rollup-plugin-react-scoped-css

Motivations

While using react in a professional context, I realized that it was lacking the scoped css feature that I learned to love from Vue and Angular. After some research I came across good plugins, but sadly were not compatible with vite and/or rollup. Thus, I decided to create this plugin.

Requirements

• node >= 18
• vite >= 5, or rollup >= 4, or rolldown >= 1

How to install

$ npm i rollup-plugin-react-scoped-css

Simple Configuration

in vite:

// vite.config.js
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'
import { reactScopedCssPlugin } from 'rollup-plugin-react-scoped-css'

// https://vitejs.dev/config/
export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [react(), reactScopedCssPlugin()]
})

without vite (rollup or rolldown):

// rollup.config.js / rolldown.config.js
import { reactScopedCssPlugin } from 'rollup-plugin-react-scoped-css';

// The plugin returns two halves that must run before and after your JSX and
// CSS plugins.
const [scopedCssPre, scopedCssPost] = reactScopedCssPlugin();

export default {
  input: 'src/main.tsx',
  plugins: [scopedCssPre, /* JSX + CSS plugins go here */, scopedCssPost],
};

Notes: Because this plugin has been built with vite as its primary usecase, it doesn't transpile JSX/TypeScript, LESS, SCSS or other preprocessors, and it doesn't process CSS imports. When you use Rollup or Rolldown directly, you need to plug in those pieces between the two halves of the plugin. See Using without Vite for complete, working configs.

Customizing the plugin

There are a few options available to customize how the plugin works

{
  /**
   * Which files should be included and parsed by the plugin
   * Default: undefined
   */
  include?: FilterPattern;

  /**
   * Which files should be excluded and that should not be parsed by the plugin
   * Default: undefined
   */
  exclude?: FilterPattern;

  /**
   * If you want regular files to be scoped & global files to be .global.css
   * Default: false
   */
  scopeStyleByDefault?: boolean;

  /**
   * If you want to customize the pattern for scoped styles.
   * This will only work if scopeStyleByDefault is false
   * Default: 'scoped'
   */
  scopedStyleSuffix?: string;

  /**
   * If you want to customize the pattern for global styles.
   * This will only work if scopeStyleByDefault is true
   * Default: 'global'
   */
  globalStyleSuffix?: string;

  /**
   * If you want to customize the pattern for style files.
   * Default: ['css', 'scss', 'sass', 'less']
   */
  styleFileExtensions?: string[];

  /**
   * If you want to customize the pattern for jsx files.
   * Default: ['jsx', 'tsx']
   */
  jsxFileExtensions?: string[];

  /**
   * If you want to customize the attribute prefix that is added to the jsx elements
   * Default: 'v'
   */
  hashPrefix?: string;
}

Using without Vite (Rollup and Rolldown)

The plugin works in two halves:

1. scopedCssPre rewrites scoped style imports such as ./Component.scoped.css to ./Component.scoped.css?scope=<hash>.
2. scopedCssPost scopes the CSS and adds the matching data-<hash> attributes to the compiled React output.

Vite orders these automatically through the enforce option. With Rollup or Rolldown, enforce is ignored, so you must place them in the plugins array yourself and put the following between them:

• JSX/TypeScript transpilation first. The second half inspects compiled React.createElement() or _jsx() calls, not raw JSX. Babel (shown below) or any equivalent transpiler works.
• A CSS loader/emitter. Rollup and Rolldown do not process .css imports on their own. The bridge below reads the file, lets scopedCssPost transform it, then emits the transformed CSS and replaces the import with an empty module.

When is the bridge needed?

The bridge is needed when nothing else in your build turns .css imports into JavaScript. Neither Rollup nor Rolldown does that on its own, so a plain config fails as soon as it reaches the first style import.

Use the bridge when:

• you are adding the plugin to a plain Rollup or Rolldown config and want minimal CSS handling — all styles collected into one stylesheet;
• you don't already have a CSS plugin that can load the scoped imports.

You can skip it when:

• Vite is handling CSS and plugin ordering for you;
• another CSS plugin already handles .css imports. Put that plugin between scopedCssPre and scopedCssPost, and make sure it accepts the ?scope=<hash> query the plugin adds to scoped imports.

The bridge only does extraction. If you need style injection, CSS modules, preprocessor support, or per-chunk styles, use a dedicated CSS plugin instead.

CSS bridge

Save this next to your config:

// scoped-css-bridge.js
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'

const stripQuery = (id) => id.split('?')[0]
const isCss = (id) => stripQuery(id).endsWith('.css')

export function scopedCssBridge() {
  const styles = new Map()

  return [
    {
      name: 'scoped-css:load',
      async load(id) {
        if (isCss(id)) {
          return readFile(stripQuery(id), 'utf8')
        }
      },
    },
    {
      name: 'scoped-css:emit',
      transform(code, id) {
        if (!isCss(id)) return
        styles.set(stripQuery(id), code)
        return { code: 'export default undefined', map: null }
      },
      generateBundle() {
        this.emitFile({
          type: 'asset',
          fileName: 'styles.css',
          source: [...styles.values()].join('\n'),
        })
      },
    },
  ]
}

Rollup

npm i -D rollup @babel/core @babel/preset-react @babel/preset-typescript \
  @rollup/plugin-babel @rollup/plugin-commonjs @rollup/plugin-node-resolve \
  @rollup/plugin-replace

// rollup.config.js
import babel from '@rollup/plugin-babel'
import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs'
import { nodeResolve } from '@rollup/plugin-node-resolve'
import replace from '@rollup/plugin-replace'
import { reactScopedCssPlugin } from 'rollup-plugin-react-scoped-css'
import { scopedCssBridge } from './scoped-css-bridge.js'

const [scopedCssPre, scopedCssPost] = reactScopedCssPlugin()
const [cssLoader, cssEmitter] = scopedCssBridge()

export default {
  input: 'src/main.tsx',
  output: {
    dir: 'dist',
    format: 'esm',
    entryFileNames: 'main.js',
    sourcemap: true,
  },
  plugins: [
    scopedCssPre,
    babel({
      babelHelpers: 'bundled',
      extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.ts', '.tsx'],
      exclude: '**/node_modules/**',
      presets: [
        ['@babel/preset-react', { runtime: 'automatic' }],
        '@babel/preset-typescript',
      ],
    }),
    cssLoader,
    scopedCssPost,
    cssEmitter,
    replace({
      preventAssignment: true,
      values: { 'process.env.NODE_ENV': JSON.stringify('production') },
    }),
    nodeResolve({ extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.ts', '.tsx'] }),
    commonjs(),
  ],
}

nodeResolve and commonjs are only needed if React is bundled rather than loaded externally. replace is needed because React's CommonJS build checks process.env.NODE_ENV at runtime.

Rolldown

Rolldown resolves node_modules and bundles CommonJS itself, but Babel still has to run before scopedCssPost, and CSS has to be treated as JavaScript for the bridge to take over.

npm i -D rolldown @babel/core @babel/preset-react @babel/preset-typescript \
  @rollup/plugin-babel

// rolldown.config.js
import { defineConfig } from 'rolldown'
import babel from '@rollup/plugin-babel'
import { reactScopedCssPlugin } from 'rollup-plugin-react-scoped-css'
import { scopedCssBridge } from './scoped-css-bridge.js'

const [scopedCssPre, scopedCssPost] = reactScopedCssPlugin()
const [cssLoader, cssEmitter] = scopedCssBridge()

export default defineConfig({
  input: 'src/main.tsx',
  platform: 'browser',
  // Rolldown no longer bundles CSS itself. The bridge emits it instead.
  moduleTypes: { '.css': 'js' },
  transform: {
    define: { 'process.env.NODE_ENV': JSON.stringify('production') },
  },
  plugins: [
    scopedCssPre,
    babel({
      babelHelpers: 'bundled',
      extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.ts', '.tsx'],
      exclude: '**/node_modules/**',
      presets: [
        ['@babel/preset-react', { runtime: 'automatic' }],
        '@babel/preset-typescript',
      ],
    }),
    cssLoader,
    scopedCssPost,
    cssEmitter,
  ],
  output: {
    dir: 'dist',
    format: 'esm',
    entryFileNames: 'main.js',
    sourcemap: true,
  },
})

Notes

• Neither Rollup nor Rolldown generates an HTML entry. Load the emitted files yourself, for example <link rel="stylesheet" href="./styles.css"> and <script type="module" src="./main.js"></script>.
• If you use a CSS plugin such as rollup-plugin-postcss instead of the bridge, make sure it accepts the ?scope=<hash> query that scopedCssPre adds and runs between the two halves of the plugin.
• Preprocessors (SCSS, LESS, etc.) still need to run before scopedCssPost. Compile them to CSS inside the bridge (or add a preprocessor plugin between cssLoader and scopedCssPost) so the scoper receives plain CSS.
• scopedCssPost must stay after your JSX transpiler and after the CSS loader, and the CSS emitter must stay after scopedCssPost.

Usage

// Component.jsx
import './Component.scoped.scss'

export default function Sub() {
  return (
    <div className="wrap">
      <h1>My Component</h1>
    </div>
  )
}

// Component.scoped.scss
.wrap {
  width: 500px;
  h1 { color: red; }
}

And just like that the styles will be scoped to the component.

Limitations

Due to the way this plugin is working, it will apply the scope to the file and not the component individually... This may differ from other frameworks since they don't really let you define multiple components in the same file. This then means that if you have 2 components in the same file, the styles might conflict.

Deep selector

If you want a selector in scoped styles to be "deep", i.e. affecting child components, you can use the ::deep combinator:

.a::deep .b { /* ... */ }

The above will be compiled into:

.a[data-f3f3eg9] .b { /* ... */ }

Another expected format, which will generate the same result, is:

.a::v-deep .b { /* ... */ }

This is primarily for backwards compatibility, we recommend the ::deep selector.

Dynamically Generated Content

DOM content created with dangerouslySetInnerHTML are not affected by scoped styles, but you can still style them using deep selectors.

Also Keep in Mind

Scoped styles do not eliminate the need for classes. Due to the way browsers render various CSS selectors, p { color: red } will be many times slower when scoped (i.e. when combined with an attribute selector). If you use classes or ids instead, such as in .example { color: red }, then you virtually eliminate that performance hit.

Be careful with descendant selectors in recursive components! For a CSS rule with the selector .a .b, if the element that matches .a contains a recursive child component, then all .b in that child component will be matched by the rule.

Testing

Unit tests

npm test

End-to-end compatibility harness

The e2e harness packs the plugin with npm pack, installs it into isolated projects, then drives a real browser against each setup:

• Vite 5, 6, 7, and 8 — the dev server and a production build served with vite preview.
• Rollup — a production build using @rollup/plugin-babel, the CSS bridge documented above, and the bundled React runtime, served by a static Node server.
• Rolldown — the same production build and CSS bridge with Rolldown's built-in resolver, served the same way.

Prerequisites: Node >= 20.19 and a Playwright browser.

npm run test:e2e:install   # once; installs Chromium
npm run test:e2e           # all bundlers (Vite matrix + Rollup + Rolldown)
npm run test:e2e:vite      # Vite only
npm run test:e2e:bundlers  # Rollup and Rolldown only

Options (pass-through after --):

npm run test:e2e -- --bundler rollup      # vite, rollup, rolldown, or all (default)
npm run test:e2e -- --bundler vite --vite 7   # one Vite major
npm run test:e2e -- --mode dev            # dev, build, or both (Vite only)
npm run test:e2e -- --browser firefox     # chromium (default), firefox, webkit
npm run test:e2e -- --headed              # watch the browser
npm run test:e2e -- --clean --force       # wipe and reinstall cached installs
npm run test:e2e -- --keep-temp           # keep production build output
npm run test:e2e -- --allow-broken-sourcemap

--vite and --mode only affect the Vite matrix. The Rollup and Rolldown setups run production builds only, so --mode dev fails when either is selected.

The harness asserts that:

• scoped JSX receives data-<hash> attributes and every element from a file shares that file's hash;
• scoped selectors are applied, global styles stay global, and styles from one component do not leak into another;
• computed styles match in Vite dev, Vite production, and the standalone bundles;
• emitted CSS contains the scoped selectors and JS contains the matching hash;
• JS sourcemaps reference the original .tsx files and include their content;
• there are no page/console/network errors, and Vite runs emit no SOURCEMAP_BROKEN warnings.

All installs are cached in e2e/.cache/; the cache key includes the packed plugin, so plugin changes trigger a reinstall. Vite 8 uses Rolldown rather than Rollup; rollup is installed in the Vite projects only to satisfy this package's peer dependency. The e2e CI job runs npm run test:e2e, covering all three bundlers.

Contributing

Anyone is free to open a PR and contribute to this project... just be civilized!

Credits

Inspired by react-scoped-css.