diff --git a/python/packages/core/agent_framework/_tools.py b/python/packages/core/agent_framework/_tools.py
index 7fa5155b951..9676d6d3788 100644
--- a/python/packages/core/agent_framework/_tools.py
+++ b/python/packages/core/agent_framework/_tools.py
@@ -304,11 +304,18 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 def _get_tool_name(tool: Any) -> str | None:
     """Extract a tool name from a tool object or dict tool definition."""
     if isinstance(tool, Mapping):
+        if tool.get("type") == "function":  # type: ignore
+            name = tool.get("name")  # type: ignore
+            if isinstance(name, str):
+                return name
+
         func = tool.get("function", None)  # type: ignore
         if func and isinstance(func, Mapping):
             name = func.get("name")  # type: ignore
             return name if isinstance(name, str) else None
+
         return None
+
     name = getattr(tool, "name", None)
     return name if isinstance(name, str) else None
 
diff --git a/python/packages/core/tests/core/test_middleware.py b/python/packages/core/tests/core/test_middleware.py
index 314860811ca..ab473306b5f 100644
--- a/python/packages/core/tests/core/test_middleware.py
+++ b/python/packages/core/tests/core/test_middleware.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     MiddlewareTermination,
     categorize_middleware,
 )
-from agent_framework._tools import FunctionTool
+from agent_framework._tools import FunctionTool, ToolTypes
 
 
 class TestAgentContext:
@@ -111,6 +111,84 @@ def test_init_with_custom_metadata(self, mock_function: FunctionTool) -> None:
         assert context.metadata == metadata
 
 
+def test_remove_flat_function_mapping_by_name() -> None:
+    """Flat Responses-style function mappings can be removed by name."""
+    lookup = {
+        "type": "function",
+        "name": "lookup",
+        "parameters": {"type": "object"},
+    }
+    tools: list[ToolTypes] = [lookup]
+
+    context = FunctionInvocationContext(
+        function=FunctionTool(
+            name="loader",
+            description="Load tools",
+            func=lambda: None,
+        ),
+        arguments={},
+        tools=tools,
+    )
+
+    context.remove_tools("lookup")
+
+    assert tools == []
+
+
+def test_add_rejects_duplicate_flat_function_mapping() -> None:
+    """Flat function mappings participate in duplicate-name checks."""
+    lookup = {
+        "type": "function",
+        "name": "lookup",
+        "parameters": {"type": "object"},
+    }
+    duplicate = {
+        "type": "function",
+        "name": "lookup",
+        "parameters": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {"query": {"type": "string"}},
+        },
+    }
+    tools: list[ToolTypes] = [lookup]
+
+    context = FunctionInvocationContext(
+        function=FunctionTool(
+            name="loader",
+            description="Load tools",
+            func=lambda: None,
+        ),
+        arguments={},
+        tools=tools,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="lookup"):
+        context.add_tools(duplicate)
+
+
+def test_remove_name_preserves_non_function_builtin_mapping() -> None:
+    """A named non-function built-in mapping is not treated as a function."""
+    builtin_tool = {
+        "type": "web_search_preview",
+        "name": "lookup",
+    }
+    tools: list[ToolTypes] = [builtin_tool]
+
+    context = FunctionInvocationContext(
+        function=FunctionTool(
+            name="loader",
+            description="Load tools",
+            func=lambda: None,
+        ),
+        arguments={},
+        tools=tools,
+    )
+
+    context.remove_tools("lookup")
+
+    assert tools == [builtin_tool]
+
+
 class TestChatContext:
     """Test cases for ChatContext."""