ci: publish workspace version bumps

[pathscale]

Summary

• add the same stable-toolchain, Rust-cache, format, clippy, and test CI pattern used by ps-qa
• publish missing workspace crates after version-changing master updates
• publish protocol, client, then daemon so registry dependencies are available in order
• support safe re-runs and manual dry runs

Verification

• workflow YAML parses successfully
• local registry gate recognizes all three 0.1.7 crates as published
• cargo test --workspace --locked
• cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --locked -- -D warnings