Add HttpClientConfig::extraCaFile to trust extra CA certificates

SSL_CERT_FILE replaces the default store, so trusting a private CA or a
TLS-inspecting proxy meant building a combined bundle by hand. The new
field names a PEM file whose certificates are added to the default store.

It applies to the target connection and to the connection to an https://
proxy. A file that cannot be read or holds no certificate fails the
connection and the message names the path; it is not skipped. proxy_tunnel
takes the path as a trailing default argument and TlsSocket gains
set_extra_ca_file. With the field empty nothing changes.

Author: yspbwx2010

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: The hermetic tests
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          for t in test_framing test_tls_verify test_pool test_proxy test_cancel; do
+          for t in test_framing test_tls_verify test_pool test_proxy test_cancel test_extra_ca; do
             mcpp test "$t" 2>&1 | tee "$t.log"
             grep -q "^$t \.\.\. ok" "$t.log"
           done

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Unreleased
+
+### Extra CA certificates
+
+`HttpClientConfig::extraCaFile` is a path to a PEM file whose certificates are
+trusted in addition to the default store, which `SSL_CERT_FILE` can only replace.
+It is for a private CA or a proxy that re-signs TLS.
+
+* It applies wherever a trust store is built: the target, and the connection to
+  an `https://` proxy.
+* A file that cannot be read or holds no certificate fails the connection, and
+  `statusText` names the file.
+* `proxy_tunnel` takes the path as a trailing default argument, and `TlsSocket`
+  gains `set_extra_ca_file`. Nothing changes while the field is empty.
+
 ## 0.3.4
 
 A request in flight can be abandoned from another thread. Everything is added

README.md

@@ -86,8 +86,24 @@ includes in that file, or use libc++ 23 or libstdc++.
 | `maxRedirects` | 10 | 0 disables redirect following |
 | `maxResponseBodyBytes` | 64 MiB | the most `send()` will hold in memory; does not bound `download_to_file` or `send_stream` |
 | `retryOnStaleConnection` | true | resend once when a pooled connection turns out to have been closed while idle |
+| `extraCaFile` | empty | path of a PEM file of CA certificates to trust in addition to the default store, see below |
 | `proxy` | none | proxy URL, see below |
 
+### Extra CA certificates
+
+A private CA, or a proxy that re-signs TLS, is not in the default store, and
+`SSL_CERT_FILE` replaces that store instead of adding to it. Set `extraCaFile`
+to a PEM file and its certificates are trusted as well as the default ones:
+
+```cpp
+cfg.extraCaFile = "/etc/corp/root-ca.pem";
+```
+
+It applies to the connection to an `https://` proxy as well as to the target. If
+the file cannot be read or holds no certificate, the connection fails and
+`statusText` names the file. The file adds to a default store and does not stand
+in for one: with none found, the connection fails as described under `verifySsl`.
+
 ### Proxies
 
 Set `proxy` to a URL and every request is tunnelled through it with `CONNECT`:

src/http.cppm

@@ -107,6 +107,13 @@ export struct HttpClientConfig {
     // endpoints, and restricting it there would make the retry inapplicable to
     // nearly every request it exists to rescue. Set false to opt out.
     bool retryOnStaleConnection { true };
+
+    // A PEM file of CA certificates to trust in addition to the default store
+    // (`SSL_CERT_FILE`, or else the system roots), for a private CA or a proxy that
+    // re-signs TLS. It applies to the connection to an https:// proxy as well.
+    // A file that cannot be read or holds no certificate fails the connection,
+    // with the path in `statusText`. Empty means none.
+    std::string extraCaFile;
 };
 
 // Progress callback for streaming downloads: (totalBytes, downloadedBytes)
@@ -1042,10 +1049,12 @@ private:
     // connection failed: a proxy that refused the tunnel says so in its own words.
     bool open_connection(TlsSocket& sock, const ParsedUrl& parsed, std::string& error,
                          std::stop_token stop) {
+        sock.set_extra_ca_file(config_.extraCaFile);
         if (config_.proxy.has_value()) {
             auto tunnel = proxy_tunnel(parse_proxy_url(config_.proxy.value()),
                                        parsed.host, parsed.port,
-                                       config_.connectTimeoutMs, config_.verifySsl, stop);
+                                       config_.connectTimeoutMs, config_.verifySsl, stop,
+                                       config_.extraCaFile);
             if (!tunnel.ok()) {
                 error = std::move(tunnel.error);
                 return false;

src/proxy.cppm

@@ -347,12 +347,13 @@ export struct ProxyTunnel {
     }
 };
 
-// `verifySsl` is for the connection to an https:// proxy, and is the same
-// setting that governs the connection to the target.
+// `verifySsl` and `extraCaFile` are for the connection to an https:// proxy, and
+// are the same settings that govern the connection to the target.
 export ProxyTunnel proxy_tunnel(const ProxyConfig& proxy,
                                 std::string_view targetHost, int targetPort,
                                 int timeoutMs, bool verifySsl = true,
-                                std::stop_token stop = {}) {
+                                std::stop_token stop = {},
+                                std::string_view extraCaFile = {}) {
     ProxyTunnel tunnel;
     tunnel.socket.set_stop(stop);
     const std::string where = proxy.host + ":" + std::to_string(proxy.port);
@@ -369,6 +370,7 @@ export ProxyTunnel proxy_tunnel(const ProxyConfig& proxy,
     } else if (proxy.scheme == "https") {
         auto tls = std::make_unique<TlsSocket>();
         tls->set_stop(stop);
+        tls->set_extra_ca_file(std::string(extraCaFile));
         if (!tls->connect(proxy.host.c_str(), proxy.port, timeoutMs, verifySsl)) {
             // The session says why when the TCP connection was up, which is
             // where a proxy certificate that does not verify is refused.

src/tls.cppm

@@ -165,7 +165,8 @@ public:
         : socket_(std::move(other.socket_))
         , lower_(std::move(other.lower_))
         , state_(std::move(other.state_))
-        , error_(std::move(other.error_)) {
+        , error_(std::move(other.error_))
+        , extraCaFile_(std::move(other.extraCaFile_)) {
         // Re-bind BIO to point to our socket_ (not the moved-from one)
         bind_bio();
     }
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ public:
             lower_ = std::move(other.lower_);
             state_ = std::move(other.state_);
             error_ = std::move(other.error_);
+            extraCaFile_ = std::move(other.extraCaFile_);
             // Re-bind BIO to point to our socket_
             bind_bio();
         }
@@ -206,6 +208,10 @@ public:
         socket_.set_stop(std::move(stop));
     }
 
+    // A PEM file of roots to trust in addition to the default store. Call before
+    // connect(); setup fails if the file cannot be read or holds no certificate.
+    void set_extra_ca_file(std::string path) { extraCaFile_ = std::move(path); }
+
     // Connect over an already-established Socket (e.g. a proxy tunnel).
     // Takes ownership of the socket and performs TLS handshake on top of it.
     bool connect_over(Socket&& socket, const char* host, bool verifySsl) {
@@ -323,6 +329,7 @@ private:
     std::unique_ptr<TlsSocket> lower_;
     std::unique_ptr<TlsState> state_;
     std::string error_;
+    std::string extraCaFile_;
 
     // The session beneath this one, when there is one, is closed as well: a
     // failed handshake to the target leaves nothing of the tunnel open.
@@ -411,6 +418,24 @@ private:
             if (ret < 0) {
                 return fail("cannot parse the CA certificate bundle: " + mbedtls_message(ret));
             }
+        }
+        // Roots the caller adds to the above. A file that cannot be used is an
+        // error, not something to skip: the caller named it because a server
+        // needs it, and skipping would surface later as a verification failure
+        // that does not mention the file.
+        if (!extraCaFile_.empty()) {
+            std::ifstream in(extraCaFile_, std::ios::binary);
+            if (!in) return fail("cannot read extra CA file '" + extraCaFile_ + "'");
+            std::string extra((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(in)), {});
+            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(
+                &state_->ca_cert,
+                reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(extra.c_str()), extra.size() + 1);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                return fail("cannot parse extra CA file '" + extraCaFile_ + "': "
+                            + mbedtls_message(ret));
+            }
+        }
+        if (!ca_pem.empty() || !extraCaFile_.empty()) {
             mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&state_->conf, &state_->ca_cert, nullptr);
         }
 

tests/extra_ca_certs.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Two private CAs, each with one server certificate (CN=localhost, SAN localhost
+// and 127.0.0.1), for test_extra_ca.cpp. Valid for a century. The keys are here
+// on purpose: they authenticate nothing and must never be used for anything.
+//
+// Made with openssl: a self-signed CA with basicConstraints CA:TRUE and
+// keyUsage keyCertSign, and a leaf signed by it whose extensions are
+// basicConstraints CA:FALSE, extendedKeyUsage serverAuth and
+// subjectAltName DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1.
+#pragma once
+
+namespace extra_ca_test {
+
+inline constexpr const char* kCa1Pem = R"PEM(-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDLzCCAhegAwIBAgIUG2Zap6LiJwyHlkOt1Ko7G28l+DcwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+BQAwHjEcMBoGA1UEAwwTdGlueWh0dHBzIHRlc3QgQ0EgMTAgFw0yNjEwMDkwODQ3
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+v6DH
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+)PEM";
+
+inline constexpr const char* kLeaf1Pem = R"PEM(-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDTzCCAjegAwIBAgIUO+WtedkpuiIwKSiJ20nYcEG4pNQwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+)PEM";
+
+inline constexpr const char* kLeaf1KeyPem = R"PEM(-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQCPeBcoge4BnaHQ
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+zCIifQbNtFiGohWrskdamio=
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+)PEM";
+
+inline constexpr const char* kCa2Pem = R"PEM(-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDLzCCAhegAwIBAgIUe6yBH1jY6Ogs0HBiaUEsnbZlB54wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
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+x/4p
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+)PEM";
+
+inline constexpr const char* kLeaf2Pem = R"PEM(-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDTzCCAjegAwIBAgIUBQEev9nx9U9d1N63ZONvDn/2u9owDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+)PEM";
+
+inline constexpr const char* kLeaf2KeyPem = R"PEM(-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQDimIIYi2IKVKlW
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+)PEM";
+
+} // namespace extra_ca_test