[FIX][Vulkan] Avoid device API destruction during Windows DLL shutdown

src/backend/vulkan/runtime/vulkan_device_api.cc

@@ -34,13 +34,21 @@ namespace runtime {
 namespace vulkan {
 
 VulkanDeviceAPI* VulkanDeviceAPI::Global() {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // DLL static destructors run during loader shutdown, when calling the Vulkan
+  // driver (e.g. vkDestroyDevice) is no longer safe. Keep the singleton alive
+  // for the process lifetime, as CUDADeviceAPI does, and let the OS reclaim it.
+  static auto* inst = new VulkanDeviceAPI();
+  return inst;
+#else
   // Most of the TVM Global() functions allocate with "new" and do
   // not deallocate, as the OS can clean up any leftover buffers at
   // the end.  In this case, we need the VulkanDeviceAPI destructor
   // to call vkDestroyInstance, to prevent a segfault on exit when
   // using some nvidia drivers.
   static VulkanDeviceAPI inst;
   return &inst;
+#endif
 }
 
 VulkanDeviceAPI::VulkanDeviceAPI() {

tests/python/runtime/test_runtime_device_api.py

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
+import pytest
+
 import tvm
 import tvm.testing
 
@@ -48,5 +50,43 @@ def test_check_if_device_exists():
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.gpu
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    tvm.get_global_func("device_api.vulkan", allow_missing=True) is None,
+    reason="Vulkan runtime is not built",
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("allocate_tensor", [False, True])
+def test_vulkan_process_exit(allocate_tensor):
+    """Device initialization and allocation must allow a clean process exit."""
+    # Initialize Vulkan only in the child: exit-time failures cannot be caught
+    # by an in-process assertion and must not crash the pytest process itself.
+    script = """
+import sys
+import numpy as np
+import tvm
+
+dev = tvm.vulkan(0)
+if not dev.exist:
+    sys.exit(77)
+if int(sys.argv[1]):
+    expected = np.arange(128, dtype="float32")
+    tensor = tvm.runtime.tensor(expected, dev)
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(tensor.numpy(), expected)
+print("Vulkan work completed", flush=True)
+"""
+    proc = subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, "-c", script, str(int(allocate_tensor))],
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=120,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if proc.returncode == 77:
+        pytest.skip("No Vulkan device is available")
+    assert proc.returncode == 0, f"Vulkan subprocess exited with {proc.returncode}:\n{proc.stdout}"
+    assert "Vulkan work completed" in proc.stdout
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     tvm.testing.main()