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+---
+type: rfc
+rfc: '710.0000'
+title: Style guide changes for enums
+description: Updates the Flutter style guide and breaking change policy for enums and enum-like classes.
+status: draft
+created: 2026-10-08T00:00:00Z
+updated: 2026-10-08T18:55:00Z
+tags:
+  - 710-style-guide
+  - 030-breaking-changes
+authors:
+  - https://github.com/chunhtai
+---
+
+# RFC 710.0000: Style guide changes for enums
+
+## Overview
+
+This document proposes updating the [Flutter repository style guide](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md) and [Flutter breaking change policy](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#handling-breaking-changes) to establish conventions for public enums and enum-like classes.
+
+* For public APIs, use a standard `enum` when the set of values is closed by nature or when consumers must handle every value exhaustively; otherwise, prefer an enum-like class with `static const` fields.
+* Adding a value to a public `enum` (or a new subtype to a public `sealed class`) breaks exhaustive switches and requires going through the breaking change process.
+* These rules apply to new APIs; migrating existing public `enum` declarations is left to case-by-case evaluation.
+
+## Context
+
+Inside the Flutter codebase, requiring exhaustive `switch` statements and expressions over `enum` values (without `default` branches) is intentional and remains unchanged. However, when external callers or `flutter/packages` switch exhaustively over a public `enum`, adding a new value breaks downstream compilation and rolls.
+
+Without a library-level convention in the style guide, public APIs in the framework are inconsistent:
+
+* `TargetPlatform` and `AppLifecycleState` are `enum` declarations even though platforms and OS lifecycle states grow over time. Adding new values breaks callers.
+* `TextInputType` and `LogicalKeyboardKey` use classes with `static const` fields to allow non-breaking additions, but the style guide does not document when or how to use this pattern.
+
+## Proposal
+
+### Non-public enums
+
+Library-private (`_`) and `@internal` enums must use a standard `enum` declaration so framework `switch` statements and expressions are exhaustively checked.
+
+### Public APIs
+
+Use the following decision order to choose between a standard `enum` and an enum-like class:
+
+1. If the set of values is closed by nature (such as `Axis` with `horizontal` and `vertical`, `VerticalDirection` with `up` and `down`, or `GrowthDirection`), use a standard `enum`.
+2. Otherwise, if consumers receiving the value from a callback, builder, or state object must handle every case because no safe fallback exists (such as `ConnectionState` in `FutureBuilder` and `StreamBuilder`, or `TextSelectionHandleType` in `TextSelectionControls.buildHandle`), use a standard `enum`.
+3. Otherwise, prefer an enum-like class with `static const` values (such as `TextInputType` and `LogicalKeyboardKey`; existing enums like `TargetPlatform` and `AppLifecycleState` also fit this category).
+
+#### Standard `enum` (exhaustive)
+
+* Provides compile-time exhaustiveness checking for `switch` statements and expressions.
+* Adding a value to a public `enum` is a breaking change and requires going through the breaking change process. The same rule applies to adding a subtype to a public `sealed class`.
+
+#### Enum-like class with `static const` values (non-exhaustive)
+
+Implement as an `@immutable` `final` class with `static const` fields
+
+* Adding a `static const` field is not a breaking change.
+* Marking the class `final` to prevent external packages from extending or implementing it.
+* Use a private `const` constructor when only Flutter defines valid values (such as a platform or lifecycle state).
+* Include a distinguishing field to prevent Dart `const` canonicalization from collapsing distinct constants into a single instance. Choose the field type based on the domain of the enum (such as `int` for hardware key codes); otherwise, prefer a `String name` field with the same value as the property name by default.
+
+##### Example: closed to external instantiation
+
+When only Flutter defines valid instances, use a private `const` constructor:
+
+```dart
+@immutable
+final class MyEnum {
+  const MyEnum._(this.name);
+
+  final String name;
+
+  static const MyEnum foo = MyEnum._('foo');
+  static const MyEnum bar = MyEnum._('bar');
+
+  @override
+  String toString() {
+    return 'MyEnum.$name';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) {
+    return other.name == name;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => name.hashCode;
+}
+```
+
+##### Example: open to external instantiation
+
+When callers may construct custom instances, use a public `const` constructor:
+
+```dart
+@immutable
+final class MyEnum {
+  const MyEnum(this.name);
+
+  final String name;
+
+  static const MyEnum foo = MyEnum('foo');
+  static const MyEnum bar = MyEnum('bar');
+
+  @override
+  String toString() {
+    return 'MyEnum.$name';
+  }
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) {
+    return other.name == name;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => name.hashCode;
+}
+```
+
+### Scope and migration
+
+These conventions apply to new public APIs. Existing public `enum` declarations that represent open sets (such as `TargetPlatform` and `AppLifecycleState`) are not migrated by this proposal and should be evaluated case-by-case, such as when adding a new value already requires a breaking change.