/ndarray/sstdevch` by aryan7071 · Pull Request #14815 · stdlib-js/stdlib

aryan7071 · 2026-08-30T14:11:43Z

Resolves a part of #14034

Description

What is the purpose of this pull request?

This pull request:

adds a C ndarray implementation for stats/base/ndarray/sstdevch
adds lib/native.js and updates lib/index.js to prefer the native add-on with a fallback to the existing JavaScript implementation
adds test/test.main.js and test/test.native.js to separately exercise the JavaScript and native code paths
adds C examples and benchmarks (examples/c/example.c, benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c) alongside a benchmark/benchmark.native.js
adds a "C APIs" section to README.md documenting stdlib_stats_sstdevch
updates package.json (gypfile, browser, include/src directories) to support building the add-on

Related Issues

Does this pull request have any related issues?

This pull request has the following related issues:

[RFC] : add C implementations for @stdlib/stats/base/ndarray packages (tracking issue) #14034

Questions

Any questions for reviewers of this pull request?

No.

Other

Any other information relevant to this pull request? This may include screenshots, references, and/or implementation notes.

No.

Checklist

Please ensure the following tasks are completed before submitting this pull request.

Read, understood, and followed the contributing guidelines.

AI Assistance

When authoring the changes proposed in this PR, did you use any kind of AI assistance?

Yes
No

If you answered "yes" above, how did you use AI assistance?

Code generation (e.g., when writing an implementation or fixing a bug)
Test/benchmark generation
Documentation (including examples)
Research and understanding

Disclosure

If you answered "yes" to using AI assistance, please provide a short disclosure indicating how you used AI assistance. This helps reviewers determine how much scrutiny to apply when reviewing your contribution. Example disclosures: "This PR was written primarily by Claude Code." or "I consulted ChatGPT to understand the codebase, but the proposed changes were fully authored manually by myself.".

@stdlib-js/reviewers

…stdevch

stdlib-bot · 2026-08-30T14:14:24Z

Coverage Report

Package	Statements	Branches	Functions	Lines
stats/base/ndarray/sstdevch	$\\color{red}202/203$ $\\color{green}+0.00\\%$	$\\color{red}5/6$ $\\color{green}+0.00\\%$	$\\color{green}2/2$ $\\color{green}+0.00\\%$	$\\color{red}202/203$ $\\color{green}+0.00\\%$

The above coverage report was generated for the changes in this PR.

ujjwalv01 · 2026-09-07T10:25:41Z

Could you please apply the same changes discussed in #14718 to this PR as well?

0PrashantYadav0

Several fixes made in #14718 after review apply here too (src/main.c, test/test.js, test/test.native.js).

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+*/
+#include "stdlib/stats/base/ndarray/sstdevch.h"
+#include "stdlib/stats/strided/sstdevch.h"
+#include "stdlib/ndarray/ctor.h"
+#include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"
+
+/**
+* Computes the standard deviation of a one-dimensional single-precision floating-point ndarray using a one-pass trial mean algorithm.
+*
+* @param arrays    list containing an input ndarray and a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment
+* @return          standard deviation
+*/
+float stdlib_stats_sstdevch( const struct ndarray *arrays[] ) {
+	const struct ndarray *x = arrays[ 0 ];
+	const struct ndarray *correction = arrays[ 1 ];
+	float c;
+
+	// For zero-dimensional arrays, `stdlib_ndarray_iget_float32` returns the first (and only) indexed element, regardless of the supplied index:
+	stdlib_ndarray_iget_float32( correction, 0, &c );
+
+	return API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_sstdevch_ndarray)( stdlib_ndarray_dimension( x, 0 ), c, (const float *)stdlib_ndarray_data( x ), stdlib_ndarray_stride_elements( x, 0 ), stdlib_ndarray_offset_elements( x ) );
+}


Suggested change

*/

#include "stdlib/stats/base/ndarray/sstdevch.h"

#include "stdlib/stats/strided/sstdevch.h"

#include "stdlib/ndarray/ctor.h"

#include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"

/**

* Computes the standard deviation of a one-dimensional single-precision floating-point ndarray using a one-pass trial mean algorithm.

*

* @param arrays list containing an input ndarray and a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment

* @return standard deviation

*/

float stdlib_stats_sstdevch( const struct ndarray *arrays[] ) {

const struct ndarray *x = arrays[ 0 ];

const struct ndarray *correction = arrays[ 1 ];

float c;

// For zero-dimensional arrays, `stdlib_ndarray_iget_float32` returns the first (and only) indexed element, regardless of the supplied index:

stdlib_ndarray_iget_float32( correction, 0, &c );

return API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_sstdevch_ndarray)( stdlib_ndarray_dimension( x, 0 ), c, (const float *)stdlib_ndarray_data( x ), stdlib_ndarray_stride_elements( x, 0 ), stdlib_ndarray_offset_elements( x ) );

}

*/

#include "stdlib/stats/base/ndarray/sstdevch.h"

#include "stdlib/stats/strided/sstdevch.h"

#include "stdlib/ndarray/ctor.h"

#include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"

/**

* Computes the standard deviation of a one-dimensional single-precision floating-point ndarray using a one-pass trial mean algorithm.

*

* ## Notes

*

* - The function expects the following ndarrays:

*

* - a one-dimensional input ndarray.

* - a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment.

*

* @param arrays list containing ndarrays

* @return standard deviation

*/

float stdlib_stats_sstdevch( const struct ndarray *arrays[] ) {

const struct ndarray *x = arrays[ 0 ];

float correction;

stdlib_ndarray_get_float32( arrays[ 1 ], NULL, &correction );

return API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_sstdevch_ndarray)( stdlib_ndarray_dimension( x, 0 ), correction, (const float *)stdlib_ndarray_data( x ), stdlib_ndarray_stride_elements( x, 0 ), stdlib_ndarray_offset_elements( x ) );

}

Match svariancech/src/main.c (#15008) and sstdevyc (#15003) for the correction argument. Same missing blank line after the license header in src/addon.c:17, examples/c/example.c:17, benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c:17.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+# Define the program used for compiling C source files:
+ifdef C_COMPILER
+	CC := $(C_COMPILER)
+else
+	CC := gcc
+endif
+
+# Define the command-line options when compiling C files:
+CFLAGS ?= \
+	-std=c99 \
+	-O3 \
+	-Wall \
+	-pedantic
+
+# Determine whether to generate position independent code ([1][1], [2][2]).
+#
+# [1]: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options
+# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5311515/gcc-fpic-option
+ifeq ($(OS), WINNT)
+	fPIC ?=
+else
+	fPIC ?= -fPIC
+endif
+
+# List of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`):
+INCLUDE ?=
+
+# List of source files:
+SOURCE_FILES ?=
+
+# List of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`):
+LIBRARIES ?=
+
+# List of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`):
+LIBPATH ?=
+
+# List of C targets:
+c_targets := example.out
+
+
+# RULES #
+
+#/
+# Compiles source files.
+#
+# @param {string} [C_COMPILER] - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)
+# @param {string} [CFLAGS] - C compiler options
+# @param {(string|void)} [fPIC] - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)
+# @param {string} [INCLUDE] - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`)
+# @param {string} [SOURCE_FILES] - list of source files
+# @param {string} [LIBPATH] - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`)
+# @param {string} [LIBRARIES] - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`)
+#
+# @example
+# make
+#
+# @example
+# make all
+#/
+all: $(c_targets)
+
+.PHONY: all
+
+#/
+# Compiles C source files.
+#
+# @private
+# @param {string} CC - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)
+# @param {string} CFLAGS - C compiler options
+# @param {(string|void)} fPIC - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)
+# @param {string} INCLUDE - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar`)
+# @param {string} SOURCE_FILES - list of source files
+# @param {string} LIBPATH - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar`)
+# @param {string} LIBRARIES - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas`)
+#/
+$(c_targets): %.out: %.c
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(fPIC) $(INCLUDE) -o $@ $(SOURCE_FILES) $< $(LIBPATH) -lm $(LIBRARIES)
+
+#/
+# Runs compiled examples.
+#
+# @example
+# make run
+#/
+run: $(c_targets)
+	$(QUIET) ./$<
+
+.PHONY: run
+
+#/
+# Removes generated files.
+#
+# @example
+# make clean
+#/
+clean:
+	$(QUIET) -rm -f *.o *.out
+
+.PHONY: clean


Suggested change

# Define the program used for compiling C source files:

ifdef C_COMPILER

CC := $(C_COMPILER)

else

CC := gcc

endif

# Define the command-line options when compiling C files:

CFLAGS ?= \

-std=c99 \

-O3 \

-Wall \

-pedantic

# Determine whether to generate position independent code ([1][1], [2][2]).

#

# [1]: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options

# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5311515/gcc-fpic-option

ifeq ($(OS), WINNT)

fPIC ?=

else

fPIC ?= -fPIC

endif

# List of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`):

INCLUDE ?=

# List of source files:

SOURCE_FILES ?=

# List of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`):

LIBRARIES ?=

# List of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`):

LIBPATH ?=

# List of C targets:

c_targets := example.out

# RULES #

#/

# Compiles source files.

#

# @param {string} [C_COMPILER] - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)

# @param {string} [CFLAGS] - C compiler options

# @param {(string|void)} [fPIC] - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)

# @param {string} [INCLUDE] - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`)

# @param {string} [SOURCE_FILES] - list of source files

# @param {string} [LIBPATH] - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`)

# @param {string} [LIBRARIES] - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`)

#

# @example

# make

#

# @example

# make all

#/

all: $(c_targets)

.PHONY: all

#/

# Compiles C source files.

#

# @private

# @param {string} CC - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)

# @param {string} CFLAGS - C compiler options

# @param {(string|void)} fPIC - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)

# @param {string} INCLUDE - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar`)

# @param {string} SOURCE_FILES - list of source files

# @param {string} LIBPATH - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar`)

# @param {string} LIBRARIES - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas`)

#/

$(c_targets): %.out: %.c

$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(fPIC) $(INCLUDE) -o $@ $(SOURCE_FILES) $< $(LIBPATH) -lm $(LIBRARIES)

#/

# Runs compiled examples.

#

# @example

# make run

#/

run: $(c_targets)

$(QUIET) ./$<

.PHONY: run

#/

# Removes generated files.

#

# @example

# make clean

#/

clean:

$(QUIET) -rm -f *.o *.out

.PHONY: clean

# RULES #

#/

# Removes generated files for building an add-on.

#

# @example

# make clean-addon

#/

clean-addon:

$(QUIET) -rm -f *.o *.node

.PHONY: clean-addon

#/

# Removes generated files.

#

# @example

# make clean

#/

clean: clean-addon

.PHONY: clean

This is a copy of examples/c/Makefile; match svariancech/src/Makefile.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(fPIC) $(INCLUDE) -o $@ $(SOURCE_FILES) $< $(LIBPATH) -lm $(LIBRARIES)
+
+#/
+# Runs compiled examples.


Suggested change

# Runs compiled examples.

# Runs compiled benchmarks.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+* Generates a random number on the interval [0, 1).
+*
+* @return random number
+*/
+static double rand_double( void ) {
+	return (double)rand() / ( (double)RAND_MAX + 1.0 );
+}


Suggested change

* Generates a random number on the interval [0, 1).

*

* @return random number

*/

static double rand_double( void ) {

return (double)rand() / ( (double)RAND_MAX + 1.0 );

}

* Generates a random number on the interval [0,1).

*

* @return random number

*/

static float rand_float( void ) {

int r = rand();

return (float)r / ( (float)RAND_MAX + 1.0f );

}

And data[ i ] = ( rand_float() * 20000.0f ) - 10000.0f; at L134, as in svariancech/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c. Same as #15170 (comment).

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+// Create an input ndarray:
+const float xbuf[] = { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f };
+int64_t xshape[] = { 4 };
+int64_t xstrides[] = { STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT };
+int8_t submodes[] = { STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR };
+struct ndarray *x = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)xbuf, 1, xshape, xstrides, 0, STDLIB_NDARRAY_ROW_MAJOR, STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR, 1, submodes );
+
+// Create a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment:
+const float cbuf[] = { 1.0f };
+int64_t *cshape = NULL;
+int64_t cstrides[] = { 0 };
+struct ndarray *correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, 0, STDLIB_NDARRAY_ROW_MAJOR, STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR, 0, submodes );
+
+// Compute the standard deviation:
+const struct ndarray *arrays[] = { x, correction };
+float v = stdlib_stats_sstdevch( arrays );
+// returns ~2.0817
+
+// Free allocated memory:
+stdlib_ndarray_free( x );
+stdlib_ndarray_free( correction );


Suggested change

// Create an input ndarray:

const float xbuf[] = { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f };

int64_t xshape[] = { 4 };

int64_t xstrides[] = { STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT };

int8_t submodes[] = { STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR };

struct ndarray *x = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)xbuf, 1, xshape, xstrides, 0, STDLIB_NDARRAY_ROW_MAJOR, STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR, 1, submodes );

// Create a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment:

const float cbuf[] = { 1.0f };

int64_t *cshape = NULL;

int64_t cstrides[] = { 0 };

struct ndarray *correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, 0, STDLIB_NDARRAY_ROW_MAJOR, STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR, 0, submodes );

// Compute the standard deviation:

const struct ndarray *arrays[] = { x, correction };

float v = stdlib_stats_sstdevch( arrays );

// returns ~2.0817

// Free allocated memory:

stdlib_ndarray_free( x );

stdlib_ndarray_free( correction );

// Create an ndarray:

const float data[] = { 1.0f, -2.0f, 2.0f };

int64_t shape[] = { 3 };

int64_t strides[] = { STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT };

int8_t submodes[] = { STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR };

struct ndarray *x = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)data, 1, shape, strides, 0, STDLIB_NDARRAY_ROW_MAJOR, STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR, 1, submodes );

// Create an ndarray for specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment:

const float cdata[] = { 1.0f };

int64_t cstrides[] = { 0 };

struct ndarray *corr = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)cdata, 0, NULL, cstrides, 0, STDLIB_NDARRAY_ROW_MAJOR, STDLIB_NDARRAY_INDEX_ERROR, 1, submodes );

// Compute the result:

const struct ndarray *arrays[] = { x, corr };

float v = stdlib_stats_sstdevch( arrays );

// returns ~2.0817f

// Free allocated memory:

stdlib_ndarray_free( x );

stdlib_ndarray_free( corr );

~2.0817 is wrong for { 1, 2, 3, 4 } (that gives ~1.2910); this matches the JS example and svariancech's README.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+
+The function accepts the following arguments:
+
+-   **arrays**: `[in] struct ndarray**` list containing the following ndarrays: a one-dimensional input ndarray and a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment.


Suggested change

- **arrays**: `[in] struct ndarray**` list containing the following ndarrays: a one-dimensional input ndarray and a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment.

- **arrays**: `[in] struct ndarray**` list containing the following ndarrays:

- `[in] struct ndarray*` a one-dimensional input ndarray.

- `[in] struct ndarray*` a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment. Providing a non-zero degrees of freedom adjustment has the effect of adjusting the divisor during the calculation of the [standard deviation][standard-deviation] according to `N-c` where `N` is the number of elements in the input ndarray and `c` corresponds to the provided degrees of freedom adjustment. When computing the [standard deviation][standard-deviation] of a population, setting this parameter to `0` is the standard choice (i.e., the provided array contains data constituting an entire population). When computing the corrected sample [standard deviation][standard-deviation], setting this parameter to `1` is the standard choice (i.e., the provided array contains data sampled from a larger population; this is commonly referred to as Bessel's correction).

Match svariancech's README.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+	int64_t cstrides[] = { 0 };
+
+	// cppcheck-suppress invalidPointerCast
+	struct ndarray *correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, offset, order, imode, 0, submodes );


Suggested change

struct ndarray *correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, offset, order, imode, 0, submodes );

struct ndarray *correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t *)cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, offset, order, imode, nsubmodes, submodes );

Same in README.md:318.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

+* var opts = {
 *     'dtype': 'float32'
-* });
+* };
+*
+* var x = new Float32Vector( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
+*
+* var correction = scalar2ndarray( 1.0, opts );


Suggested change

* var opts = {

* 'dtype': 'float32'

* });

* };

*

* var x = new Float32Vector( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );

*

* var correction = scalar2ndarray( 1.0, opts );

* var x = new Float32Vector( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );

* var correction = scalar2ndarray( 1.0, {

* 'dtype': 'float32'

* });

Unrelated to the C implementation; please revert.

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:02Z

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/**


test/test.js still duplicates these tests; replace it with the proxyquire dispatcher test from svariancech/test/test.js, as requested in #14718 (comment).

0PrashantYadav0 · 2026-10-10T05:05:03Z

+tape( 'the function calculates the standard deviation of a one-dimensional ndarray using a one-pass trial mean algorithm', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var correction;
+	var expected;
+	var optsD;


Suggested change

var optsD;

var opts;

Rename optsD to opts throughout, as in svariancech/test/test.native.js and #14718 (comment).

feat: add C implementation for sstdevch

14baa64

aryan7071 requested a review from a team August 30, 2026 14:11

stdlib-bot added Statistics Issue or pull request related to statistical functionality. Needs Review A pull request which needs code review. and removed Needs Review A pull request which needs code review. labels Aug 30, 2026

Merge branch 'develop' into add-c-implementation-stats-base-ndarray-s…

efe2444

…stdevch

aryan7071 marked this pull request as draft August 30, 2026 14:14

stdlib-bot removed the Needs Review A pull request which needs code review. label Aug 30, 2026

ujjwalv01 mentioned this pull request Aug 30, 2026

[RFC] : add C implementations for @stdlib/stats/base/ndarray packages (tracking issue) #14034

Open

fix: restore original README content and correctly place C API section

eb3f4a0

aryan7071 marked this pull request as ready for review August 30, 2026 19:13

stdlib-bot added the Needs Review A pull request which needs code review. label Aug 30, 2026

ujjwalv01 added Needs Changes Pull request which needs changes before being merged. and removed Needs Review A pull request which needs code review. labels Sep 7, 2026

0PrashantYadav0 suggested changes Oct 10, 2026

View reviewed changes


		The function accepts the following arguments:

		- arrays: `[in] struct ndarray**` list containing the following ndarrays: a one-dimensional input ndarray and a zero-dimensional ndarray specifying the degrees of freedom adjustment.

	struct ndarray correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t )cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, offset, order, imode, 0, submodes );
	struct ndarray correction = stdlib_ndarray_allocate( STDLIB_NDARRAY_FLOAT32, (uint8_t )cbuf, 0, cshape, cstrides, offset, order, imode, nsubmodes, submodes );

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