@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <react/renderer/graphics/Filter.h>
+
+#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
+#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * A CALayer that renders CSS backdrop-filter on iOS using a Metal pipeline.
+ *
+ * On each display, CARenderer captures the composited content behind the host
+ * view into a MTLTexture (GPU-only), then a Metal-backed CIContext applies the
+ * CSS filter chain. The result is set as the layer's contents and inserted
+ * as the first sublayer of the host view's layer so it renders behind all
+ * of the view's own content.
+ *
+ * Call setNeedsDisplay whenever the backdrop or filter functions change.
+ */
+@interface RCTBackdropFilterLayer : CALayer
+
+@property (nonatomic) std::vector<facebook::react::FilterFunction> filterFunctions;
+
+/**
+ * The UIView whose superview provides the backdrop source.
+ * Must be set before the layer renders.
+ */
+@property (nonatomic, weak, nullable) UIView *hostView;
+@property (nonatomic, weak, nullable) CALayer *hostBackgroundColorLayer;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+#import "RCTBackdropFilterLayer.h"
+
+#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+#import <React/RCTBackdropFilterUtils.h>
+#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
+
+// Layers whose host view was off-screen when -display fired. Stored as weak refs so
+// deallocated layers vanish automatically. A single CADisplayLink polls their visibility
+// every frame and calls -setNeedsDisplay once a layer scrolls into view, then stops
+// itself when the set is empty (no CPU cost while idle).
+static NSHashTable<RCTBackdropFilterLayer *> *sPendingLayers;
+static CADisplayLink *sVisibilityLink;
+
+// Shared CIContext backed by Metal. CIContext creation (MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice +
+// contextWithMTLDevice:) can take 200–500 ms on first call; pre-warming in +initialize
+// on a background queue ensures it is ready before the first -display fires.
+static CIContext *sSharedCIContext;
+
+@implementation RCTBackdropFilterLayer
+
++ (void)initialize
+{
+  if (self == [RCTBackdropFilterLayer class]) {
+    sPendingLayers = [NSHashTable weakObjectsHashTable];
+    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(QOS_CLASS_USER_INITIATED, 0), ^{
+      // CSS filter functions are defined to operate in sRGB. Forcing the working colour space
+      // to sRGB here matches Android (ColorMatrix in sRGB) and avoids vivid/saturated artefacts
+      // that occur when Core Image processes in its default linear/Display-P3 working space.
+      CGColorSpaceRef srgb = CGColorSpaceCreateWithName(kCGColorSpaceSRGB);
+      NSDictionary *options = @{
+        kCIContextWorkingColorSpace : (__bridge id)srgb,
+        kCIContextOutputColorSpace : (__bridge id)srgb,
+      };
+      CGColorSpaceRelease(srgb);
+      id<MTLDevice> device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+      CIContext *ctx =
+          device ? [CIContext contextWithMTLDevice:device options:options] : [CIContext contextWithOptions:options];
+      // Pointer-sized store is atomic on ARM64; benign race — worst case another thread
+      // creates a second context and stores it, both are valid.
+      sSharedCIContext = ctx;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+static BOOL IsHostVisible(UIView *host)
+{
+  if (!host.window) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  // Check visibility relative to the nearest scroll view ancestor so that
+  // navigation slide-in transitions (which transform the whole screen in
+  // window coordinates) don't incorrectly defer on-screen content.
+  for (UIView *v = host.superview; v != nil; v = v.superview) {
+    if ([v isKindOfClass:[UIWindow class]]) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if ([v isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]]) {
+      CGRect hostInSV = [host convertRect:host.bounds toView:v];
+      return CGRectIntersectsRect(hostInSV, v.bounds);
+    }
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
++ (void)_visibilityLinkFired:(CADisplayLink *)__unused link
+{
+  for (RCTBackdropFilterLayer *layer in sPendingLayers.allObjects) {
+    UIView *host = layer.hostView;
+    if (host && IsHostVisible(host)) {
+      [sPendingLayers removeObject:layer];
+      [layer setNeedsDisplay];
+    }
+  }
+  if (sPendingLayers.count == 0) {
+    [sVisibilityLink invalidate];
+    sVisibilityLink = nil;
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)_deferUntilVisible
+{
+  self.contents = nil;
+  [sPendingLayers addObject:self];
+  if (!sVisibilityLink) {
+    sVisibilityLink = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:[self class] selector:@selector(_visibilityLinkFired:)];
+    [sVisibilityLink addToRunLoop:[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
+  }
+}
+
+- (CIContext *)_ciContext
+{
+  if (!sSharedCIContext) {
+    // Background pre-warm hasn't finished yet; create synchronously and cache.
+    CGColorSpaceRef srgb = CGColorSpaceCreateWithName(kCGColorSpaceSRGB);
+    NSDictionary *options = @{
+      kCIContextWorkingColorSpace : (__bridge id)srgb,
+      kCIContextOutputColorSpace : (__bridge id)srgb,
+    };
+    CGColorSpaceRelease(srgb);
+    id<MTLDevice> device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+    sSharedCIContext =
+        device ? [CIContext contextWithMTLDevice:device options:options] : [CIContext contextWithOptions:options];
+  }
+  return sSharedCIContext;
+}
+
+- (void)_flushPendingDisplayInSubtree:(CALayer *)layer
+                      renderRootLayer:(CALayer *)rootLayer
+                          captureRect:(CGRect)captureRect
+{
+  if (layer == self) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  NSString *delegateClass =
+      layer.delegate ? NSStringFromClass([layer.delegate class]) : NSStringFromClass([layer class]);
+  // Match both legacy RCTParagraphTextView and Fabric RCTParagraphComponentView.
+  BOOL isTextLayer = [delegateClass containsString:@"Paragraph"];
+
+  if (isTextLayer) {
+    // Force display regardless of dirty state: recycled/first-render text views may have
+    // needsDisplay=NO with nil or stale contents. Calling display directly triggers
+    // drawRect:, which renders fresh content or clears the stale backing store.
+    [layer display];
+  } else if (layer.needsDisplay && ![layer isKindOfClass:[RCTBackdropFilterLayer class]]) {
+    [layer displayIfNeeded];
+  }
+  for (CALayer *sub in layer.sublayers) {
+    [self _flushPendingDisplayInSubtree:sub renderRootLayer:rootLayer captureRect:captureRect];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)display
+{
+  UIView *host = self.hostView;
+
+  if (!host || !host.superview || !self.superlayer) {
+    self.contents = nil;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  CGSize captureSize = self.bounds.size;
+
+  if (captureSize.width <= 0 || captureSize.height <= 0) {
+    self.contents = nil;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Lazy rendering: skip the expensive capture+filter work when the host is off-screen
+  // (e.g. scrolled below the fold). The display link re-triggers -setNeedsDisplay once
+  // the host scrolls into view, spreading cost over time instead of paying it all upfront.
+  if (!IsHostVisible(host)) {
+    [self _deferUntilVisible];
+    return;
+  }
+
+  UIView *renderRoot = host.superview;
+  for (UIView *candidate = host.superview.superview; candidate != nil; candidate = candidate.superview) {
+    // A clipping ancestor already constrains what can be seen behind the host —
+    // nothing outside renderRoot.bounds can bleed through, so there is no point
+    // walking further up the tree (and renderInContext: on a huge parent is expensive).
+    if (renderRoot.clipsToBounds) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if ([candidate isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]] || [candidate isKindOfClass:[UIWindow class]]) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if ([candidate.nextResponder isKindOfClass:[UIViewController class]]) {
+      break;
+    }
+    UIView *parentView = candidate.superview;
+    if (parentView) {
+      CGRect hostRectInParent = [host convertRect:host.bounds toView:parentView];
+      for (UIView *sibling in parentView.subviews) {
+        if (sibling != candidate && CGRectIntersectsRect(sibling.frame, hostRectInParent)) {
+          goto doneWalking;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    renderRoot = candidate;
+  }
+doneWalking:;
+
+  CGFloat scale = UIScreen.mainScreen.scale;
+  CGRect hostRectInRoot = [host convertRect:host.bounds toView:renderRoot];
+
+  [self _flushPendingDisplayInSubtree:renderRoot.layer renderRootLayer:renderRoot.layer captureRect:hostRectInRoot];
+
+  // Find the opaque background colour visible behind renderRoot so that transparent gaps
+  // in the captured image are filled with the actual screen background rather than (0,0,0,0).
+  // Without this, filters such as invert() incorrectly keep transparent areas transparent,
+  // which composites as white on the iOS screen — matching what Android (pre-filled white) does.
+  UIColor *backdropFill = nil;
+  for (UIView *ancestor = renderRoot.superview; ancestor != nil; ancestor = ancestor.superview) {
+    CGColorRef bg = ancestor.layer.backgroundColor;
+    if (bg != NULL && CGColorGetAlpha(bg) >= 1.0f - 1e-4f) {
+      backdropFill = [UIColor colorWithCGColor:bg];
+      break;
+    }
+    if ([ancestor isKindOfClass:[UIWindow class]]) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!backdropFill) {
+    backdropFill = UIColor.systemBackgroundColor;
+  }
+
+  host.layer.hidden = YES;
+
+  UIGraphicsImageRendererFormat *captureFmt = [UIGraphicsImageRendererFormat preferredFormat];
+  captureFmt.scale = scale;
+  UIGraphicsImageRenderer *captureRenderer = [[UIGraphicsImageRenderer alloc] initWithSize:captureSize
+                                                                                    format:captureFmt];
+  UIImage *backdropImage = [captureRenderer imageWithActions:^(UIGraphicsImageRendererContext *rendererCtx) {
+    [backdropFill setFill];
+    UIRectFill(CGRectMake(0, 0, captureSize.width, captureSize.height));
+    CGContextTranslateCTM(rendererCtx.CGContext, -hostRectInRoot.origin.x, -hostRectInRoot.origin.y);
+    [renderRoot.layer renderInContext:rendererCtx.CGContext];
+  }];
+
+  host.layer.hidden = NO;
+
+  CIContext *ciContext = [self _ciContext];
+  CIImage *ciImage = [[CIImage alloc] initWithImage:backdropImage];
+  CIImage *filtered = [RCTBackdropFilterUtils applyCIFilterFunctions:_filterFunctions toImage:ciImage scale:scale];
+
+  CGColorRef bgColor = host.layer.backgroundColor;
+  if (!bgColor) {
+    bgColor = self.hostBackgroundColorLayer.backgroundColor;
+  }
+  if (bgColor && CGColorGetAlpha(bgColor) > 0) {
+    CIColor *ciColor = [[CIColor alloc] initWithCGColor:bgColor];
+    CIImage *tint = [[CIImage imageWithColor:ciColor] imageByCroppingToRect:filtered.extent];
+    CIFilter *over = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CISourceOverCompositing"];
+    [over setValue:tint forKey:kCIInputImageKey];
+    [over setValue:filtered forKey:kCIInputBackgroundImageKey];
+    filtered = over.outputImage;
+  }
+
+  CGImageRef cgImage = [ciContext createCGImage:filtered fromRect:filtered.extent];
+
+  if (!cgImage) {
+    self.contents = nil;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  self.contents = (__bridge id)cgImage;
+  self.contentsScale = scale;
+  CGImageRelease(cgImage);
+}
+
+@end
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <react/renderer/graphics/Filter.h>
+
+#import <CoreImage/CoreImage.h>
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+@interface RCTBackdropFilterUtils : NSObject
+
+/**
+ * Applies filterFunctions as a chained CIFilter pipeline to image and returns
+ * the result. scale is the display scale factor used to convert CSS pixel
+ * values to device pixels (e.g. blur radius). Returns the original image if
+ * no applicable filters are present.
+ */
++ (CIImage *)applyCIFilterFunctions:(const std::vector<facebook::react::FilterFunction> &)filterFunctions
+                            toImage:(CIImage *)image
+                              scale:(CGFloat)scale;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END