diff --git a/.github/.cspell/project-dictionary.txt b/.github/.cspell/project-dictionary.txt
index 3cfb7d55..93b33fb8 100644
--- a/.github/.cspell/project-dictionary.txt
+++ b/.github/.cspell/project-dictionary.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+atos
 codesign
 coreutils
+debuglink
+dsymutil
+dwarfdump
 lipo
+objcopy
+otool
+segname
+vmaddr
+xcrun
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 254be256..bf3f58a2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - os: ubuntu-24.04
+            bin-leading-dir: bin
+            debug-archive: true
+            leading-dir: true
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - os: ubuntu-24.04
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ jobs:
             workspace: true
           - os: macos-latest
             checksums: sha256 sha512 sha1 md5
+            debug-archive: true
             target: aarch64-apple-darwin
           - os: macos-latest
             checksums: sha256, sha512, sha1, md5
@@ -93,7 +97,19 @@ jobs:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
           runner: none
         if: matrix.target != '' && matrix.build-tool == 'cargo'
-      - run: cargo new --bin test-crate
+      - run: |
+          cargo new --bin test-crate
+          cat >| test-crate/src/main.rs <<'EOF'
+          #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+          #[inline(never)]
+          pub extern "C" fn debug_archive_test() {
+              std::hint::black_box(());
+          }
+
+          fn main() {
+              debug_archive_test();
+          }
+          EOF
       - uses: ./
         id: upload-rust-binary-action
         with:
@@ -110,6 +126,9 @@ jobs:
           tar-xz: all
           zip: all
           manifest-path: test-crate/Cargo.toml
+          debug-archive: ${{ matrix.debug-archive || 'false' }}
+          leading-dir: ${{ matrix.leading-dir || 'false' }}
+          bin-leading-dir: ${{ matrix.bin-leading-dir }}
           codesign: '-'
           codesign-prefix: 'com.example.'
           codesign-options: 'runtime'
@@ -138,15 +157,101 @@ jobs:
 
           printf 'outputs.md5 should be a file\n'
           test -f "${OUTPUT_MD5}"
+
+          if [[ "${DEBUG_ARCHIVE}" == "true" ]]; then
+            printf 'outputs.debug-archive should be a file\n'
+            test -f "${OUTPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE}"
+            grep "$(basename -- "${OUTPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE}")" "${OUTPUT_SHA256}" >/dev/null
+          fi
         env:
           OUTPUT_ARCHIVE: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.archive }}
           OUTPUT_ZIP: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.zip }}
           OUTPUT_TAR: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.tar }}
           OUTPUT_TAR_XZ: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.tar-xz }}
+          OUTPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.debug-archive }}
           OUTPUT_SHA256: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.sha256 }}
           OUTPUT_SHA512: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.sha512 }}
           OUTPUT_SHA1: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.sha1 }}
           OUTPUT_MD5: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.md5 }}
+          DEBUG_ARCHIVE: ${{ matrix.debug-archive || 'false' }}
+      - name: Check debug archive
+        if: ${{ matrix.debug-archive }}
+        env:
+          BIN_LEADING_DIR: ${{ matrix.bin-leading-dir }}
+          LEADING_DIR: ${{ matrix.leading-dir || 'false' }}
+          OUTPUT_ARCHIVE: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.archive }}
+          OUTPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.debug-archive }}
+          OUTPUT_TAR: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.tar }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -- extracted
+          tar -xf "${OUTPUT_TAR}" -C extracted
+          tar -xf "${OUTPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE}" -C extracted
+          debug_prefix=''
+          if [[ "${LEADING_DIR}" == "true" ]]; then
+            debug_prefix="${OUTPUT_ARCHIVE}/"
+          fi
+          if [[ -n "${BIN_LEADING_DIR}" ]]; then
+            debug_prefix+="${BIN_LEADING_DIR}/"
+          fi
+          binary="extracted/${debug_prefix}test-crate"
+
+          case "${RUNNER_OS}" in
+            Linux)
+              debug="extracted/${debug_prefix}test-crate.debug"
+              test -f "${debug}"
+              binary_sections="$(objdump -h "${binary}")"
+              debug_sections="$(objdump -h "${debug}")"
+              if grep '\.debug_info' <<<"${binary_sections}" >/dev/null; then
+                exit 1
+              fi
+              grep '\.debug_info' <<<"${debug_sections}" >/dev/null
+              readelf --string-dump=.gnu_debuglink "${binary}" |
+                grep 'test-crate.debug' >/dev/null
+              address="$(
+                nm --defined-only "${binary}" |
+                  awk '$3 == "debug_archive_test" { address = $1 }
+                    END { print address }'
+              )"
+              test -n "${address}"
+              addr2line -e "${binary}" "0x${address}" |
+                grep '/test-crate/src/main.rs:' >/dev/null
+              ;;
+            macOS)
+              debug="extracted/${debug_prefix}test-crate.dSYM"
+              test -d "${debug}"
+              binary_uuid="$(xcrun dwarfdump --uuid "${binary}" | awk '{ print $2 }')"
+              debug_uuid="$(xcrun dwarfdump --uuid "${debug}" | awk '{ print $2 }')"
+              test -n "${binary_uuid}"
+              test "${binary_uuid}" = "${debug_uuid}"
+              load_commands="$(otool -l "${binary}")"
+              if grep '__DWARF' <<<"${load_commands}" >/dev/null; then
+                exit 1
+              fi
+              load_address="$(
+                awk '
+                  $1 == "segname" && $2 == "__TEXT" { text = 1; next }
+                  text && $1 == "vmaddr" && !address { address = $2 }
+                  END { print address }
+                ' <<<"${load_commands}"
+              )"
+              address="$(
+                nm -nm "${binary}" |
+                  awk '$4 == "_debug_archive_test" { address = $1 }
+                    END { print address }'
+              )"
+              dwarf=("${debug}/Contents/Resources/DWARF/"*)
+              test -n "${load_address}"
+              test -n "${address}"
+              test "${#dwarf[@]}" -eq 1
+              xcrun atos \
+                -arch arm64 \
+                -o "${dwarf[0]}" \
+                -l "${load_address}" \
+                "0x${address}" |
+                grep 'main.rs:' >/dev/null
+              ;;
+            *) exit 1 ;;
+          esac
       - name: Check b2 output
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.checksums || 'b2,sha256,sha512,sha1,md5', 'b2') }}
         run: |
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 3ab8ed52..88dffba1 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Note: In this file, do not use the hard wrap in the middle of a sentence for com
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+- Add `debug-archive` support for publishing companion debug archives.
+
 ## [1.30.2] - 2026-04-17
 
 - Enhance security when `dry-run` is true.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9044d873..8c9319ad 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ Currently, this action is basically intended to be used in combination with an a
 | checksum | | Algorithms to be used for checksum (sha256, sha512, b2, sha1, or md5) (whitespace or comma separated list).<br>Note: b2 is not available by default on macOS, install `b2sum` to use it. sha1 and md5 are insecure and strongly discouraged. | String | |
 | include | | Additional files to be included to the archive (whitespace or comma separated list) | String | |
 | asset | | Additional files to be uploaded separately (whitespace or comma separated list) | String | |
+| debug-archive | | Preserve debug information in a separate release archive | Boolean | `false` |
+| objcopy | | `objcopy` command to use when separating ELF debug information | String | |
 | leading-dir | | Whether to create the leading directory in the archive or not | Boolean | `false` |
 | bin-leading-dir | | Create extra leading directory(s) for binary file(s) specified by `bin` option | String | |
 | build-tool | | Tool to build binaries (cargo, cross, or cargo-zigbuild, see [cross-compilation example](#example-workflow-cross-compilation) for more) | String | |
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ Currently, this action is basically intended to be used in combination with an a
 | zip | `.zip` archive file name. |
 | tar | `.tar.gz` archive file name. |
 | tar-xz | `.tar.xz` archive file name. |
+| debug-archive | Separate debug archive file name. |
 | sha256 | SHA256 checksum file name. |
 | sha512 | SHA512 checksum file name. |
 | b2 | BLAKE2 checksum file name. |
@@ -641,6 +644,25 @@ README.md
 - [cargo-hack](https://github.com/taiki-e/cargo-hack/blob/202e6e59d491c9202ce148c9ef423853267226db/.github/workflows/release.yml#L47-L84)
 - [tokio-console](https://github.com/tokio-rs/console/blob/9699300ec7901b71dce0d3555a7be2c86ec4e533/.github/workflows/release.yaml#L28-L43)
 
+### Preserve debug information
+
+Use `debug-archive` to publish a small production binary together with a
+separate archive containing its debug information:
+
+```yaml
+- uses: taiki-e/upload-rust-binary-action@v1
+  with:
+    bin: my-cli
+    debug-archive: true
+```
+
+For macOS Darwin targets this publishes `<archive>.dSYM.tar.gz`. For Linux
+targets it publishes `<archive>.debug.tar.gz` and adds a GNU debug link to the
+binary. The debug archive mirrors the binary archive's leading-directory
+layout. Cargo cross builds can specify the target-compatible tool with the
+`objcopy` input. The `cross` build tool and universal Darwin targets are not
+currently supported by this option. This option requires Rust 1.65 or newer.
+
 ### Optimize Rust binary
 
 You can optimize performance or size of Rust binaries by passing the profile options.
diff --git a/action.yml b/action.yml
index 5050f887..acbbed67 100644
--- a/action.yml
+++ b/action.yml
@@ -67,6 +67,16 @@ inputs:
       Additional files to be uploaded separately (whitespace or comma separated list).
       Note that glob pattern is not supported yet.
     required: false
+  debug-archive:
+    description: Preserve debug information in a separate release archive
+    required: false
+  debug_archive:
+    description: Alias for 'debug-archive'
+    required: false
+    default: 'false'
+  objcopy:
+    description: objcopy command to use when separating ELF debug information
+    required: false
   leading-dir:
     description: Whether to create the leading directory in the archive or not
     required: false
@@ -151,6 +161,9 @@ outputs:
   tar-xz:
     description: '.tar.xz archive file name'
     value: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.tar-xz }}
+  debug-archive:
+    description: 'Separate debug archive file name'
+    value: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.debug-archive }}
   b2:
     description: 'BLAKE2 checksum file name'
     value: ${{ steps.upload-rust-binary-action.outputs.b2 }}
@@ -192,6 +205,8 @@ runs:
         INPUT_ZIP: ${{ inputs.zip }}
         INPUT_INCLUDE: ${{ inputs.include }}
         INPUT_ASSET: ${{ inputs.asset }}
+        INPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE: ${{ inputs.debug-archive || inputs.debug_archive }}
+        INPUT_OBJCOPY: ${{ inputs.objcopy }}
         INPUT_LEADING_DIR: ${{ inputs.leading-dir || inputs.leading_dir }}
         INPUT_BIN_LEADING_DIR: ${{ inputs.bin-leading-dir }}
         INPUT_BUILD_TOOL: ${{ inputs.build-tool || inputs.build_tool }}
diff --git a/main.sh b/main.sh
index 484b69b8..40bf2855 100755
--- a/main.sh
+++ b/main.sh
@@ -204,6 +204,13 @@ if [[ -n "${asset}" ]]; then
   done < <(normalize_comma_or_space_separated "${asset}")
 fi
 
+debug_archive_enabled="${INPUT_DEBUG_ARCHIVE:-}"
+case "${debug_archive_enabled}" in
+  true) debug_archive_enabled=1 ;;
+  false) debug_archive_enabled='' ;;
+  *) bail "'debug-archive' input option must be 'true' or 'false': '${debug_archive_enabled}'" ;;
+esac
+
 checksum="${INPUT_CHECKSUM:-}"
 checksums=()
 if [[ -n "${checksum}" ]]; then
@@ -322,6 +329,39 @@ case "${input_profile}" in
   *) profile_directory=${input_profile} ;;
 esac
 
+if [[ -n "${debug_archive_enabled}" ]]; then
+  if [[ "${rustc_minor_version}" -lt 65 ]]; then
+    bail "'debug-archive' requires Rust 1.65 or newer"
+  fi
+  profile_env=$(tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' <<<"${input_profile}")
+  profile_env=${profile_env//-/_}
+  export "CARGO_PROFILE_${profile_env}_DEBUG=2"
+  case "${target}" in
+    universal-apple-darwin | universal2-apple-darwin)
+      bail "'debug-archive' does not support universal Darwin targets"
+      ;;
+    *-apple-darwin)
+      if [[ "${host_os}" != "macos" ]]; then
+        bail "'debug-archive' for Darwin targets requires a macOS host"
+      fi
+      dsymutil=$(xcrun --find dsymutil)
+      dsymutil_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+      ln -s -- "${dsymutil}" "${dsymutil_dir}/dsymutil"
+      PATH="${dsymutil_dir}:${PATH}"
+      export PATH
+      export "CARGO_PROFILE_${profile_env}_SPLIT_DEBUGINFO=packed"
+      ;;
+    *-linux-*)
+      export "CARGO_PROFILE_${profile_env}_STRIP=none"
+      export "CARGO_PROFILE_${profile_env}_SPLIT_DEBUGINFO=off"
+      ;;
+    *) bail "'debug-archive' does not support target '${target}'" ;;
+  esac
+  if [[ "${build_tool}" == "cross" ]]; then
+    bail "'debug-archive' does not support the cross build tool"
+  fi
+fi
+
 bins=()
 for bin_name in "${bin_names[@]}"; do
   bins+=("${bin_name}${exe}")
@@ -453,6 +493,52 @@ case "${INPUT_TARGET:-}" in
     ;;
 esac
 
+debug_files=()
+debug_archive=''
+if [[ -n "${debug_archive_enabled}" ]]; then
+  case "${target}" in
+    *-apple-darwin)
+      for bin_exe in "${bins[@]}"; do
+        debug="${target_dir}/${bin_exe}.dSYM"
+        if [[ ! -d "${debug}" ]]; then
+          bail "debug bundle not found: ${debug}"
+        fi
+        binary_uuid=$(xcrun dwarfdump --uuid "${target_dir}/${bin_exe}" | awk '{ print $2 }')
+        debug_uuid=$(xcrun dwarfdump --uuid "${debug}" | awk '{ print $2 }')
+        if [[ -z "${binary_uuid}" ]] || [[ "${binary_uuid}" != "${debug_uuid}" ]]; then
+          bail "debug bundle UUID does not match binary: ${debug}"
+        fi
+        debug_files+=("${bin_exe}.dSYM")
+      done
+      debug_archive="${archive}.dSYM.tar.gz"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      objcopy="${INPUT_OBJCOPY:-"${OBJCOPY:-}"}"
+      if [[ -z "${objcopy}" ]]; then
+        if type -P llvm-objcopy >/dev/null; then
+          objcopy=llvm-objcopy
+        elif type -P objcopy >/dev/null; then
+          objcopy=objcopy
+        else
+          bail "'debug-archive' requires objcopy; specify the 'objcopy' input option"
+        fi
+      elif ! type -P "${objcopy}" >/dev/null; then
+        bail "objcopy command not found: ${objcopy}"
+      fi
+      for bin_exe in "${bins[@]}"; do
+        debug="${target_dir}/${bin_exe}.debug"
+        x "${objcopy}" --only-keep-debug "${target_dir}/${bin_exe}" "${debug}"
+        (
+          cd -- "${target_dir}"
+          x "${objcopy}" --strip-debug --add-gnu-debuglink="${bin_exe}.debug" "${bin_exe}"
+        )
+        debug_files+=("${bin_exe}.debug")
+      done
+      debug_archive="${archive}.debug.tar.gz"
+      ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
 case "${host_os}" in
   macos)
     if type -P codesign >/dev/null; then
@@ -461,6 +547,40 @@ case "${host_os}" in
     ;;
 esac
 
+if [[ -n "${debug_archive}" ]]; then
+  assets+=("${debug_archive}")
+  if [[ -n "${GITHUB_OUTPUT:-}" ]]; then
+    printf 'debug-archive=%s\n' "${debug_archive}" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+  else
+    warn "GITHUB_OUTPUT is not set; skip setting the 'debug-archive' output"
+    printf 'debug-archive: %s\n' "${debug_archive}"
+  fi
+  debug_archive_path="${PWD}/${debug_archive}"
+  debug_tmpdir=$(mktemp -d)
+  mkdir -- "${debug_tmpdir:?}/${archive}"
+  if [[ -n "${bin_leading_dir}" ]]; then
+    mkdir -p -- "${debug_tmpdir}/${archive}/${bin_leading_dir}"/
+    debug_filenames=("${bin_leading_dir%%/*}")
+    debug_destination="${debug_tmpdir}/${archive}/${bin_leading_dir}"
+  else
+    debug_filenames=("${debug_files[@]}")
+    debug_destination="${debug_tmpdir}/${archive}"
+  fi
+  for debug_file in "${debug_files[@]}"; do
+    x cp -rL -- "${target_dir}/${debug_file}" "${debug_destination}"/
+  done
+  pushd -- "${debug_tmpdir}" >/dev/null
+  if [[ -n "${leading_dir}" ]]; then
+    x tar acf "${debug_archive_path}" "${archive}"
+  else
+    pushd -- "${archive}" >/dev/null
+    x tar acf "${debug_archive_path}" "${debug_filenames[@]}"
+    popd >/dev/null
+  fi
+  popd >/dev/null
+  rm -rf -- "${debug_tmpdir:?}"
+fi
+
 if [[ "${INPUT_TAR/all/${platform}}" == "${platform}" ]] \
   || [[ "${INPUT_TAR_XZ/all/${platform}}" == "${platform}" ]] \
   || [[ "${INPUT_ZIP/all/${platform}}" == "${platform}" ]]; then