diff --git a/build-logic/build.gradle.kts b/build-logic/build.gradle.kts
index 8acc2b4e999..01ebc0633e8 100644
--- a/build-logic/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/build-logic/build.gradle.kts
@@ -32,5 +32,9 @@ gradlePlugin {
       id = "io.sentry.spring-boot-matrix"
       implementationClass = "io.sentry.gradle.SpringBootMatrixPlugin"
     }
+    register("sentryRobolectricTestSplit") {
+      id = "io.sentry.robolectric-test-split"
+      implementationClass = "io.sentry.gradle.RobolectricTestSplitPlugin"
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/kotlin/io/sentry/gradle/RobolectricTestSplitPlugin.kt b/build-logic/src/main/kotlin/io/sentry/gradle/RobolectricTestSplitPlugin.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..58c65303232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/kotlin/io/sentry/gradle/RobolectricTestSplitPlugin.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package io.sentry.gradle
+
+import com.android.build.api.variant.HostTest
+import com.android.build.api.variant.HostTestBuilder
+import com.android.build.api.variant.LibraryAndroidComponentsExtension
+import org.gradle.api.Action
+import org.gradle.api.Plugin
+import org.gradle.api.Project
+import org.gradle.api.Task
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileTreeElement
+import org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.filter.DefaultTestFilter
+import org.gradle.api.specs.Spec
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.Test
+import org.gradle.language.base.plugins.LifecycleBasePlugin
+import org.objectweb.asm.AnnotationVisitor
+import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader
+import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor
+import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes
+import org.objectweb.asm.Type
+
+/**
+ * Splits an Android library's unit tests into two tasks, so only the Robolectric tests pay for a
+ * large heap and run in several forks:
+ * - `test<Variant>UnitTest`, the AGP task, runs the Robolectric tests. Robolectric loads an
+ *   android-all jar into each test JVM, which needs more heap than the default.
+ * - `test<Variant>JvmUnitTest` runs the rest with the Gradle defaults.
+ *
+ * A Robolectric test is a class annotated with `@RunWith` and one of [ROBOLECTRIC_RUNNERS]. The
+ * annotation is read from the class itself, not from its superclasses.
+ *
+ * With `--tests`, the AGP task runs every matching test, so the IDE can still run a plain JVM test.
+ */
+class RobolectricTestSplitPlugin : Plugin<Project> {
+  override fun apply(project: Project) {
+    project.pluginManager.withPlugin("com.android.library") {
+      project.extensions.getByType(LibraryAndroidComponentsExtension::class.java).onVariants {
+        variant ->
+        variant.hostTests[HostTestBuilder.UNIT_TEST_TYPE]?.let { split(project, variant.name, it) }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun split(project: Project, variantName: String, unitTest: HostTest) {
+    unitTest.configureTestTask {
+      it.maxHeapSize = "2g"
+      it.maxParallelForks = (Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2).coerceAtLeast(1)
+      it.doFirst(ExcludeJvmTestsUnlessFiltered)
+    }
+
+    val variant = variantName.replaceFirstChar { it.uppercase() }
+    val robolectricTestsName = "test${unitTest.name.replaceFirstChar { it.uppercase() }}"
+    val jvmTests =
+      project.tasks.register("test${variant}JvmUnitTest", Test::class.java) {
+        description = "Runs the $variant unit tests that do not use Robolectric."
+        group = LifecycleBasePlugin.VERIFICATION_GROUP
+        val robolectricTests = project.tasks.named(robolectricTestsName, Test::class.java).get()
+        testClassesDirs = robolectricTests.testClassesDirs
+        classpath = robolectricTests.classpath
+        useJUnit()
+        exclude(RobolectricTestClass(robolectric = true))
+      }
+
+    project.tasks.matching { it.name == "test" }.configureEach { dependsOn(jvmTests) }
+  }
+}
+
+private object ExcludeJvmTestsUnlessFiltered : Action<Task> {
+  override fun execute(task: Task) {
+    val test = task as Test
+    // Gradle has no public getter for the `--tests` patterns.
+    val commandLinePatterns = (test.filter as? DefaultTestFilter)?.commandLineIncludePatterns
+    if (commandLinePatterns.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+      test.exclude(RobolectricTestClass(robolectric = false))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+private val ROBOLECTRIC_RUNNERS =
+  setOf(
+    "androidx/test/ext/junit/runners/AndroidJUnit4",
+    "org/robolectric/RobolectricTestRunner",
+    "org/robolectric/ParameterizedRobolectricTestRunner",
+  )
+
+/** Matches the class files of Robolectric tests, or with [robolectric] false, all others. */
+private class RobolectricTestClass(private val robolectric: Boolean) : Spec<FileTreeElement> {
+  override fun isSatisfiedBy(element: FileTreeElement): Boolean {
+    // Never match a directory, which would exclude everything inside it.
+    if (element.isDirectory || !element.name.endsWith(".class")) {
+      return false
+    }
+    return runsWithRobolectric(element.file.readBytes()) == robolectric
+  }
+
+  private fun runsWithRobolectric(classFile: ByteArray): Boolean {
+    var found = false
+    val visitor =
+      object : ClassVisitor(Opcodes.ASM9) {
+        override fun visitAnnotation(descriptor: String, visible: Boolean): AnnotationVisitor? {
+          if (descriptor != "Lorg/junit/runner/RunWith;") {
+            return null
+          }
+          return object : AnnotationVisitor(Opcodes.ASM9) {
+            override fun visit(name: String?, value: Any?) {
+              if (value is Type && value.internalName in ROBOLECTRIC_RUNNERS) {
+                found = true
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    ClassReader(classFile)
+      .accept(visitor, ClassReader.SKIP_CODE or ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG or ClassReader.SKIP_FRAMES)
+    return found
+  }
+}
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/build.gradle.kts b/sentry-android-core/build.gradle.kts
index f78dd0c036b..e2d760c3f91 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/sentry-android-core/build.gradle.kts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ plugins {
   alias(libs.plugins.errorprone)
   alias(libs.plugins.gradle.versions)
   id("io.sentry.api-validation")
+  id("io.sentry.robolectric-test-split")
 }
 
 android {
@@ -47,9 +48,6 @@ android {
     unitTests.apply {
       isReturnDefaultValues = true
       isIncludeAndroidResources = true
-      // Robolectric loads the android-all jar into each test JVM, which needs more heap
-      // than the default.
-      all { it.maxHeapSize = "2g" }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryLogcatAdapterTest.kt b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryLogcatAdapterTest.kt
index 0c0c03d71d2..ca42381842a 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryLogcatAdapterTest.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryLogcatAdapterTest.kt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import io.sentry.SentryOptions
 import io.sentry.android.core.performance.AppStartMetrics
 import java.lang.RuntimeException
 import kotlin.test.AfterTest
+import kotlin.test.BeforeTest
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@@ -48,6 +49,12 @@ class SentryLogcatAdapterTest {
 
   private val fixture = Fixture()
 
+  @BeforeTest
+  fun `set up`() {
+    // Another test class in the same JVM may have cached app info without the DSN metadata.
+    ContextUtils.resetInstance()
+  }
+
   @AfterTest
   fun `clean up`() {
     AppStartMetrics.getInstance().clear()
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/build.gradle.kts b/sentry-android-replay/build.gradle.kts
index 6fff59a0c41..e5ea1e91c24 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/build.gradle.kts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ plugins {
   alias(libs.plugins.gradle.versions)
   alias(libs.plugins.detekt)
   id("io.sentry.api-validation")
+  id("io.sentry.robolectric-test-split")
 }
 
 android {