diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c7c4c46d..be7958d6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -237,6 +237,26 @@ Rack::Attack.blocklist('allow2ban login scrapers') do |req|
 end
 ```
 
+#### Remaining ban time
+
+`Fail2Ban.retry_after(discriminator)` and `Allow2Ban.retry_after(discriminator)` return the number of seconds until the
+ban expires, rounded up to a whole second, or `nil` if the discriminator is not banned. Pass the same discriminator
+that was given to `filter`. It can be used to send a `Retry-After` header:
+
+```ruby
+Rack::Attack.blocklisted_responder = lambda do |request|
+  headers = {}
+  if (retry_after = Rack::Attack::Allow2Ban.retry_after(request.ip))
+    headers['retry-after'] = retry_after.to_s
+  end
+
+  [ 403, headers, ["Forbidden\n"]]
+end
+```
+
+`retry_after` also returns `nil` for bans created by previous versions of Rack::Attack, which did not store the ban
+expiration time.
+
 ### Throttling
 
 Throttle state is stored in a [configurable cache](#cache-store-configuration) (which defaults to `Rails.cache` if present).
diff --git a/lib/rack/attack/fail2ban.rb b/lib/rack/attack/fail2ban.rb
index b43c7cba..eb798851 100644
--- a/lib/rack/attack/fail2ban.rb
+++ b/lib/rack/attack/fail2ban.rb
@@ -28,6 +28,19 @@ def banned?(discriminator)
           cache.read("#{key_prefix}:ban:#{discriminator}") ? true : false
         end
 
+        # Returns the number of seconds until the ban on discriminator expires,
+        # rounded up to a whole second, or nil if discriminator is not banned.
+        #
+        # Also returns nil for bans created by versions of Rack::Attack that did not
+        # store the ban expiration time, even though banned? is true for them.
+        def retry_after(discriminator)
+          banned_until = cache.read("#{key_prefix}:ban:#{discriminator}").to_f
+          # Legacy bans store 1 instead of the expiration time
+          return if banned_until <= 1
+
+          [(banned_until - Time.now.to_f).ceil, 1].max
+        end
+
         protected
 
         def key_prefix
@@ -46,7 +59,8 @@ def fail!(discriminator, bantime, findtime, maxretry)
         private
 
         def ban!(discriminator, bantime)
-          cache.write("#{key_prefix}:ban:#{discriminator}", 1, bantime)
+          # Store the ban expiration time, since not every cache store can report the TTL of a key
+          cache.write("#{key_prefix}:ban:#{discriminator}", Time.now.to_f + bantime.to_f, bantime)
         end
 
         def cache
diff --git a/spec/allow2ban_spec.rb b/spec/allow2ban_spec.rb
index 105e0ad0..1b89788a 100644
--- a/spec/allow2ban_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/allow2ban_spec.rb
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 
         it 'is banned' do
           key = "rack::attack:allow2ban:ban:1.2.3.4"
-          _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_equal 1
+          _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_be :>, Time.now.to_f
         end
       end
     end
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 
       it 'is still banned' do
         key = "rack::attack:allow2ban:ban:1.2.3.4"
-        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_equal 1
+        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_be :>, Time.now.to_f
       end
     end
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
 
       it 'is still banned' do
         key = "rack::attack:allow2ban:ban:1.2.3.4"
-        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_equal 1
+        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_be :>, Time.now.to_f
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/fail2ban_retry_after_spec.rb b/spec/fail2ban_retry_after_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52abb738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/fail2ban_retry_after_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative 'spec_helper'
+require 'timecop'
+
+[Rack::Attack::Fail2Ban, Rack::Attack::Allow2Ban].each do |klass|
+  describe "#{klass}.retry_after" do
+    let(:key_prefix) { klass.name.split('::').last.downcase }
+    let(:ban_key) { "#{key_prefix}:ban:1.2.3.4" }
+    let(:start_time) { Time.at(1_700_000_000.4) }
+
+    before do
+      Rack::Attack.cache.store = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new
+      options = { bantime: 60, findtime: 60, maxretry: 2 }
+
+      Rack::Attack.blocklist('pentest') do |req|
+        klass.filter(req.ip, options) { req.query_string =~ /OMGHAX/ }
+      end
+    end
+
+    after { Timecop.return }
+
+    def ban
+      Timecop.freeze(start_time)
+      get '/?foo=OMGHAX', {}, 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '1.2.3.4'
+      get '/?foo=OMGHAX', {}, 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '1.2.3.4'
+    end
+
+    it 'is nil when not banned' do
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_be_nil
+    end
+
+    it 'stores the ban expiration time' do
+      ban
+
+      _(klass.banned?('1.2.3.4')).must_equal true
+      _(Rack::Attack.cache.read(ban_key)).must_equal start_time.to_f + 60
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the remaining ban time' do
+      ban
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 60
+
+      Timecop.freeze(start_time + 15)
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 45
+    end
+
+    it 'rounds partial seconds up' do
+      ban
+
+      Timecop.freeze(start_time + 0.25)
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 60
+
+      Timecop.freeze(start_time + 59.9)
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 1
+    end
+
+    it 'does not extend the ban on further requests' do
+      ban
+
+      Timecop.freeze(start_time + 30)
+      get '/?foo=OMGHAX', {}, 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '1.2.3.4'
+      get '/', {}, 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '1.2.3.4'
+
+      _(last_response.status).must_equal 403
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 30
+    end
+
+    it 'is nil once the ban expires' do
+      ban
+
+      Timecop.freeze(start_time + 61)
+      _(klass.banned?('1.2.3.4')).must_equal false
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_be_nil
+    end
+
+    it 'is nil after reset' do
+      ban
+      klass.reset('1.2.3.4', findtime: 60)
+
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_be_nil
+    end
+
+    it 'reads expiration times stored as strings by raw cache stores' do
+      Rack::Attack.cache.write(ban_key, (Time.now.to_f + 10.5).to_s, 60)
+
+      _(klass.banned?('1.2.3.4')).must_equal true
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 11
+    end
+
+    it 'is at least 1 while the ban key has not expired yet' do
+      Rack::Attack.cache.write(ban_key, Time.now.to_f - 0.5, 60)
+
+      _(klass.banned?('1.2.3.4')).must_equal true
+      _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_equal 1
+    end
+
+    [1, '1'].each do |legacy_value|
+      it "is nil for legacy bans stored as #{legacy_value.inspect}" do
+        Rack::Attack.cache.write(ban_key, legacy_value, 60)
+
+        _(klass.banned?('1.2.3.4')).must_equal true
+        _(klass.retry_after('1.2.3.4')).must_be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/fail2ban_spec.rb b/spec/fail2ban_spec.rb
index 6a9d9bcf..ff8e135b 100644
--- a/spec/fail2ban_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/fail2ban_spec.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
         it 'is banned' do
           key = "rack::attack:fail2ban:ban:1.2.3.4"
-          _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_equal 1
+          _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_be :>, Time.now.to_f
         end
       end
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
 
       it 'is still banned' do
         key = "rack::attack:fail2ban:ban:1.2.3.4"
-        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_equal 1
+        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_be :>, Time.now.to_f
       end
     end
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 
       it 'is still banned' do
         key = "rack::attack:fail2ban:ban:1.2.3.4"
-        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_equal 1
+        _(@cache.store.read(key)).must_be :>, Time.now.to_f
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/support/cache_store_helper.rb b/spec/support/cache_store_helper.rb
index 8295ac00..473cd432 100644
--- a/spec/support/cache_store_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/support/cache_store_helper.rb
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ def self.it_works_for_cache_backed_features(options)
 
         get "/"
         assert_equal 403, last_response.status
+        assert_equal 60, Rack::Attack::Fail2Ban.retry_after("127.0.0.1")
       end
     end
 
@@ -64,9 +65,28 @@ def self.it_works_for_cache_backed_features(options)
 
         get "/"
         assert_equal 403, last_response.status
+        assert_equal 60, Rack::Attack::Allow2Ban.retry_after("127.0.0.1")
       end
     end
 
+    it "expires bans" do
+      Rack::Attack.blocklist("fail2ban pentesters") do |request|
+        Rack::Attack::Fail2Ban.filter(request.ip, maxretry: 1, findtime: 30, bantime: 1) do
+          request.path.include?("private-place")
+        end
+      end
+
+      get "/private-place"
+      assert_equal 403, last_response.status
+      assert_equal 1, Rack::Attack::Fail2Ban.retry_after("127.0.0.1")
+
+      sleep 2.1
+
+      assert_nil Rack::Attack::Fail2Ban.retry_after("127.0.0.1")
+      get "/"
+      assert_equal 200, last_response.status
+    end
+
     it "doesn't leak keys" do
       Rack::Attack.throttle("by ip", limit: 1, period: 1) do |request|
         request.ip