diff --git a/Bitkit/Managers/UsdtWalletManager.swift b/Bitkit/Managers/UsdtWalletManager.swift
index ae66da8d8..86f718f2e 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Managers/UsdtWalletManager.swift
+++ b/Bitkit/Managers/UsdtWalletManager.swift
@@ -17,7 +17,18 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
     }
 
     let receivedTxPublisher = PassthroughSubject<UsdtTransfer, Never>()
-    private(set) var balance: UInt64?
+    private(set) var balance: UInt64? {
+        didSet {
+            balanceIsStale = balance == nil
+            if let balance {
+                displayBalanceCache.save(balance, address: address)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private(set) var balanceIsStale = true
+    private(set) var cachedBalance: UInt64?
+    private let displayBalanceCache: UsdtDisplayBalanceCache
     private(set) var address = ""
     private(set) var receiveUri = ""
     private(set) var transfers: [UsdtTransfer] = [] {
@@ -117,6 +128,7 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
         rpcUrl: String? = Env.usdtRpcUrl,
         bundlerUrl: String? = Env.usdtBundlerUrl,
         now: @escaping () -> Date = Date.init,
+        defaults: UserDefaults = .standard,
         loadCredentials: @escaping @MainActor () async throws -> (String, String?) = {
             try await ServiceQueue.background(.core, wrapErrors: false) {
                 guard let mnemonic = try Keychain.loadString(key: .bip39Mnemonic(index: 0)) else { throw UsdtError.InvalidCredentials }
@@ -125,12 +137,27 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
         }
     ) {
         self.now = now
+        displayBalanceCache = UsdtDisplayBalanceCache(storageDirectory: storageDirectory, rpcUrl: rpcUrl,
+                                                      bundlerUrl: bundlerUrl, defaults: defaults)
         self.storageDirectory = storageDirectory
         self.rpcUrl = rpcUrl
         self.bundlerUrl = bundlerUrl
         self.loadCredentials = loadCredentials
     }
 
+    func loadCachedBalance() async {
+        guard !wiping else { return }
+        do {
+            let endpoint = try await paymentEndpoint()
+            try Task.checkCancellation()
+            guard !wiping else { return }
+            cachedBalance = displayBalanceCache.balance(for: endpoint.value)
+        } catch is CancellationError {
+        } catch {
+            cachedBalance = nil
+        }
+    }
+
     func refresh(includeHistory: Bool = false) async {
         guard isConfigured, !wiping else { return }
         historyRefreshRequested = historyRefreshRequested || includeHistory
@@ -140,6 +167,7 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
         var refreshDelay: TimeInterval = 10
         activeOperations += 1
         refreshing = true
+        balanceIsStale = true
         defer { refreshing = false; nextRefresh = max(rateLimitedUntil, Date().addingTimeInterval(refreshDelay)); finishOperation() }
         do {
             let wallet = try await wallet()
@@ -226,6 +254,9 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
         defer { finishOperation() }
         let wallet = try await wallet(requiresNetwork: false)
         try await wallet.restoreBackup(snapshot: snapshot)
+        displayBalanceCache.clear()
+        cachedBalance = nil
+        balance = nil
         pendingDepositIds.removeAll()
         transfers = try wallet.history()
         historyComplete = false
@@ -410,6 +441,8 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
         }
         core = nil
         paymentEndpointCache = nil
+        displayBalanceCache.clear()
+        cachedBalance = nil
         balance = nil
         address = ""
         receiveUri = ""
@@ -489,6 +522,7 @@ final class UsdtWalletManager {
             )
         }
         self.address = wallet.receiveAddress()
+        cachedBalance = displayBalanceCache.balance(for: self.address)
         receiveUri = wallet.receiveUri()
         core = wallet
         return wallet
diff --git a/Bitkit/Models/UsdtDisplayBalanceCache.swift b/Bitkit/Models/UsdtDisplayBalanceCache.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a09aff72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bitkit/Models/UsdtDisplayBalanceCache.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import CryptoKit
+import Foundation
+
+struct UsdtDisplayBalanceCache {
+    private struct Record: Codable {
+        let address: String
+        let scope: String
+        let balance: UInt64
+    }
+
+    private let defaults: UserDefaults
+    private let scope: String
+    private let key = "usdt_display_balance"
+
+    init(storageDirectory: URL, rpcUrl: String?, bundlerUrl: String?, defaults: UserDefaults = .standard) {
+        self.defaults = defaults
+        scope = SHA256.hash(data: Data("\(storageDirectory.path):\(rpcUrl ?? ""):\(bundlerUrl ?? "")".utf8)).description
+    }
+
+    func balance(for address: String) -> UInt64? {
+        guard let data = defaults.data(forKey: key),
+              let record = try? JSONDecoder().decode(Record.self, from: data),
+              record.address == address, record.scope == scope else { return nil }
+        return record.balance
+    }
+
+    func save(_ balance: UInt64, address: String) {
+        guard !address.isEmpty,
+              let data = try? JSONEncoder().encode(Record(address: address, scope: scope, balance: balance)) else { return }
+        defaults.set(data, forKey: key)
+    }
+
+    func clear() {
+        defaults.removeObject(forKey: key)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ar.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ar.lproj/Localizable.strings
index b0269c7fd..0f917a710 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ar.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ar.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1638,3 +1638,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "تم بلوغ الحد";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "طلب بقيمة {amount} من {name} يتجاوز مخصصك. راجعه للدفع.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "مدفوع تلقائيًا";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "جارٍ تحديث الرصيد…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ca.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ca.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 29eec5810..0fe96ef4e 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ca.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ca.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1822,3 +1822,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Límit assolit";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Una sol·licitud de {amount} de {name} supera la teva assignació. Revisa-la per pagar.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Pagat automàticament";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "S’està actualitzant el saldo…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/cs.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/cs.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 8d813a89d..d1e05620b 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/cs.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/cs.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1961,3 +1961,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limit dosažen";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Žádost o {amount} od {name} přesahuje vaše povolení. Zkontrolujte ji a zaplaťte.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Zaplaceno automaticky";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Aktualizace zůstatku…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/de.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/de.lproj/Localizable.strings
index cfcd3dccc..31df19fb4 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/de.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/de.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1958,3 +1958,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limit erreicht";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Eine Anforderung über {amount} von {name} übersteigt dein Kontingent. Prüfe sie, um zu bezahlen.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Automatisch bezahlt";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Kontostand wird aktualisiert…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/el.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/el.lproj/Localizable.strings
index f4bc31454..f84cff360 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/el.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/el.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1693,3 +1693,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Το όριο εξαντλήθηκε";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Ένα αίτημα {amount} από {name} υπερβαίνει την προέγκρισή σου. Έλεγξέ το για να πληρώσεις.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Πληρώθηκε αυτόματα";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Ενημέρωση υπολοίπου…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/en.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/en.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 5a3c17e2f..81f981b16 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/en.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/en.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -2050,3 +2050,5 @@
 "usdt__error_bridge_maximum" = "Amount is above this route’s maximum. Try a smaller amount.";
 "usdt__error_bridge_liquidity" = "This route cannot complete the transfer right now. Try another network or try again later.";
 "usdt__receive_copied" = "Address copied to clipboard.\nMake sure USDT is only sent on the selected network.";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Updating balance…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es-419.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es-419.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 4a6cc334b..1ff18a81a 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es-419.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es-419.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1964,3 +1964,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Límite alcanzado";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Una solicitud de {amount} de {name} supera su asignación. Revísela para pagar.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Pagado automáticamente";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Actualizando saldo…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 47cd807dc..1156dd6af 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/es.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1842,3 +1842,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Límite alcanzado";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Una solicitud de {amount} de {name} supera su asignación. Revísela para pagar.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Pagado automáticamente";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Actualizando saldo…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/fr.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/fr.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 2535a6350..92d922e2b 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/fr.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/fr.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1972,3 +1972,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limite atteinte";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Une demande de {amount} de {name} dépasse votre allocation. Examinez-la pour payer.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Payé automatiquement";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Mise à jour du solde…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/it.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/it.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 8b73e25a9..3f352c0fe 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/it.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/it.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1931,3 +1931,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limite Raggiunto";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Una richiesta di {amount} da {name} supera il tuo plafond. Controllala per pagare.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Pagato automaticamente";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Aggiornamento del saldo…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/nl.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/nl.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 1bf09b447..d2dd741a3 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/nl.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/nl.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1966,3 +1966,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limiet bereikt";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Een verzoek van {amount} van {name} overschrijdt uw toelage. Bekijk het om te betalen.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Automatisch betaald";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Saldo bijwerken…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pl.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pl.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 1df98c9fd..2d32cb55b 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pl.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pl.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1971,3 +1971,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Osiągnięto limit";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Żądanie {amount} od {name} przekracza Twój przydział. Przejrzyj je, aby zapłacić.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Opłacono automatycznie";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Aktualizowanie salda…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt-BR.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt-BR.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 6b4158f28..d3b1e8b10 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt-BR.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt-BR.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1972,3 +1972,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limite Atingido";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Uma solicitação de {amount} de {name} excede sua pré-aprovação. Revise-a para pagar.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Pago automaticamente";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Atualizando saldo…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt.lproj/Localizable.strings
index 322ddc8fb..3d0260b00 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/pt.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1618,3 +1618,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Limite atingido";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Um pedido de {amount} de {name} excede a sua pré-aprovação. Reveja-o para pagar.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Pago automaticamente";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "A atualizar o saldo…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ru.lproj/Localizable.strings b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ru.lproj/Localizable.strings
index c7d64f169..c313e0ad0 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ru.lproj/Localizable.strings
+++ b/Bitkit/Resources/Localization/ru.lproj/Localizable.strings
@@ -1952,3 +1952,5 @@
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_title" = "Лимит Достигнут";
 "subscriptions__allowance_limit_description" = "Запрос на {amount} от {name} превышает ваш лимит автооплаты. Проверьте его, чтобы оплатить.";
 "subscriptions__allowance_auto_paid" = "Оплачено автоматически";
+
+"wallet__balance_updating" = "Обновление баланса…";
diff --git a/Bitkit/Views/Home/HomeWalletView.swift b/Bitkit/Views/Home/HomeWalletView.swift
index 80aa46790..d29058aeb 100644
--- a/Bitkit/Views/Home/HomeWalletView.swift
+++ b/Bitkit/Views/Home/HomeWalletView.swift
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct HomeWalletView: View {
     /// semantics unchanged for send/transfer logic; only the headline folds hardware in).
     private var headlineSats: Int? {
         Self.aggregateBalance(bitcoinSats: wallet.totalBalanceSats, hardwareSats: hwWalletManager.totalSats,
-                              includesUsdt: showsUsdt, usdtBalance: usdt.balance, rate: currency.paykitRate)
+                              includesUsdt: showsUsdt, usdtBalance: usdt.balance ?? usdt.cachedBalance, rate: currency.paykitRate)
     }
 
     static func aggregateBalance(bitcoinSats: Int, hardwareSats: UInt64, includesUsdt: Bool, usdtBalance: UInt64?,
@@ -33,10 +33,25 @@ struct HomeWalletView: View {
         guard includesUsdt else { return bitcoin }
         guard let usdtBalance else { return nil }
         guard usdtBalance > 0 else { return bitcoin }
-        guard let usdtSats = usdtDisplaySats(amount: usdtFormatAmount(amount: usdtBalance), rate: rate, now: now) else { return nil }
+        // Home can show the last known value while refreshing; payment conversions still require a fresh rate.
+        guard let rate, rate.timestamp <= now,
+              let usdtSats = usdtDisplaySats(amount: usdtFormatAmount(amount: usdtBalance), rate: rate, now: rate.timestamp) else { return nil }
         return bitcoin.saturatingAdd(usdtSats)
     }
 
+    private var balanceUpdating: Bool {
+        showsUsdt && Self.isBalanceUpdating(balance: usdt.balance, refreshing: usdt.refreshing,
+                                            balanceIsStale: usdt.balanceIsStale, rate: currency.paykitRate,
+                                            rateRefreshing: currency.isRefreshing)
+    }
+
+    static func isBalanceUpdating(balance: UInt64?, refreshing: Bool, balanceIsStale: Bool,
+                                  rate: PaykitExchangeRate?, rateRefreshing: Bool, now: Date = Date()) -> Bool
+    {
+        balance == nil || refreshing || balanceIsStale ||
+            (balance != 0 && (rateRefreshing || (try? rate?.value(at: now)) == nil))
+    }
+
     var body: some View {
         let total = headlineSats
         VStack(spacing: 0) {
@@ -48,7 +63,13 @@ struct HomeWalletView: View {
                 enableSwipeGesture: settings.swipeBalanceToHide,
                 enableHide: true
             )
-            .padding(.bottom, 32)
+            if balanceUpdating {
+                CaptionMText(t("wallet__balance_updating"))
+                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+                    .padding(.top, 8)
+                    .accessibilityIdentifier("TotalBalanceUpdating")
+            }
+            Spacer().frame(height: 32)
 
             HStack(spacing: 16) {
                 NavigationLink(value: Route.savingsWallet) {
@@ -82,9 +103,13 @@ struct HomeWalletView: View {
                         } icon: {
                             Image("tether-circle").resizable().frame(width: 24, height: 24)
                         } amount: {
-                            BodyMSBText(settings.hideBalance ? " • • • • •" : usdt.balance.map { "$ " + usdtOverviewAmount($0) } ?? "—",
-                                        kerning: 0, lineHeight: 22)
-                                .lineLimit(1).minimumScaleFactor(0.7)
+                            BodyMSBText(
+                                settings.hideBalance ? " • • • • •" : (usdt.balance ?? usdt.cachedBalance)
+                                    .map { "$ " + usdtOverviewAmount($0) } ?? "—",
+                                kerning: 0,
+                                lineHeight: 22
+                            )
+                            .lineLimit(1).minimumScaleFactor(0.7)
                         }
                     }
                     .buttonStyle(.plain)
@@ -103,7 +128,7 @@ struct HomeWalletView: View {
                 }
             } else {
                 Spacer()
-                if usdt.balance ?? 0 == 0 {
+                if !showsUsdt || (usdt.balance ?? usdt.cachedBalance ?? 0) == 0 {
                     WalletOnboardingView(type: .home)
                 }
             }
@@ -112,5 +137,10 @@ struct HomeWalletView: View {
         .padding(.bottom, ScreenLayout.bottomPaddingWithSafeArea)
         .padding(.horizontal)
         .animation(.spring(response: 0.3), value: hasActivity)
+        .task(id: showsUsdt) {
+            if showsUsdt {
+                await usdt.loadCachedBalance()
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/BitkitTests/HomeWalletBalanceTests.swift b/BitkitTests/HomeWalletBalanceTests.swift
index 9f306542b..65f17f9e6 100644
--- a/BitkitTests/HomeWalletBalanceTests.swift
+++ b/BitkitTests/HomeWalletBalanceTests.swift
@@ -9,10 +9,14 @@ final class HomeWalletBalanceTests: XCTestCase {
         PaykitExchangeRate(price: "100000", timestamp: now)
     }
 
-    func testTotalIsUnavailableUntilVisibleUsdtHasABalanceAndFreshRate() {
+    func testTotalUsesCachedRatesWhilePaymentConversionsRequireFreshRates() {
         XCTAssertNil(total(balance: nil, rate: rate))
         XCTAssertNil(total(balance: 1_000_000_000, rate: nil))
-        XCTAssertNil(total(balance: 1_000_000_000, rate: PaykitExchangeRate(price: "100000", timestamp: now.addingTimeInterval(-601))))
+        let oldRate = PaykitExchangeRate(price: "100000", timestamp: now.addingTimeInterval(-3600))
+        XCTAssertEqual(total(balance: 1_000_000_000, rate: oldRate), 1_150_000)
+        XCTAssertThrowsError(try oldRate.value(at: now))
+        XCTAssertNil(total(balance: 1_000_000_000, rate: PaykitExchangeRate(price: "100000", timestamp: now.addingTimeInterval(1))))
+        XCTAssertNil(total(balance: 1_000_000_000, rate: PaykitExchangeRate(price: "0", timestamp: now)))
         XCTAssertEqual(total(balance: 1_000_000_000, rate: rate), 1_150_000)
     }
 
@@ -27,6 +31,26 @@ final class HomeWalletBalanceTests: XCTestCase {
                                                        usdtBalance: 1_000_000, rate: rate, now: now), Int.max)
     }
 
+    func testUpdatingRemainsVisibleUntilBalanceAndRatesFinish() {
+        let cachedRate = PaykitExchangeRate(price: "100000", timestamp: now.addingTimeInterval(-300))
+        func updating(_ balanceRefreshing: Bool, _ rateRefreshing: Bool) -> Bool {
+            HomeWalletView.isBalanceUpdating(balance: 1_000_000, refreshing: balanceRefreshing, balanceIsStale: false,
+                                             rate: cachedRate, rateRefreshing: rateRefreshing, now: now)
+        }
+        XCTAssertTrue(updating(true, true))
+        XCTAssertTrue(updating(false, true))
+        XCTAssertFalse(updating(false, false))
+    }
+
+    func testFailedBalanceReadKeepsPreviousBalanceUpdating() {
+        XCTAssertTrue(HomeWalletView.isBalanceUpdating(balance: 1_000_000, refreshing: false, balanceIsStale: true,
+                                                       rate: rate, rateRefreshing: false, now: now))
+        XCTAssertFalse(HomeWalletView.isBalanceUpdating(balance: 1_000_000, refreshing: false, balanceIsStale: false,
+                                                        rate: rate, rateRefreshing: false, now: now))
+        XCTAssertTrue(HomeWalletView.isBalanceUpdating(balance: nil, refreshing: false, balanceIsStale: false,
+                                                       rate: rate, rateRefreshing: false, now: now))
+    }
+
     private func total(balance: UInt64?, rate: PaykitExchangeRate?) -> Int? {
         HomeWalletView.aggregateBalance(bitcoinSats: 100_000, hardwareSats: 50000, includesUsdt: true,
                                         usdtBalance: balance, rate: rate, now: now)
diff --git a/BitkitTests/PaykitPaymentRequestServiceTests.swift b/BitkitTests/PaykitPaymentRequestServiceTests.swift
index 2fb81a4bc..cde94ac0d 100644
--- a/BitkitTests/PaykitPaymentRequestServiceTests.swift
+++ b/BitkitTests/PaykitPaymentRequestServiceTests.swift
@@ -281,13 +281,22 @@ final class PaykitPaymentRequestServiceTests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     func testInitialUsdtSuccessCannotNavigateBackToPaidAmount() async throws {
+        let suite = "UsdtDisplay-" + UUID().uuidString
+        let defaults = try XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite))
+        defer { defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suite) }
         let previousSwipeBack = SwipeBackState.allowSwipeBack
         SwipeBackState.allowSwipeBack = true
         defer { SwipeBackState.allowSwipeBack = previousSwipeBack }
         let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
         defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: directory) }
         let mnemonic = "test test test test test test test test test test test junk"
-        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, rpcUrl: nil, bundlerUrl: nil, loadCredentials: { (mnemonic, nil) })
+        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(
+            storageDirectory: directory,
+            rpcUrl: nil,
+            bundlerUrl: nil,
+            defaults: defaults,
+            loadCredentials: { (mnemonic, nil) }
+        )
         let address = try usdtAddress(mnemonic: mnemonic, passphrase: nil)
         let snapshot = """
         {"identity":"42161:\(address)","transfers":[{"transfer":{
diff --git a/BitkitTests/UsdtWalletManagerTests.swift b/BitkitTests/UsdtWalletManagerTests.swift
index acb5b4f72..cba82d126 100644
--- a/BitkitTests/UsdtWalletManagerTests.swift
+++ b/BitkitTests/UsdtWalletManagerTests.swift
@@ -4,6 +4,49 @@ import XCTest
 
 @MainActor
 final class UsdtWalletManagerTests: XCTestCase {
+    func testCachedDisplayBalanceSurvivesRestartWithoutBecomingSpendableAndClearsOnWipe() async throws {
+        let suite = "UsdtDisplay-" + UUID().uuidString
+        let defaults = try XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite))
+        defer { defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suite) }
+        let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
+        let mnemonic = "test test test test test test test test test test test junk"
+        let address = try usdtAddress(mnemonic: mnemonic, passphrase: nil)
+        let cache = UsdtDisplayBalanceCache(storageDirectory: directory, rpcUrl: nil, bundlerUrl: nil, defaults: defaults)
+        cache.save(1_234_567, address: address)
+        let manager = try UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, rpcUrl: nil, bundlerUrl: nil,
+                                            defaults: XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite)), loadCredentials: { (mnemonic, nil) })
+        await manager.loadCachedBalance()
+        XCTAssertEqual(manager.cachedBalance, 1_234_567)
+        XCTAssertNil(manager.balance)
+        XCTAssertFalse(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: directory.path))
+        await manager.refresh()
+        XCTAssertEqual(manager.cachedBalance, 1_234_567)
+        try await manager.wipe()
+        XCTAssertNil(manager.cachedBalance)
+        XCTAssertNil(cache.balance(for: address))
+    }
+
+    func testDisplayCacheRejectsAnotherWalletNetworkOrInvalidRecordAndPersistsZero() throws {
+        let suite = "UsdtDisplay-" + UUID().uuidString
+        let defaults = try XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite))
+        defer { defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suite) }
+        let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
+        let cache = UsdtDisplayBalanceCache(storageDirectory: directory, rpcUrl: "rpc", bundlerUrl: "bundler", defaults: defaults)
+        cache.save(.max, address: "wallet-a")
+        XCTAssertEqual(cache.balance(for: "wallet-a"), .max)
+        XCTAssertNil(cache.balance(for: "wallet-b"))
+        for (path, rpc, bundler) in [(directory.appendingPathComponent("other"), "rpc", "bundler"),
+                                     (directory, "other-rpc", "bundler"), (directory, "rpc", "other-bundler")]
+        {
+            XCTAssertNil(UsdtDisplayBalanceCache(storageDirectory: path, rpcUrl: rpc, bundlerUrl: bundler,
+                                                 defaults: defaults).balance(for: "wallet-a"))
+        }
+        cache.save(0, address: "wallet-a")
+        XCTAssertEqual(cache.balance(for: "wallet-a"), 0)
+        defaults.set(Data("invalid".utf8), forKey: "usdt_display_balance")
+        XCTAssertNil(cache.balance(for: "wallet-a"))
+    }
+
     func testBridgeRejectionsDescribeLimitsAndLiquidity() {
         let cases: [(UsdtError, String)] = [
             (.BridgeAmountBelowMinimum(minUsdCents: "200"), t("usdt__deposit_minimum", variables: ["amount": "200".usdCents])),
@@ -52,9 +95,12 @@ final class UsdtWalletManagerTests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     func testOfflineBackupDoesNotCreateAnUnusedWalletAndPreservesRestoredHistory() async throws {
+        let suite = "UsdtDisplay-" + UUID().uuidString
+        let defaults = try XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite))
+        defer { defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suite) }
         let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
         defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: directory) }
-        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, rpcUrl: nil, bundlerUrl: nil, loadCredentials: {
+        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, rpcUrl: nil, bundlerUrl: nil, defaults: defaults, loadCredentials: {
             ("test test test test test test test test test test test junk", nil)
         })
         XCTAssertFalse(manager.shouldRefresh(enabled: false))
@@ -474,12 +520,15 @@ final class UsdtWalletManagerTests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     func testEndpointChecksOwnershipAndWipeStopsCredentialReads() async throws {
+        let suite = "UsdtDisplay-" + UUID().uuidString
+        let defaults = try XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite))
+        defer { defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suite) }
         let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
         try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
         defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: directory) }
         let mnemonic = "test test test test test test test test test test test junk"
         var credentialReads = 0
-        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, loadCredentials: {
+        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, defaults: defaults, loadCredentials: {
             credentialReads += 1
             return (mnemonic, nil)
         })
@@ -506,7 +555,7 @@ final class UsdtWalletManagerTests: XCTestCase {
         } catch is CancellationError {}
         XCTAssertEqual(credentialReads, 3)
 
-        let restored = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, loadCredentials: {
+        let restored = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, defaults: defaults, loadCredentials: {
             credentialReads += 1
             return (mnemonic, "restored passphrase")
         })
@@ -517,6 +566,9 @@ final class UsdtWalletManagerTests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     func testWipeRemovesUsdtPersistenceAndStopsSession() async throws {
+        let suite = "UsdtDisplay-" + UUID().uuidString
+        let defaults = try XCTUnwrap(UserDefaults(suiteName: suite))
+        defer { defaults.removePersistentDomain(forName: suite) }
         let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(UUID().uuidString)
         defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: directory) }
         try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
@@ -530,7 +582,7 @@ final class UsdtWalletManagerTests: XCTestCase {
 
         let initializationStarted = expectation(description: "credential read started")
         var resumeInitialization: CheckedContinuation<Void, Never>?
-        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, loadCredentials: {
+        let manager = UsdtWalletManager(storageDirectory: directory, defaults: defaults, loadCredentials: {
             await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
                 resumeInitialization = continuation
                 initializationStarted.fulfill()
diff --git a/BitkitUITests/UsdtWalletUITests.swift b/BitkitUITests/UsdtWalletUITests.swift
index a53ebfa9d..645c12840 100644
--- a/BitkitUITests/UsdtWalletUITests.swift
+++ b/BitkitUITests/UsdtWalletUITests.swift
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import XCTest
 
 final class UsdtWalletUITests: XCTestCase {
-    private let forkRpcURL = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["BITKIT_TEST_USDT_RPC_URL"] ?? "http://127.0.0.1:18545"
-    private let forkBundlerURL = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["BITKIT_TEST_USDT_BUNDLER_URL"] ?? "http://127.0.0.1:18546"
-    private let offlineRpcURL = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["BITKIT_TEST_USDT_OFFLINE_RPC_URL"] ?? "http://127.0.0.1:18549"
+    private let forkRpcURL = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["BITKIT_TEST_USDT_RPC_URL"] ?? "http://127.0.0.1:1"
+    private let forkBundlerURL = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["BITKIT_TEST_USDT_BUNDLER_URL"] ?? "http://127.0.0.1:1"
+    private let offlineRpcURL = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["BITKIT_TEST_USDT_OFFLINE_RPC_URL"] ?? "http://127.0.0.1:1"
 
     @MainActor
     func testUnknownBalanceAndManualEntryUseConsistentAmountsInCommaRegion() throws {
diff --git a/changelog.d/next/1131.fixed.md b/changelog.d/next/1131.fixed.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1edc0d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/next/1131.fixed.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Show the last known Home balance while USDT balances and exchange rates refresh.
diff --git a/journeys/usdt-cached-home-balance.md b/journeys/usdt-cached-home-balance.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da45589fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/journeys/usdt-cached-home-balance.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Cached USDT Home balance
+
+This manual recipe requires a disposable wallet with an existing USDT display snapshot and cached exchange rates, plus control over its RPC and exchange-rate connectivity. Network fault injection and aged cache preparation are not provided by the standard journey environment. No payment or funding is required: an explicitly prepared display snapshot is not an on-chain balance and must be identified as such in the test report.
+
+1. Record the wallet address, network, USDT amount, BTC/USD rate and Bitcoin balances in the prepared snapshot. Keep the rate more than ten minutes old and the snapshot isolated from other wallets.
+2. With refresh endpoints unavailable, cold-launch the app and open Home. The headline must include the last known USDT conversion, the USDT tile must show the cached token amount, and `TotalBalanceUpdating` must be visible. With a positive cached balance and no activity, the empty-wallet funding prompt must stay hidden. A wallet without a usable snapshot must keep the total unknown instead of silently omitting USDT.
+3. Hide balances using the eye control. Both headline and USDT tile must remain hidden. Show them again and confirm the cached amounts are unchanged.
+4. Restore the owned fixture endpoints with a different current balance/rate. The displayed total must update and the updating indicator must disappear once both are current. Keep the balance and rate responses successful while making the history endpoint fail; the updating indicator must still clear after refresh finishes. Repeat with a failed balance read; the previous amount must remain marked as updating. Repeat with a fresh zero balance; the headline must show the Bitcoin total even without a USDT conversion rate, and an otherwise empty wallet must show its funding prompt.
+5. In a separate disposable install using different wallet credentials or network endpoints, the first wallet's snapshot must not appear. Do not reset an existing wallet to perform this check.
+6. With only an expired rate available, open an unfunded payment amount flow and attempt conversion/review without submitting. The display cache must not authorize a quote, conversion or payment that requires a fresh rate.
+
+Record the app revision, device, snapshot provenance and each observed result. A seeded display snapshot proves rendering and restart behavior; it does not prove a funded transfer, provider operation or settlement.