test(e2e): Add cache origin link tests for use cache route handlers

[s1gr1d]

Add tests for cache_origin span links on use cache route handlers — the simplest case of the cache-components trace model: a cache hit's cache.get span carries a sentry.link.type: 'cache_origin' link to the cache.put span of the trace that filled the entry. Currently all in a "failed" state (test.fail()) as this is not yet implemented.

Legend
T1, T2, T3   traces, one per request, in order
ck:X         cache.key digest of entry X
o--> put     span link (sentry.link.type: 'cache_origin'), target = the cache.put span

1. Hit links to the fill trace

GET /api/use-cache?id= — 'use cache' fn, cacheLife('hours'), id in the cache key

T1 (fill)                              T2 (hit)
|- cache.get  hit=false  (no link)     |- cache.get  hit=true  ck:A
|- cache.put  ck:A  <---------------------o cache_origin

The miss and put spans must carry no link (unknown or nonexistent origin)

2. The link moves to the refill trace after the entry expires (production only)

GET /api/use-cache-expiring?id= — cacheLife({ revalidate: 1, expire: 2 }); sleep 3s after fill

T1 (fill)              T2 (refill, entry expired)     T3 (hit)
|- get hit=false       |- get hit=false               |- get hit=true
|- put ck:A            |- put ck:A  <--------------------o cache_origin
(T3 links to T2, NOT T1)

The tests run against both apps: nextjs-16-cacheComponents asserts on transaction events, nextjs-16-streaming-cacheComponents on streamed spans.

Closes #24730
Linear: https://linear.app/getsentry/issue/JS-3803/cache-origin-link-tests-for-use-cache-route-handlers

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

⚠️ Warning: Base artifact is not the latest one, because the latest workflow run is not done yet. This may lead to incorrect results. Try to re-run all tests to get up to date results.

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	29.24 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	27.5 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags tracing without tracing	27.4 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	51.15 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing + Span Streaming)	51.17 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Profiling)	54.18 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	90.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	79.86 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	95.46 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	108.41 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	46.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	34.3 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	39.41 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Metrics)	30.25 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Logs)	30.51 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Metrics & Logs)	31.18 kB	-	-
@sentry/react	31 kB	-	-
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	53.45 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue	36.74 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	53.7 kB	-	-
@sentry/svelte	29.26 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle	30.93 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	51.69 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Logs, Metrics)	33.2 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Logs, Metrics)	53.66 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Replay, Logs, Metrics)	73.92 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	89.28 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Logs, Metrics)	91.25 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	95.45 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, Logs, Metrics)	97.42 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	91.4 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	153.77 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	97.97 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	159.73 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Replay, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	227.54 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	273.5 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	279.44 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	287.2 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, Logs, Metrics) - uncompressed	293.13 kB	-	-
@sentry/nextjs (client)	55.77 kB	-	-
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	51.59 kB	-	-
@sentry/core/server	39.95 kB	-	-
@sentry/core/browser	13.63 kB	-	-
@sentry/node	133.9 kB	+0.01%	+6 B 🔺
@sentry/node/import (ESM hook with diagnostics-channel injection)	82.43 kB	-	-
@sentry/node - without tracing	90.46 kB	+0.02%	+17 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without channel injection	112.42 kB	+0.02%	+12 B 🔺
@sentry/aws-serverless	98.72 kB	+0.01%	+5 B 🔺
@sentry/cloudflare (withSentry) - minified	206.49 kB	-	-
@sentry/cloudflare (withSentry)	513.73 kB	-	-

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