Initial changes for reporting interface

Signed-off-by: Simeon Widdis <sawiddis@amazon.com>

Author: Swiddis

common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/sql/common/error/ErrorCode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright OpenSearch Contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.sql.common.error;
+
+/**
+ * Machine-readable error codes for categorizing exceptions. These codes help clients handle
+ * specific error types programmatically.
+ */
+public enum ErrorCode {
+  /** Field not found in the index mapping */
+  FIELD_NOT_FOUND,
+
+  /** Syntax error in query parsing */
+  SYNTAX_ERROR,
+
+  /** Ambiguous field reference (multiple fields with same name) */
+  AMBIGUOUS_FIELD,
+
+  /** Generic semantic validation error */
+  SEMANTIC_ERROR,
+
+  /** Expression evaluation failed */
+  EVALUATION_ERROR,
+
+  /** Type mismatch or type validation error */
+  TYPE_ERROR,
+
+  /** Unsupported feature or operation */
+  UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION,
+
+  /** Resource limit exceeded (memory, CPU, etc.) */
+  RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED,
+
+  /** Index or datasource not found */
+  INDEX_NOT_FOUND,
+
+  /** Query planning failed */
+  PLANNING_ERROR,
+
+  /** Query execution failed */
+  EXECUTION_ERROR,
+
+  /** Unknown or unclassified error */
+  UNKNOWN
+}

common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/sql/common/error/ErrorReport.java

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright OpenSearch Contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.sql.common.error;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Error report that wraps exceptions and accumulates contextual information as errors bubble up
+ * through system layers.
+ *
+ * <p>Inspired by Rust's anyhow/eyre libraries, this class allows each layer to add context without
+ * modifying the original exception message.
+ *
+ * <p>Example usage:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * try {
+ *   resolveField(fieldName);
+ * } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ *   throw ErrorReport.wrap(e)
+ *     .code(ErrorCode.FIELD_NOT_FOUND)
+ *     .stage(QueryProcessingStage.ANALYZING)
+ *     .location("while resolving fields in the index mapping")
+ *     .suggestion("Did you mean: '" + suggestedField + "'?")
+ *     .context("index_pattern", indexPattern)
+ *     .context("position", cursorPosition)
+ *     .build();
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class ErrorReport extends RuntimeException {
+
+  private final Throwable cause;
+  private final ErrorCode code;
+  private final QueryProcessingStage stage;
+  private final List<String> locationChain;
+  private final Map<String, Object> context;
+  private final String suggestion;
+  private final String details;
+
+  private ErrorReport(Builder builder) {
+    super(builder.cause.getMessage(), builder.cause);
+    this.cause = builder.cause;
+    this.code = builder.code;
+    this.stage = builder.stage;
+    this.locationChain = new ArrayList<>(builder.locationChain);
+    this.context = new LinkedHashMap<>(builder.context);
+    this.suggestion = builder.suggestion;
+    this.details = builder.details;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps an exception with an error report builder. If the exception is already an ErrorReport,
+   * returns a builder initialized with the existing report's data.
+   *
+   * @param cause The underlying exception
+   * @return A builder for constructing the error report
+   */
+  public static Builder wrap(Throwable cause) {
+    if (cause instanceof ErrorReport) {
+      ErrorReport existing = (ErrorReport) cause;
+      return new Builder(existing.cause)
+          .code(existing.code)
+          .stage(existing.stage)
+          .details(existing.details)
+          .suggestion(existing.suggestion)
+          .addLocationChain(existing.locationChain)
+          .addContext(existing.context);
+    }
+    return new Builder(cause);
+  }
+
+  public ErrorCode getCode() {
+    return code;
+  }
+
+  public QueryProcessingStage getStage() {
+    return stage;
+  }
+
+  public List<String> getLocationChain() {
+    return new ArrayList<>(locationChain);
+  }
+
+  public Map<String, Object> getContext() {
+    return new LinkedHashMap<>(context);
+  }
+
+  public String getSuggestion() {
+    return suggestion;
+  }
+
+  public String getDetails() {
+    return details;
+  }
+
+  /** Get the original exception type name. */
+  public String getExceptionType() {
+    return cause.getClass().getSimpleName();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Format as a detailed message with all context information. This is suitable for logging or
+   * detailed error displays.
+   */
+  public String toDetailedMessage() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+    sb.append("Error");
+    if (code != null && code != ErrorCode.UNKNOWN) {
+      sb.append(" [").append(code).append("]");
+    }
+    if (stage != null) {
+      sb.append(" at stage: ").append(stage.getDisplayName());
+    }
+    sb.append("\n");
+
+    if (details != null) {
+      sb.append("Details: ").append(details).append("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (!locationChain.isEmpty()) {
+      sb.append("\nLocation chain:\n");
+      for (int i = 0; i < locationChain.size(); i++) {
+        sb.append("  ").append(i + 1).append(". ").append(locationChain.get(i)).append("\n");
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!context.isEmpty()) {
+      sb.append("\nContext:\n");
+      context.forEach(
+          (key, value) -> sb.append("  ").append(key).append(": ").append(value).append("\n"));
+    }
+
+    if (suggestion != null) {
+      sb.append("\nSuggestion: ").append(suggestion).append("\n");
+    }
+
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert to JSON-compatible map structure for REST API responses.
+   *
+   * @return Map containing error information in structured format
+   */
+  public Map<String, Object> toJsonMap() {
+    Map<String, Object> json = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+    json.put("type", getExceptionType());
+
+    if (code != null && code != ErrorCode.UNKNOWN) {
+      json.put("code", code.name());
+    }
+
+    if (details != null) {
+      json.put("details", details);
+    }
+
+    if (!locationChain.isEmpty()) {
+      json.put("location", new ArrayList<>(locationChain));
+    }
+
+    // Build context with stage information included
+    if (!context.isEmpty() || stage != null) {
+      Map<String, Object> contextMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(context);
+      if (stage != null) {
+        contextMap.put("stage", stage.toJsonKey());
+        contextMap.put("stage_name", stage.getDisplayName());
+      }
+      json.put("context", contextMap);
+    }
+
+    if (suggestion != null) {
+      json.put("suggestion", suggestion);
+    }
+
+    return json;
+  }
+
+  /** Builder for constructing error reports with contextual information. */
+  public static class Builder {
+    private final Throwable cause;
+    private ErrorCode code = ErrorCode.UNKNOWN;
+    private QueryProcessingStage stage = null;
+    private final List<String> locationChain = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final Map<String, Object> context = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    private String suggestion = null;
+    private String details = null;
+
+    private Builder(Throwable cause) {
+      this.cause = cause;
+      // Default details to the original exception message
+      this.details = cause.getLocalizedMessage();
+    }
+
+    /** Set the machine-readable error code. */
+    public Builder code(ErrorCode code) {
+      this.code = code;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the query processing stage where the error occurred. */
+    public Builder stage(QueryProcessingStage stage) {
+      this.stage = stage;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a location to the chain describing where the error occurred. Locations are added in order
+     * from innermost to outermost layer.
+     *
+     * @param location Description like "while resolving fields in index mapping"
+     */
+    public Builder location(String location) {
+      this.locationChain.add(location);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add multiple locations from an existing chain.
+     *
+     * @param locations List of location descriptions
+     */
+    private Builder addLocationChain(List<String> locations) {
+      this.locationChain.addAll(locations);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add structured context data (index name, query, position, etc).
+     *
+     * @param key Context key
+     * @param value Context value (will be converted to string for serialization)
+     */
+    public Builder context(String key, Object value) {
+      this.context.put(key, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add multiple context entries from an existing map.
+     *
+     * @param contextMap Map of context key-value pairs
+     */
+    private Builder addContext(Map<String, Object> contextMap) {
+      this.context.putAll(contextMap);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a suggestion for how to fix the error.
+     *
+     * @param suggestion User-facing suggestion like "Did you mean: 'foo'?"
+     */
+    public Builder suggestion(String suggestion) {
+      this.suggestion = suggestion;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default details message. By default, uses the wrapped exception's message.
+     *
+     * @param details Custom details message
+     */
+    public Builder details(String details) {
+      this.details = details;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build and throw the error report as an exception.
+     *
+     * @return The constructed error report (can be thrown)
+     */
+    public ErrorReport build() {
+      return new ErrorReport(this);
+    }
+  }
+}