refactor: improve get_container_runtime timing and error handling

Address Copilot AI review feedback:

1. Fix timing precision: Use time.monotonic() deadline and sleep only
   remaining time to ensure max_wait is an actual upper bound.
   Previous implementation could exceed max_wait by up to poll_interval.

2. Add exception handling: Catch transient API errors during polling
   and continue retrying until deadline, similar to wait_for_ready().
   Log warnings for persistent errors.

3. Update docstring to document exception handling behavior.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: Rahuldrabit