CP-17610 filter sanitize callback

[niden]

Hello!

• Type: bug fix
• Link to issue: Filter::sanitize() cannot invoke callbacks registered with Filter::set() in 5.21.0 and 5.22.0 #17610

In raising this pull request, I confirm the following:

• I have read and understood the Contributing Guidelines
• I have checked that another pull request for this purpose does not exist
• I wrote some tests for this PR
• I have updated the relevant CHANGELOG
• I have created a PR for the documentation about this change

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• Phalcon\Filter\Filter::sanitize() not calling array callables registered with set().

Thanks