Expose encryption in pyiceberg-core #3506

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

This is a tracking issue 😄 cc @xanderbailey, who has been driving much of this effort.

PyIceberg is adding encryption support (apache/iceberg-python#3222). Rather than reimplementing it in Python, PyIceberg should reuse as many iceberg-rust encryption components as possible through pyiceberg-core. Part of #2034 and #1694.

Describe the solution you'd like

• Expose pyiceberg_core.encryption module with standard key metadata encode/decode (feat(python) add standard key metadata python bindings #3206, not in 0.11; ships in the next release) (replaces feat(encryption): [2/N] Add standard key metadata iceberg-python#3948)
• AES-GCM encrypt/decrypt (replaces feat(encryption) [4/N] AES-GCM encryption implementation iceberg-python#3963)
• AGS1 stream encrypt/decrypt (replaces feat(encryption) [6/N] streaming block encryption iceberg-python#3969)
• KMS client bridge (replaces feat(encryption) [5/N] KMS iceberg-python#3968)
• Manifest list key wrap/unwrap
• Encrypted manifest and manifest list reads

All of these are exposed to Python through the new pyiceberg_core.encryption module, added in #3206.