rust_binder: check ownership before using vma

When installing missing pages (or zapping them), Rust Binder will look
up the vma in the mm by address, and then call vm_insert_page (or
zap_page_range_single). However, if the vma is closed and replaced with
a different vma at the same address, this can lead to Rust Binder
installing pages into the wrong vma.

By installing the page into a writable vma, it becomes possible to write
to your own binder pages, which are normally read-only. Although you're
not supposed to be able to write to those pages, the intent behind the
design of Rust Binder is that even if you get that ability, it should not
lead to anything bad. Unfortunately, due to another bug, that is not the
case.

To fix this, store a pointer in vm_private_data and check that the vma
returned by vma_lookup() has the right vm_ops and vm_private_data before
trying to use the vma. This should ensure that Rust Binder will refuse
to interact with any other VMA. The plan is to introduce more vma
abstractions to avoid this unsafe access to vm_ops and vm_private_data,
but for now let's start with the simplest possible fix.

C Binder performs the same check in a slightly different way: it
provides a vm_ops->close that sets a boolean to true, then checks that
boolean after calling vma_lookup(), but this is more fragile
than the solution in this patch. (We probably still want to do both, but
the vm_ops->close callback will be added later as part of the follow-up
vma API changes.)

It's still possible to remap the vma so that pages appear in the right
vma, but at the wrong offset, but this is a separate issue and will be
fixed when Rust Binder gets a vm_ops->close callback.

Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Fixes: eafedbc ("rust_binder: add Rust Binder driver")
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260218-binder-vma-check-v2-1-60f9d695a990@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Author: Darksonn

drivers/android/binder/page_range.rs

@@ -142,6 +142,30 @@ pub(crate) struct ShrinkablePageRange {
     _pin: PhantomPinned,
 }
 
+// We do not define any ops. For now, used only to check identity of vmas.
+static BINDER_VM_OPS: bindings::vm_operations_struct = pin_init::zeroed();
+
+// To ensure that we do not accidentally install pages into or zap pages from the wrong vma, we
+// check its vm_ops and private data before using it.
+fn check_vma(vma: &virt::VmaRef, owner: *const ShrinkablePageRange) -> Option<&virt::VmaMixedMap> {
+    // SAFETY: Just reading the vm_ops pointer of any active vma is safe.
+    let vm_ops = unsafe { (*vma.as_ptr()).vm_ops };
+    if !ptr::eq(vm_ops, &BINDER_VM_OPS) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // SAFETY: Reading the vm_private_data pointer of a binder-owned vma is safe.
+    let vm_private_data = unsafe { (*vma.as_ptr()).vm_private_data };
+    // The ShrinkablePageRange is only dropped when the Process is dropped, which only happens once
+    // the file's ->release handler is invoked, which means the ShrinkablePageRange outlives any
+    // VMA associated with it, so there can't be any false positives due to pointer reuse here.
+    if !ptr::eq(vm_private_data, owner.cast()) {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    vma.as_mixedmap_vma()
+}
+
 struct Inner {
     /// Array of pages.
     ///
@@ -308,6 +332,18 @@ impl ShrinkablePageRange {
         inner.size = num_pages;
         inner.vma_addr = vma.start();
 
+        // This pointer is only used for comparison - it's not dereferenced.
+        //
+        // SAFETY: We own the vma, and we don't use any methods on VmaNew that rely on
+        // `vm_private_data`.
+        unsafe {
+            (*vma.as_ptr()).vm_private_data = ptr::from_ref(self).cast_mut().cast::<c_void>()
+        };
+
+        // SAFETY: We own the vma, and we don't use any methods on VmaNew that rely on
+        // `vm_ops`.
+        unsafe { (*vma.as_ptr()).vm_ops = &BINDER_VM_OPS };
+
         Ok(num_pages)
     }
 
@@ -399,22 +435,24 @@ impl ShrinkablePageRange {
         //
         // Using `mmput_async` avoids this, because then the `mm` cleanup is instead queued to a
         // workqueue.
-        MmWithUser::into_mmput_async(self.mm.mmget_not_zero().ok_or(ESRCH)?)
-            .mmap_read_lock()
-            .vma_lookup(vma_addr)
-            .ok_or(ESRCH)?
-            .as_mixedmap_vma()
-            .ok_or(ESRCH)?
-            .vm_insert_page(user_page_addr, &new_page)
-            .inspect_err(|err| {
-                pr_warn!(
-                    "Failed to vm_insert_page({}): vma_addr:{} i:{} err:{:?}",
-                    user_page_addr,
-                    vma_addr,
-                    i,
-                    err
-                )
-            })?;
+        check_vma(
+            MmWithUser::into_mmput_async(self.mm.mmget_not_zero().ok_or(ESRCH)?)
+                .mmap_read_lock()
+                .vma_lookup(vma_addr)
+                .ok_or(ESRCH)?,
+            self,
+        )
+        .ok_or(ESRCH)?
+        .vm_insert_page(user_page_addr, &new_page)
+        .inspect_err(|err| {
+            pr_warn!(
+                "Failed to vm_insert_page({}): vma_addr:{} i:{} err:{:?}",
+                user_page_addr,
+                vma_addr,
+                i,
+                err
+            )
+        })?;
 
         let inner = self.lock.lock();
 
@@ -667,12 +705,15 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn rust_shrink_free_page(
     let mmap_read;
     let mm_mutex;
     let vma_addr;
+    let range_ptr;
 
     {
         // CAST: The `list_head` field is first in `PageInfo`.
         let info = item as *mut PageInfo;
         // SAFETY: The `range` field of `PageInfo` is immutable.
-        let range = unsafe { &*((*info).range) };
+        range_ptr = unsafe { (*info).range };
+        // SAFETY: The `range` outlives its `PageInfo` values.
+        let range = unsafe { &*range_ptr };
 
         mm = match range.mm.mmget_not_zero() {
             Some(mm) => MmWithUser::into_mmput_async(mm),
@@ -717,9 +758,11 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn rust_shrink_free_page(
     // SAFETY: The lru lock is locked when this method is called.
     unsafe { bindings::spin_unlock(&raw mut (*lru).lock) };
 
-    if let Some(vma) = mmap_read.vma_lookup(vma_addr) {
-        let user_page_addr = vma_addr + (page_index << PAGE_SHIFT);
-        vma.zap_page_range_single(user_page_addr, PAGE_SIZE);
+    if let Some(unchecked_vma) = mmap_read.vma_lookup(vma_addr) {
+        if let Some(vma) = check_vma(unchecked_vma, range_ptr) {
+            let user_page_addr = vma_addr + (page_index << PAGE_SHIFT);
+            vma.zap_page_range_single(user_page_addr, PAGE_SIZE);
+        }
     }
 
     drop(mmap_read);