CBMC: Use instrumented malloc/free for MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE by hanno-becker · Pull Request #814 · pq-code-package/mldsa-native

hanno-becker · 2025-12-24T04:40:43Z

Port of: CBMC: Use instrumented malloc/free for MLK_ALLOC/MLK_FREE mlkem-native#1405

The default implementation of MLD_ALLOC and MLD_FREE uses stack
allocation, which the compiler can assume not to fail. This means
that CBMC does not exercise the cleanup paths which handle fallible
dynamic allocation -- a significant proof gap.

This commit changes the configuration uses for the CBMC proofs
to use the (instrumented) calls to malloc/free for MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE.

Importantly, we set --malloc-may-fail to model allocation as fallible,
and --malloc-fail-null to return NULL in case of allocation failure.

mkannwischer

Thanks @hanno-becker. The changes itself look good to me, but CBMC fails due to timeouts. Marking as draft until we can resolve that.

oqs-bot · 2026-05-06T14:21:08Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2971s	2151s	+38.1%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	82s	19s	+332%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	352s	55s	+540%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	59s	6s	+883%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	150s	42s	+257%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	443s	97s	+357%

Full Results (209 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2971s	2151s	+38.1%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	443s	97s	+357%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	352s	55s	+540%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	344s	353s	-3%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	310s	324s	-4%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	150s	42s	+257%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	122s	144s	-15%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	113s	115s	-2%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	82s	19s	+332%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	59s	6s	+883%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	45s	-7%
`fqmul`	✅	41s	43s	-5%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	37s	38s	-3%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	23s	-4%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	21s	24s	-12%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	20s	18s	+11%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	18s	15s	+20%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	18s	21s	-14%
`rej_uniform_native_x86_64`	✅	17s	-	new
`rej_uniform`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	15s	6s	+150%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	14s	11s	+27%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	14s	17s	-18%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	14s	+0%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	14s	19s	-26%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	11s	13s	-15%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	10s	7s	+43%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	10s	6s	+67%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	10s	13s	-23%
`sign_keypair`	✅	9s	4s	+125%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	8s	11s	-27%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	7s	16s	-56%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_decompose_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	-	new
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`fqscale`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`mld_sign_finish`	✅	5s	-	new
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`poly_add`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_uniform`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`caddq`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`poly_ntt`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	4s	8s	-50%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_sk`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`use_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_sign_resume`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`rej_uniform_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`decompose`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_sign_attempt`	✅	2s	-	new
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_reduce`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyw1_pack_32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyw1_pack_88`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`power2round`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_power2round`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`shake256_init`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-06T14:21:18Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	3010s	1784s	+68.7%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	84s	13s	+546%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	471s	63s	+648%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	⚠️	327s	210s	+56%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	41s	6s	+583%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	119s	55s	+116%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	443s	177s	+150%

Full Results (209 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	3010s	1784s	+68.7%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	471s	63s	+648%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	443s	177s	+150%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	⚠️	327s	210s	+56%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	175s	125s	+40%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	132s	109s	+21%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	129s	110s	+17%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	119s	55s	+116%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	84s	13s	+546%
`fqmul`	✅	49s	40s	+23%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	48s	41s	+17%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	41s	6s	+583%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	32s	27s	+19%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	26s	24s	+8%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	26s	19s	+37%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	21s	23s	-9%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	21s	18s	+17%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	19s	16s	+19%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	19s	14s	+36%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	18s	15s	+20%
`rej_uniform`	✅	17s	18s	-6%
`rej_uniform_native_x86_64`	✅	16s	-	new
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	16s	5s	+220%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	14s	13s	+8%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	14s	13s	+8%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	13s	11s	+18%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	11s	8s	+38%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	10s	7s	+43%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	10s	7s	+43%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`sign_keypair`	✅	8s	3s	+167%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_add`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`sign_verify`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	6s	14s	-57%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_chknorm_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_sign_finish`	✅	5s	-	new
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_challenge`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`shake256_init`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`make_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_sign_attempt`	✅	4s	-	new
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_sub`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_uniform_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`decompose`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_sign_resume`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_decompose_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	-	new
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyw1_pack_32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyw1_pack_88`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`yvec_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`fqscale`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_h`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_ntt`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_power2round`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`reduce32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`caddq`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-06T14:21:20Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2303s	1436s	+60.4%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	50s	12s	+317%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	244s	34s	+618%
`rej_uniform`	⚠️	22s	7s	+214%
`sign_keypair_internal`	⚠️	24s	6s	+300%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	55s	6s	+817%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	24s	3s	+700%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	334s	47s	+611%

Full Results (209 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2303s	1436s	+60.4%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	334s	47s	+611%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	244s	34s	+618%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	219s	196s	+12%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	171s	125s	+37%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	130s	111s	+17%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	55s	6s	+817%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	50s	12s	+317%
`fqmul`	✅	49s	39s	+26%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	48s	44s	+9%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	42s	38s	+11%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	27s	19s	+42%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	25s	25s	+0%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	24s	23s	+4%
`sign_keypair_internal`	⚠️	24s	6s	+300%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	24s	3s	+700%
`rej_uniform`	⚠️	22s	7s	+214%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	18s	18s	+0%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	17s	13s	+31%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	15s	13s	+15%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	15s	13s	+15%
`rej_uniform_native_x86_64`	✅	15s	-	new
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	14s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	13s	9s	+44%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	12s	12s	+0%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	11s	7s	+57%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	10s	6s	+67%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	9s	15s	-40%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`sign_keypair`	✅	9s	4s	+125%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`poly_add`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_power2round`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`poly_challenge`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	8s	-38%
`mld_sign_finish`	✅	5s	-	new
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_sign_attempt`	✅	4s	-	new
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyw1_pack_32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`rej_uniform_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake128_init`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_init`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_sign_resume`	✅	3s	-	new
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	-	new
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_verify`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_chknorm_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_sub`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyw1_pack_88`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`power2round`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`rej_eta`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-06T14:21:21Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2219s	1482s	+49.7%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	46s	7s	+557%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	453s	31s	+1361%
`rej_uniform`	⚠️	23s	7s	+229%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	52s	5s	+940%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	268s	71s	+277%

Full Results (209 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2219s	1482s	+49.7%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	453s	31s	+1361%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	268s	71s	+277%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	198s	201s	-1%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	115s	116s	-1%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	109s	108s	+1%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	52s	5s	+940%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	46s	7s	+557%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	43s	43s	+0%
`fqmul`	✅	41s	40s	+2%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	40s	43s	-7%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	32s	36s	-11%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	24s	25s	-4%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	23s	22s	+5%
`rej_uniform`	⚠️	23s	7s	+229%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	18s	6s	+200%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	17s	22s	-23%
`rej_uniform_native_x86_64`	✅	14s	-	new
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	12s	13s	-8%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	12s	16s	-25%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	12s	3s	+300%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	11s	13s	-15%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	11s	14s	-21%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	3s	+167%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	7s	12s	-42%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_reduce`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`sign_keypair`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`sign_signature`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`poly_add`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`mld_sign_attempt`	✅	5s	-	new
`pack_sig_h`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_chknorm_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`fqscale`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`decompose`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`make_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_sign_finish`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_sign_resume`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_caddq_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	7s	-57%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyw1_pack_32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyw1_pack_88`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`rej_uniform_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_verify`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_challenge`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_decompose_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_power2round`	✅	2s	7s	-71%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_use_hint_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	-	new
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_init`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	1s	1s	+0%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-06T14:21:55Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2513s	1514s	+66.0%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	105s	50s	+110%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	411s	58s	+609%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	38s	5s	+660%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	72s	26s	+177%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	424s	114s	+272%

Full Results (209 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	2513s	1514s	+66.0%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	424s	114s	+272%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	411s	58s	+609%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	195s	131s	+49%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	150s	114s	+32%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	126s	107s	+18%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	105s	50s	+110%
`sign_signature_internal`	⚠️	72s	26s	+177%
`fqmul`	✅	45s	39s	+15%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	41s	42s	-2%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	38s	5s	+660%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	28s	28s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	23s	22s	+5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	21s	23s	-9%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	18s	19s	-5%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	17s	4s	+325%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	16s	15s	+7%
`rej_uniform`	✅	16s	18s	-11%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`rej_uniform_native_x86_64`	✅	15s	-	new
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	13s	15s	-13%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	11s	11s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	9s	10s	-10%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	8s	4s	+100%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	7s	14s	-50%
`poly_add`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign_verify`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`poly_challenge`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`sign_signature`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	9s	-44%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_sign_attempt`	✅	5s	-	new
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_caddq_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyw1_pack_88`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`polyz_unpack_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_sign_resume`	✅	4s	-	new
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_chknorm_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_power2round`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyw1_pack_32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`power2round`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`reduce32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`rej_uniform_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`shake128_release`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_sign_finish`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_uniform`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`yvec_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`fqscale`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_decompose`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_sub`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_use_hint_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	-	new
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`unpack_sk`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`decompose`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128_init`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-06T14:22:16Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

⚠️ Attention Required

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	1967s	1364s	+44.2%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	40s	12s	+233%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	191s	19s	+905%
`rej_uniform`	⚠️	21s	8s	+162%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	38s	5s	+660%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	338s	49s	+590%

Full Results (209 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	⚠️	1967s	1364s	+44.2%
`sign_verify_internal`	⚠️	338s	49s	+590%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	⚠️	191s	19s	+905%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	157s	149s	+5%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	122s	112s	+9%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	105s	105s	+0%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	65s	67s	-3%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	43s	41s	+5%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	⚠️	40s	12s	+233%
`fqmul`	✅	39s	39s	+0%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	⚠️	38s	5s	+660%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	24s	23s	+4%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	21s	22s	-5%
`rej_uniform`	⚠️	21s	8s	+162%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	19s	21s	-10%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	19s	4s	+375%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`rej_uniform_native_x86_64`	✅	16s	-	new
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	15s	4s	+275%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	14s	14s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	12s	12s	+0%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	11s	11s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	11s	8s	+38%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	9s	6s	+50%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	3s	+167%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	7s	15s	-53%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`poly_power2round`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_sign_finish`	✅	5s	-	new
`poly_add`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_uniform_eta_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_sign_attempt`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_sign_resume`	✅	3s	-	new
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
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hanno-becker · 2026-07-16T05:42:13Z

This would be good to have for v1. Marking v1 so at least we're forced to make a deliberate decision about it.

Leaves CC set as "clang" for compilation and testing on macOS. Always use gcc for pre-processing with goto-cc to get consistent C header files on all platforms, including macOS/Darwin. Ported from mlkem-native (pq-code-package/mlkem-native#1780, commit b828ccdb28db111695837efdbb3a85338b5ef112). Signed-off-by: Rod Chapman <rodchap@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Hanno Becker <beckphan@amazon.co.uk>

The default implementation of MLD_ALLOC and MLD_FREE uses stack allocation, which the compiler can assume not to fail. This means that CBMC does not exercise the cleanup paths which handle fallible dynamic allocation -- a significant proof gap. This commit changes the configuration uses for the CBMC proofs to use the (instrumented) calls to malloc/free for MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE. Importantly, we set --malloc-may-fail to model allocation as fallible, and --malloc-fail-null to return NULL in case of allocation failure. Signed-off-by: Hanno Becker <beckphan@amazon.co.uk>

With fallible malloc instrumentation, the sign_signature_internal proof at CBMC_OBJECT_BITS=9 became dramatically slower, timing out in CI for ML-DSA-65 with MLD_CONFIG_REDUCE_RAM (>1800s) and coming close to the timeout for ML-DSA-87 (1362s). Raising CBMC_OBJECT_BITS to 12 -- matching the other allocating top-level proofs such as mld_attempt_signature_generation and sign_pk_from_sk -- speeds the proof up by more than an order of magnitude. Local timings (Apple Silicon, z3): parameter set object-bits 9 object-bits 12 44 56s 50s 44 (REDUCE_RAM) n/a 12s 65 101s 87s 65 (REDUCE_RAM) 368s 17s 87 n/a 129s 87 (REDUCE_RAM) n/a 9s The object-bits setting determines how many bits of a pointer CBMC reserves for the object identifier. At 9 bits the pointer encoding is at capacity for this harness, forcing the SMT solver to reason about near-aliasing pointer encodings; at 12 bits object IDs are sparse and aliasing is cheaply refuted. Signed-off-by: Hanno Becker <beckphan@amazon.co.uk>

mkannwischer · 2026-07-17T13:00:13Z

Quite a peformance hit, but probably tolerable at least temporarily. @hanno-becker, is this ready for review?

hanno-becker requested a review from a team as a code owner December 24, 2025 04:40

hanno-becker mentioned this pull request Dec 24, 2025

Add test for failing dynamic allocation #810

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hanno-becker force-pushed the alloc_cbmc branch 4 times, most recently from 20a9d4e to f03a619 Compare December 24, 2025 07:21

mkannwischer self-assigned this Dec 28, 2025

mkannwischer reviewed Dec 29, 2025

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mkannwischer marked this pull request as draft December 29, 2025 02:40

hanno-becker force-pushed the alloc_cbmc branch 2 times, most recently from 428a719 to 9ad59c8 Compare January 2, 2026 04:46

hanno-becker force-pushed the alloc_cbmc branch from 9ad59c8 to c06325f Compare May 6, 2026 13:36

hanno-becker added this to the v1.0.0 milestone Jul 16, 2026

hanno-becker assigned hanno-becker and unassigned mkannwischer Jul 16, 2026

hanno-becker force-pushed the alloc_cbmc branch 3 times, most recently from baac927 to ac4b3fc Compare July 16, 2026 11:06

hanno-becker mentioned this pull request Jul 16, 2026

CBMC: Remove free workaround (CBMC issue #8814) #819

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rod-chapman and others added 3 commits July 17, 2026 07:08

hanno-becker force-pushed the alloc_cbmc branch from ac4b3fc to 8f726d9 Compare July 17, 2026 06:08

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CBMC: Use instrumented malloc/free for MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE#814

CBMC: Use instrumented malloc/free for MLD_ALLOC/MLD_FREE#814
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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

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CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

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