diff --git a/BUILD b/BUILD
index 1d800cd..a3158f3 100644
--- a/BUILD
+++ b/BUILD
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ alias(
     actual = "//score_coverage:merger",
 )
 
+alias(
+    name = "gcov_reporter",
+    actual = "//score_coverage:gcov_reporter",
+)
+
 alias(
     name = "generate_coverage_html",
     actual = "//score_coverage:generate_coverage_html",
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b7484c1..18e8423 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 
 # coverage_tool — Bazel module `score_coverage`
 
-LLVM source-based code coverage pipeline for Eclipse S-CORE: one
+Code coverage pipeline for Eclipse S-CORE, LLVM source-based on Linux and
+gcov-based for QNX on-target tests: one
 `bazel coverage` run gives one line and branch coverage report for C++ and
 Rust, untested in-scope files at exact 0 %, reviewed justifications with an
 effective-coverage metric, and a CI threshold gate.
diff --git a/defs.bzl b/defs.bzl
index ce5b882..bcff1c9 100644
--- a/defs.bzl
+++ b/defs.bzl
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ and point Bazel at them from their coverage bazelrc config:
     coverage:llvm_cov --coverage_output_generator=@score_coverage//:merger
     coverage:llvm_cov --coverage_report_generator=//tools/coverage:reporter_wrapper
 
+For gcov-based toolchains (GCC on Linux, QCC on QNX with the tests executed
+on target through score_qnx_unit_tests) a second reporter with
+backend = "gcov" and the toolchain's gcov binary is declared; the gcov
+coverage config keeps Bazel's own per-test merger:
+
+    coverage:qnx --coverage_output_generator=@bazel_tools//tools/test:lcov_merger
+    coverage:qnx --coverage_report_generator=//tools/coverage:gcov_reporter_wrapper
+
 See README.md for the complete adoption guide (toolchains, bazelrc,
 justifications, CI) and COVERAGE_GUIDE.md for how the pipeline works.
 """
@@ -51,17 +59,19 @@ score_coverage_scope = _coverage_scope
 def score_coverage_reporter(
         name,
         coverage_scope,
-        llvm_cov,
-        llvm_profdata,
+        llvm_cov = None,
+        llvm_profdata = None,
         llvm_cxxfilt = None,
         module_bazel = "//:MODULE.bazel",
+        backend = "llvm",
+        gcov = None,
         **kwargs):
     """Declare the consumer-side coverage report generator.
 
     The generated executable is passed to Bazel as
     --coverage_report_generator=//<pkg>:<name>. It wires the consumer's
-    coverage scope, workspace root and LLVM tools into score_coverage's
-    reporter.
+    coverage scope, workspace root and coverage tools into score_coverage's
+    reporter for the chosen backend.
 
     Args:
         name: Target name, referenced by --coverage_report_generator.
@@ -70,21 +80,36 @@ def score_coverage_reporter(
         llvm_cov: Label of the llvm-cov binary (the consumer's LLVM toolchain,
             e.g. "@llvm_toolchain//:llvm-cov"). Must come from the same LLVM
             major version that produced the coverage instrumentation.
-        llvm_profdata: Label of the llvm-profdata binary.
+            Required for backend = "llvm".
+        llvm_profdata: Label of the llvm-profdata binary. Required for
+            backend = "llvm".
         llvm_cxxfilt: Optional label of llvm-cxxfilt for symbol demangling
             (C++ Itanium and Rust v0/legacy). toolchains_llvm exposes it as
             "@llvm_toolchain_llvm//:bin/llvm-cxxfilt".
         module_bazel: The consumer's root MODULE.bazel, used at runtime to
             locate the real workspace root. Requires
             exports_files(["MODULE.bazel"]) in the consumer's root BUILD file.
+        backend: "llvm" (Clang / rustc coverage mapping, Linux host tests) or
+            "gcov" (GCC / QCC .gcda counters, e.g. QNX on-target tests run
+            through score_qnx_unit_tests). One reporter target per backend.
+        gcov: Label of the gcov binary matching the compiler that produced the
+            .gcno/.gcda files, e.g. "@score_qcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg//:gcov" or
+            "@score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg//:gcov". Required for
+            backend = "gcov".
         **kwargs: Common rule attributes (testonly, visibility, tags, ...).
     """
+    if backend == "llvm" and (not llvm_cov or not llvm_profdata):
+        fail("score_coverage_reporter(%s): backend \"llvm\" needs llvm_cov and llvm_profdata" % name)
+    if backend == "gcov" and not gcov:
+        fail("score_coverage_reporter(%s): backend \"gcov\" needs gcov" % name)
     _reporter_wrapper(
         name = name,
+        backend = backend,
         coverage_scope = coverage_scope,
         module_bazel = module_bazel,
         llvm_cov = llvm_cov,
         llvm_profdata = llvm_profdata,
         llvm_cxxfilt = llvm_cxxfilt,
+        gcov = gcov,
         **kwargs
     )
diff --git a/docs/architecture/index.rst b/docs/architecture/index.rst
index 12927af..ba9fdbf 100644
--- a/docs/architecture/index.rst
+++ b/docs/architecture/index.rst
@@ -23,9 +23,17 @@ Architecture
    :security: NO
    :realizes: wp__sw_implementation
 
-The pipeline replaces Bazel's two coverage hooks, ``--coverage_output_generator``
-and ``--coverage_report_generator``, with its own tools and adds a
-justification and gating layer on top. It has two phases.
+The pipeline hooks into Bazel's two coverage extension points,
+``--coverage_output_generator`` and ``--coverage_report_generator``, and adds a
+justification and gating layer on top. It has two phases and, in phase 1, two
+backends that produce the same report zip:
+
+- **llvm**: Clang and rustc coverage mapping, read with ``llvm-cov``; Linux
+  host tests, C++ and Rust.
+- **gcov**: GCC and QNX QCC ``.gcda`` counters, read with the toolchain's
+  ``gcov``; C++ only. On QNX the tests run inside QEMU through
+  ``score_qnx_unit_tests``, which carries the counters back to the host, and
+  Bazel's own per-test collector turns them into LCOV.
 
 .. uml::
 
@@ -41,6 +49,15 @@ justification and gating layer on top. It has two phases.
      (allowlist.txt\npath_map.txt\nobjects.txt\nsource files) --> [reporter.py\n--coverage_report_generator]
      [reporter.py\n--coverage_report_generator] --> (_coverage_report.dat zip\nhtml_report, lcov_report, text_report)
    }
+   package "Phase 1, gcov backend: bazel coverage --config=qnx" {
+     [GCC / QCC\n-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage] --> [test binaries (QEMU on QNX)]
+     [test binaries (QEMU on QNX)] --> (.gcda per test)
+     (.gcda per test) --> [Bazel collector\ngcov + lcov_merger]
+     [Bazel collector\ngcov + lcov_merger] --> (coverage.dat LCOV)
+     (coverage.dat LCOV) --> [gcov_reporter.py\n--coverage_report_generator]
+     (allowlist.txt\npath_map.txt\ngcno.txt\nsource files) --> [gcov_reporter.py\n--coverage_report_generator]
+     [gcov_reporter.py\n--coverage_report_generator] --> (_coverage_report.dat zip\nhtml_report, lcov_report, text_report)
+   }
    package "Phase 2: bazel run //:generate_coverage_html" {
      (_coverage_report.dat zip\nhtml_report, lcov_report, text_report) --> [generate_coverage_html.py]
      [generate_coverage_html.py] --> [justify.py]
@@ -101,6 +118,52 @@ with exact 0 % entries whose denominators come from the compiler's coverage
 map. Rust rlibs are expanded into their object members first because their
 leading ``lib.rmeta`` member makes ``llvm-cov`` reject the archive.
 
+Phase 1, gcov backend
+---------------------
+
+The gcov backend exists for toolchains that cannot emit LLVM coverage
+mapping: GCC on Linux and, the reason it was built, QCC on QNX. It changes
+the collection, not the report.
+
+1. **Compilers.** The ``coverage`` feature of the S-CORE GCC and QCC
+   toolchains adds ``-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage``; the compiler writes a
+   ``.gcno`` notes file per translation unit and the instrumented binary
+   writes ``.gcda`` counters when it exits. rustc cannot produce either, so
+   Rust sources in scope are reported as *not instrumentable* on this backend.
+2. **Execution and transport.** On Linux the test writes its ``.gcda`` under
+   Bazel's ``COVERAGE_DIR``. On QNX the test runs inside a QEMU micro-VM
+   (``score_qnx_unit_tests``, ``--run_under``); ``GCOV_PREFIX`` points the
+   counters at a guest directory, the guest tars them at exit, and the host
+   runner extracts the archive into ``COVERAGE_DIR``. From there both are the
+   same.
+3. **Per-test collection stays Bazel's.** Bazel's ``collect_coverage.sh``
+   runs the toolchain's ``gcov`` over the counters and its ``lcov_merger``
+   writes one LCOV file per test. Two properties of that collector shape the
+   backend: it maps generated ``_virtual_includes/`` paths back to the
+   declared header itself, and it keeps only files of its instrumented-files
+   manifest, which never lists sources of external repositories, so a header
+   vendored from an external repository has no data on this backend even when
+   a test executes it. Tests are instrumented as well
+   (``--instrument_test_targets``) so header-only code that only a test
+   translation unit instantiates is measured; the scope allowlist still drops
+   the test sources.
+4. **Final report.** ``gcov_reporter.py`` sums the per-test LCOV records per
+   file (the same semantics as merging profiles on the LLVM side), applies
+   the scope through the shared selection logic, and adds the zero-coverage
+   baseline: ``gcov --json-format`` over the ``.gcno`` of every in-scope
+   translation unit without its ``.gcda`` yields every line and branch at
+   zero. The ``.gcno`` files come from ``InstrumentedFilesInfo`` through the
+   scope aspect, listed in ``<name>_gcno.txt`` and carried in the reporter's
+   runfiles. gcovr renders the HTML from the merged data (one page per file,
+   under the canonical path) and the text summary; LCOV and
+   ``unmapped_files.txt`` are written as on the LLVM side.
+
+Line semantics differ between the backends and are recorded in the
+integration ground truth: gcov counts only lines the compiler emitted code
+for (no closing braces, no unused inline functions), while LLVM's mapping
+keeps unused functions at 0 %. The justification and gating layer is
+backend-agnostic; ``effective_coverage.py`` recognises gcovr's HTML layout.
+
 Phase 2: report generation and gate
 -----------------------------------
 
@@ -130,7 +193,10 @@ Module and consumer split
        manifest discovery
    * - ``score_coverage/reporter.py``
      - final merge, llvm-cov show/export/report, allowlist filtering,
-       ``--empty-profile`` baselines, rlib expansion, path normalisation
+       ``--empty-profile`` baselines, rlib expansion, path normalisation; the
+       selection, staging and path helpers shared with the gcov backend
+   * - ``score_coverage/gcov_reporter.py``
+     - gcov backend: per-test LCOV merge, ``.gcno`` baselines, gcovr HTML
    * - ``score_coverage/coverage_scope.bzl``
      - the scope aspect and rule (CcInfo and CrateInfo)
    * - ``score_coverage/reporter_wrapper.bzl``, ``defs.bzl``
@@ -151,12 +217,14 @@ Module and consumer split
    * - ``score_coverage_scope(deps = [...])``
      - names the repository's production targets
    * - ``score_coverage_reporter(...)``
-     - carries the repository's LLVM tool labels and workspace root
+     - carries the repository's LLVM tool labels (or, with
+       ``backend = "gcov"``, the toolchain's gcov) and workspace root; one
+       target per backend
    * - ``coverage_justifications.yaml``
      - reviewed, repository-specific engineering arguments
    * - MODULE.bazel toolchain blocks
      - LLVM and Ferrocene pins are per-repository decisions
-   * - the ``coverage:llvm_cov`` bazelrc block
+   * - the ``coverage:llvm_cov`` and ``coverage:qnx`` bazelrc blocks
      - bazelrc cannot be imported across modules
 
 Two wiring details make the external hosting work: every path in the generated
@@ -178,3 +246,9 @@ Design decisions
 - **In-process tool calls.** ``generate_coverage_html`` imports the justification
   tools instead of nesting ``bazel run``; this keeps one process, one exit code
   and testable seams.
+- **One report format for both backends.** The gcov backend replaces only the
+  final report step and produces the same zip layout, so phase 2, the
+  archive, the job summary and the qualification evidence are shared. Bazel's
+  per-test gcov collector is kept as it is: it is where the QNX transport
+  hands over, and re-implementing it would move the ``.gcda`` handling into
+  the qualified tool for no gain.
diff --git a/docs/manual/constraints.rst b/docs/manual/constraints.rst
index 714024a..8f54354 100644
--- a/docs/manual/constraints.rst
+++ b/docs/manual/constraints.rst
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ CSTR-01 Qualified environment
 Use the tool only in the environment it was validated in: Linux x86_64 host,
 Bazel 8.6, ``toolchains_llvm`` 1.8.0 with LLVM 22.1.7 for C++, the standard
 Ferrocene toolchain of ``score_toolchains_rust`` 0.10.0 or newer (built by
-``ferrocene_toolchain_builder`` 1.3.1 or newer) for Rust. QNX on-target coverage
-is outside this environment. Mitigates ERR-08.
+``ferrocene_toolchain_builder`` 1.3.1 or newer) for Rust; for the gcov
+backend the S-CORE GCC 12.2.0 toolchain (``score_bazel_cpp_toolchains``) on
+Linux and QCC of QNX SDP 8.0 with the tests executed through
+``score_qnx_unit_tests`` (see :ref:`CSTR-11 <cstr_coverage_qnx_transport>`).
+Mitigates ERR-08.
 
 .. _cstr_coverage_scope_list:
 
@@ -116,3 +119,19 @@ CSTR-10 Treat exit code 2 as a failed run
 
 Exit code 2 means the tool could not produce a verdict. CI must fail on it
 exactly like on exit code 1. Never map it to a pass. Mitigates ERR-03.
+
+.. _cstr_coverage_qnx_transport:
+
+CSTR-11 QNX: run the tests through score_qnx_unit_tests and keep the collector
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+On QNX the counters are written inside the QEMU guest. Only the
+``run_under_qnx`` runner of ``score_qnx_unit_tests`` (0.2.0 or newer) brings
+them back: it sets ``GCOV_PREFIX`` in the guest, archives the counters at exit
+and extracts them into Bazel's ``COVERAGE_DIR``. The QNX coverage config must
+therefore use that runner, Bazel's own per-test collector
+(``--coverage_output_generator=@bazel_tools//tools/test:lcov_merger``) and
+``--instrument_test_targets``, exactly as in the ``coverage:gcov`` block of the
+integration workspace. Check that the QNX report lists the same files as the
+Linux report of the same tree (Rust files excepted): a missing file is a lost
+transport, not a coverage result. Mitigates ERR-11.
diff --git a/docs/manual/known_problems.rst b/docs/manual/known_problems.rst
index aa5de8a..0f8a1c8 100644
--- a/docs/manual/known_problems.rst
+++ b/docs/manual/known_problems.rst
@@ -50,13 +50,25 @@ stay listed with their upstream references.
      - Exit 127 in the test log; no profraw.
      - Exclude containerised or system tests from the coverage run; they keep
        running in the regular test jobs.
-   * - **QNX on-target coverage is not supported by this tool.** The
-       orchestrator accepts only the LLVM zip report. The gcovr-based HTML
-       post-processing exists but is reachable only through the consumer-side
-       flow of the ``communication`` repository (tooling issue #427).
-     - Exit 2 with ``is not the LLVM pipeline zip report`` on a gcov run.
-     - Use the Linux host pipeline; QNX centralisation is tracked in tooling
-       issue #427.
+   * - **QNX on-target coverage covers C++ only.** rustc emits no gcov
+       counters, and the LLVM profile transport from the QEMU guest is not
+       established yet (tooling issue #427, track 2).
+     - Rust sources listed as ``not-instrumented`` in ``unmapped_files.txt``
+       of a QNX report.
+     - Measure Rust with the Linux (LLVM) run of the same tree.
+   * - **Vendored external headers have no data on the gcov backend.** Bazel's
+       per-test collector keeps only files of its instrumented-files manifest,
+       which never lists sources from external repositories, although gcov
+       itself recorded them.
+     - Such a header is ``no-data`` in a QNX report and measured in the Linux
+       report of the same tree.
+     - Known limitation of Bazel's collector; use the Linux report for those
+       headers.
+   * - **gcov and LLVM count different lines.** gcov reports only lines the
+       compiler emitted code for: unused inline functions and closing braces
+       have no line, while LLVM's mapping keeps unused functions at 0 %.
+     - Different totals for the same file on QNX and Linux.
+     - Expected; compare the two reports per file, do not merge them.
    * - **An archive is rejected by llvm-cov** because one member has no
        coverage mapping: the ``lib.rmeta`` of a Rust rlib, or the object of an
        empty translation unit.
diff --git a/docs/manual/user_manual.rst b/docs/manual/user_manual.rst
index 8e0b6ec..a77bb91 100644
--- a/docs/manual/user_manual.rst
+++ b/docs/manual/user_manual.rst
@@ -176,6 +176,75 @@ Do **not** combine ``--config=llvm_cov`` with configs that append other
 ``--extra_toolchains`` (for example a GCC host config): the last toolchain wins
 resolution and a GCC toolchain produces no covmap data.
 
+Step 4b (optional): QNX on-target coverage, the gcov backend
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+QCC is GCC-based and cannot emit LLVM coverage mapping, so QNX coverage uses
+gcov counters. The tests run inside QEMU through ``score_qnx_unit_tests``,
+which brings the counters back; Bazel's own collector turns them into LCOV;
+score_coverage's gcov reporter produces the same report zip as on Linux. C++
+only: Rust sources in scope are listed as *not instrumentable* on this
+backend and are measured by the Linux run.
+
+Declare a second reporter next to the LLVM one, with the gcov binary of the
+QCC package (add ``score_qcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg`` to the ``use_repo`` of
+the toolchain extension):
+
+.. code-block:: starlark
+
+   score_coverage_reporter(
+       name = "gcov_reporter_wrapper",
+       testonly = True,
+       backend = "gcov",
+       coverage_scope = ":coverage_scope",
+       gcov = "@score_qcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg//:gcov",
+       tags = ["manual"],  # keeps `bazel build //...` on a Linux host from fetching the QNX SDP
+   )
+
+The ``manual`` tag matters: the target depends on the QNX SDP package, and a
+wildcard build on a host without QNX credentials would otherwise fail on the
+download. ``--coverage_report_generator`` names the target explicitly and is
+not affected.
+
+and a coverage config that resets the LLVM settings, keeps Bazel's per-test
+collector and points the final step at that reporter (copy and adapt the
+``coverage:gcov`` block of ``integration_tests/.bazelrc``):
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   coverage:qnx --config=<your QNX build config>       # QCC, IFS toolchain, platforms
+   coverage:qnx --run_under=@score_qnx_unit_tests//src:run_under_qnx
+   coverage:qnx --test_lang_filters=cc
+   coverage:qnx --instrument_test_targets
+   coverage:qnx --noexperimental_use_llvm_covmap
+   coverage:qnx --noexperimental_generate_llvm_lcov
+   coverage:qnx --test_env=GENERATE_LLVM_LCOV --test_env=COVERAGE_GCOV_PATH --test_env=LLVM_PROFILE_CONTINUOUS_MODE
+   coverage:qnx --coverage_output_generator=@bazel_tools//tools/test:lcov_merger
+   coverage:qnx --coverage_report_generator=//tools/coverage:gcov_reporter_wrapper
+
+The LLVM-only rustc flags (``-Zcoverage-options=branch`` and friends) stay
+out of the way as long as they live in their own ``coverage:llvm_cov`` config,
+as in Step 4. If your workspace puts them on the bare ``coverage`` command
+instead, declare them with the list-typed
+``--@rules_rust//rust/settings:extra_rustc_flags`` and add
+``coverage:qnx --@rules_rust//rust/settings:extra_rustc_flags=`` to clear
+them: an empty value resets that list, whereas the repeatable singular
+``extra_rustc_flag`` accumulates and cannot be reset from a config.
+
+Run and report as on Linux, with the platform filter for justifications:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   bazel coverage --config=qnx //score/... --build_tests_only
+   bazel run @score_coverage//:generate_coverage_html -- --platform qnx \
+       --yaml tools/coverage/coverage_justifications.yaml --archive-dir coverage_qnx_artifacts
+
+Known differences to the LLVM backend: gcov has no lines for unused inline
+functions and for closing braces; headers a workspace target vendors from an
+external repository are not measured (Bazel's collector filters them out) and
+appear as ``no-data``; the report lists the toolchain's line semantics, not
+LLVM's, so the two reports are compared per file, not merged.
+
 Step 5 (optional): justifications
 ---------------------------------
 
@@ -259,7 +328,8 @@ Command reference
      - Subtree of ``bazel-testlogs`` whose ``test.xml`` files are archived.
    * - ``--platform linux|qnx``
      - Platform filter for justifications and default output directory
-       ``coverage_<platform>``.
+       ``coverage_<platform>``. Use ``qnx`` for reports of the gcov backend
+       produced from QNX on-target runs.
    * - ``--summary-md <path>``
      - Write the markdown summary to ``<path>`` instead of the step summary.
    * - ``output-dir``
diff --git a/docs/release/release_notes.rst b/docs/release/release_notes.rst
index db598ee..62229fc 100644
--- a/docs/release/release_notes.rst
+++ b/docs/release/release_notes.rst
@@ -23,7 +23,56 @@ Release notes
    :security: NO
    :realizes: wp__module_sw_release_note
 
-0.2.0 (unreleased)
+0.3.0 (unreleased)
+------------------
+
+In plain words
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**Coverage of tests that run on QNX.** Until now the tool measured only what
+runs on the Linux host. QNX's compiler (QCC) is GCC-based and produces gcov
+counters instead of LLVM's coverage mapping, and the tests run inside a QEMU
+virtual machine. This release adds a second *backend*: the QNX runner of
+``score_qnx_unit_tests`` brings the counters back, Bazel's own collector turns
+them into per-test data, and score_coverage's new gcov reporter produces the
+same report as on Linux: the same HTML archive, the same LCOV file, the same
+job summary, the same justifications and gate. A module declares one more
+reporter target (``backend = "gcov"``) and one bazelrc block; see the user
+manual, step 4b.
+
+What the QNX report does not contain: Rust sources (rustc cannot produce gcov
+counters; they are listed as *not instrumentable* and measured by the Linux
+run) and headers a module vendors from an external repository (Bazel's
+collector drops them; also measured by the Linux run). gcov counts lines
+differently from LLVM (no unused inline functions, no closing braces), so the
+two reports are compared per file, not merged.
+
+Validated with the S-CORE GCC toolchain on Linux, which takes exactly the same
+collection path as QCC on QNX, against a hand-derived ground truth; the QNX
+transport itself is the one ``communication`` has used since 2026.
+
+Details for integrators
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- New ``score_coverage/gcov_reporter.py`` (``//:gcov_reporter``): sums per-test
+  LCOV records, applies the scope, adds a zero-coverage baseline from the
+  ``.gcno`` notes of in-scope translation units, renders HTML and summary with
+  gcovr 8.6 (new pip dependency), writes ``unmapped_files.txt`` with the new
+  ``not-instrumented`` category.
+- ``score_coverage_reporter`` gained ``backend`` and ``gcov``; ``llvm_cov`` /
+  ``llvm_profdata`` are required only for the LLVM backend. Existing consumer
+  BUILD files need no change.
+- ``score_coverage_scope`` writes ``<name>_gcno.txt`` and exports the ``gcno`` /
+  ``gcno_files`` output groups.
+- Integration workspace: ``coverage:gcov`` config with the S-CORE GCC
+  toolchain, ``expected_lcov_gcov.dat`` ground truth, gcov checks in the
+  end-to-end script.
+- New requirements ``tool_req__coverage_scope_gcno``,
+  ``tool_req__coverage_backend_select``, ``tool_req__coverage_gcov_merge``,
+  ``tool_req__coverage_gcov_baseline``, ``tool_req__coverage_gcov_html``;
+  potential errors ERR-11 and ERR-12; constraint CSTR-11.
+
+0.2.0 (2026-09-16)
 ------------------
 
 In plain words
diff --git a/docs/requirements/potential_errors.rst b/docs/requirements/potential_errors.rst
index 1dc06bd..d12e7d8 100644
--- a/docs/requirements/potential_errors.rst
+++ b/docs/requirements/potential_errors.rst
@@ -116,6 +116,25 @@ requirements and constraints of use that mitigate the error.
      - none
      - good
      - Informational; costs review effort only.
+   * - ERR-11
+     - gcov backend: a test's counters are lost or attributed to the wrong
+       file (transport from the target fails silently, per-test records
+       merged with the wrong semantics, the baseline overwrites test data).
+     - high
+     - weak
+     - :need:`tool_req__coverage_gcov_merge`,
+       :need:`tool_req__coverage_gcov_baseline`,
+       :need:`tool_req__coverage_validation_ground_truth`,
+       :ref:`CSTR-11 <cstr_coverage_qnx_transport>`
+   * - ERR-12
+     - gcov backend: an in-scope translation unit has no counters and no
+       notes file is found, so it disappears instead of showing 0 %.
+     - high
+     - weak
+     - :need:`tool_req__coverage_scope_gcno`,
+       :need:`tool_req__coverage_gcov_baseline`,
+       :need:`tool_req__coverage_report_unmapped`,
+       :ref:`CSTR-08 <cstr_coverage_check_baselines>`
 
 Classification
 --------------
@@ -123,6 +142,7 @@ Classification
 Tool impact: **yes**. An error in the *more coverage than real* direction lets a
 violation of the structural-coverage verification requirement go undetected.
 Tool error detection before qualification: **no** for ERR-02, ERR-03 and
-ERR-07. The expected tool confidence level is therefore **TCL LOW**, and the
+ERR-07; **weak** for ERR-11 and ERR-12 (a lost per-test record on QNX is
+only noticed by comparing against the Linux report). The expected tool confidence level is therefore **TCL LOW**, and the
 qualification method of the S-CORE process, validation of the software tool,
 applies. The evaluation itself is recorded in the Tool Verification Report.
diff --git a/docs/requirements/tool_requirements.rst b/docs/requirements/tool_requirements.rst
index e2fe2d4..fbd4141 100644
--- a/docs/requirements/tool_requirements.rst
+++ b/docs/requirements/tool_requirements.rst
@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ Scope
    the scope, and a ``_virtual_includes/`` path shall be mapped only when the
    target itself generated it.
 
+.. tool_req:: gcno notes files accompany the scope
+   :id: tool_req__coverage_scope_gcno
+   :version: 1
+   :implemented: YES
+   :tags: scope, gcov, ERR-01
+   :safety: ASIL_B
+   :satisfies: stkh_req__coverage__uc_scope_completeness
+
+   ``score_coverage_scope`` shall list, in ``<name>_gcno.txt`` and the
+   ``gcno`` / ``gcno_files`` output groups, the ``.gcno`` notes files the
+   compiler wrote for the translation units of in-workspace targets (taken
+   from ``InstrumentedFilesInfo``, restricted to files the target owns), so
+   that the gcov backend can produce the zero-coverage baseline of every
+   in-scope translation unit. Under a toolchain that emits no ``.gcno`` the
+   manifest shall be present and empty.
+
 .. tool_req:: Baseline objects accompany the scope
    :id: tool_req__coverage_scope_baseline_objects
    :version: 1
@@ -260,7 +276,76 @@ Report
    HTML with branch counts), ``lcov_report/lcov.dat`` (LCOV with line and
    branch records) and ``text_report/summary.txt`` (llvm-cov text summary), with
    ``llvm-cov`` warnings kept out of the LCOV data. When no valid per-test
-   output exists, the output shall be an empty zip.
+   output exists, the output shall be an empty zip. The gcov backend shall
+   produce the same layout (see :need:`tool_req__coverage_gcov_html`).
+
+.. tool_req:: Backend selection
+   :id: tool_req__coverage_backend_select
+   :version: 1
+   :implemented: YES
+   :tags: report, gcov, ERR-08
+   :safety: ASIL_B
+   :satisfies: stkh_req__coverage__uc_unified_report
+
+   ``score_coverage_reporter`` shall accept ``backend = "llvm"`` (default,
+   requires ``llvm_cov`` and ``llvm_profdata``) or ``backend = "gcov"``
+   (requires ``gcov``, the binary of the compiler that produced the counters)
+   and shall fail at analysis time when the tools of the selected backend are
+   missing, so that a coverage configuration can never silently run without a
+   matching reporter.
+
+.. tool_req:: gcov backend merges per-test LCOV records by summation
+   :id: tool_req__coverage_gcov_merge
+   :version: 1
+   :implemented: YES
+   :tags: report, gcov, ERR-02
+   :safety: ASIL_B
+   :satisfies: stkh_req__coverage__uc_unified_report
+
+   The gcov reporter shall read every per-test LCOV file Bazel's collector
+   lists (ignoring ``baseline_coverage.dat``), shall normalise ``SF:`` paths
+   as the LLVM reporter does (workspace root, ``/proc/self/cwd/``,
+   configuration prefix, path map, virtual-include trees of targets outside
+   the scope), and shall merge records of the same file by adding line,
+   branch and function execution counts across tests; a branch recorded as
+   never reached (``-``) in every test shall stay so. The scope allowlist
+   shall be applied through the same selection as the LLVM backend.
+
+.. tool_req:: gcov backend baseline from gcno notes
+   :id: tool_req__coverage_gcov_baseline
+   :version: 1
+   :implemented: YES
+   :tags: report, gcov, ERR-01
+   :safety: ASIL_B
+   :satisfies: stkh_req__coverage__uc_scope_completeness
+
+   For every allowlisted file that has no per-test data, the gcov reporter
+   shall run ``gcov --json-format --stdout --branch-probabilities`` over the
+   ``.gcno`` files of the scope and include the file with every reported line,
+   branch and function at zero, so that the LCOV record shows ``LH:0``.
+   Baseline data shall never be added to a file that has test data. A
+   ``.gcno`` listed in the manifest but missing shall be an error; a ``gcov``
+   failure on one notes file shall be reported and shall not abort the run.
+   A source whose ``.gcno`` exists but that yields no lines shall be
+   categorised as compiled without code, and allowlisted Rust sources shall
+   be categorised as not instrumentable
+   (:need:`tool_req__coverage_report_unmapped`).
+
+.. tool_req:: gcov backend HTML and summary through gcovr
+   :id: tool_req__coverage_gcov_html
+   :version: 1
+   :implemented: YES
+   :tags: report, gcov
+   :safety: QM
+   :satisfies: stkh_req__coverage__uc_unified_report
+
+   The gcov reporter shall render ``html_report/`` with gcovr from the merged
+   data (``index.html`` plus one page per file with branch information, the
+   sources staged under their canonical paths) and ``text_report/summary.txt``
+   from the same data, and shall write ``lcov_report/lcov.dat`` and
+   ``text_report/unmapped_files.txt`` in the same format as the LLVM backend,
+   so that ``generate_coverage_html``, the justification layer and the archive
+   need no backend-specific handling.
 
 Justifications
 --------------
diff --git a/docs/verification/verification_report.rst b/docs/verification/verification_report.rst
index 0820bdc..27de616 100644
--- a/docs/verification/verification_report.rst
+++ b/docs/verification/verification_report.rst
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ Scope and environment
 Validated environment: Linux x86_64, Bazel 8.6.0, ``toolchains_llvm`` 1.8.0
 with LLVM 22.1.7, ``score_toolchains_rust`` 0.10.0 (Ferrocene built by
 ``ferrocene_toolchain_builder`` 1.3.1), Python 3.12 (``rules_python`` 1.8.5), ``rules_rust`` 0.68.2-score.
+gcov backend: ``score_bazel_cpp_toolchains`` 1.0.3 with GCC 12.2.0 on Linux,
+gcovr 8.6. The QNX transport (QCC of QNX SDP 8.0, ``score_qnx_unit_tests``
+0.2.0 under QEMU) is the collection path of the ``communication`` repository
+and is not exercised by this repository's CI; it is validated on a consumer
+(see the release notes of the validating release).
 
 Test inventory
 --------------
@@ -52,12 +57,16 @@ Test inventory
      - report_merged_profile, report_allowlist, report_baseline_zero,
        report_rlib_expansion, report_missing_baseline, report_relative_paths,
        report_outputs, report_unmapped, scope_transitive
+   * - ``//score_coverage/tests:gcov_reporter_test``
+     - 21
+     - gcov_merge, gcov_baseline, gcov_html, report_relative_paths,
+       report_baseline_zero, report_allowlist, report_unmapped, report_outputs
    * - ``//score_coverage/tests:justify_test``
      - 55
      - just_yaml, just_markers, just_unknown_id, just_platform,
        just_missing_file
    * - ``//score_coverage/tests:effective_coverage_test``
-     - 52
+     - 53
      - eff_metric, eff_stale, eff_branch_only, eff_path_match, eff_html,
        eff_gcovr
    * - ``//score_coverage/tests:generate_coverage_html_test``
@@ -67,14 +76,15 @@ Test inventory
    * - ``//score_coverage/tests:coverage_summary_test``
      - 19
      - summary_first
-   * - ``//score_coverage/tests/starlark:coverage_scope_tests`` (13 analysis tests)
-     - 13
-     - scope_transitive, scope_excludes, scope_baseline_objects
-   * - ``integration_tests/run_integration_test.sh`` (19 end-to-end checks)
-     - 19
+   * - ``//score_coverage/tests/starlark:coverage_scope_tests`` (14 analysis tests)
+     - 14
+     - scope_transitive, scope_excludes, scope_baseline_objects, scope_gcno
+   * - ``integration_tests/run_integration_test.sh`` (22 end-to-end checks)
+     - 22
      - validation_ground_truth, report_baseline_zero, report_relative_paths,
-       report_allowlist, report_unmapped, gate_exit_codes, gate_no_verdict,
-       just_unknown_id, artifacts, summary_first
+       report_allowlist, report_unmapped, gcov_merge, gcov_baseline, gcov_html,
+       gate_exit_codes, gate_no_verdict, just_unknown_id, artifacts,
+       summary_first
 
 Requirement coverage
 --------------------
diff --git a/integration_tests/.bazelrc b/integration_tests/.bazelrc
index 22291f9..53ac122 100644
--- a/integration_tests/.bazelrc
+++ b/integration_tests/.bazelrc
@@ -76,3 +76,24 @@ coverage:llvm_cov --@rules_rust//rust/settings:extra_rustc_flag=-Clink-dead-code
 # use is a rolling (nightly-based) build. If you pin a stable-channel
 # Ferrocene release, drop this flag (losing the Rust branch column).
 coverage:llvm_cov --@rules_rust//rust/settings:extra_rustc_flag=-Zcoverage-options=branch
+
+# ============================================================================
+# gcov backend (GCC on Linux; the same collection path QNX/QCC uses on target)
+# ============================================================================
+# Use with: bazel coverage --config=gcov //src/... --build_tests_only
+coverage:gcov --nocache_test_results
+coverage:gcov --cxxopt=-O0
+coverage:gcov --combined_report=lcov
+coverage:gcov --dynamic_mode=off
+coverage:gcov --host_platform=@score_bazel_platforms//:x86_64-linux-gcc_12.2.0-posix
+coverage:gcov --platforms=@score_bazel_platforms//:x86_64-linux-gcc_12.2.0-posix
+coverage:gcov --extra_toolchains=@score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain//:x86_64-linux-gcc_12.2.0
+# Bazel's own per-test gcov collector and LCOV merger; score_coverage takes
+# over at the final report step.
+coverage:gcov --coverage_output_generator=@bazel_tools//tools/test:lcov_merger
+coverage:gcov --coverage_report_generator=//tools/coverage:gcov_reporter_wrapper
+coverage:gcov --test_lang_filters=cc
+# Bazel's gcov collector only keeps data of instrumented targets. Instrument
+# the tests too so header-only code that only a test translation unit
+# instantiates is measured (the scope allowlist still drops the test sources).
+coverage:gcov --instrument_test_targets
diff --git a/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel b/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel
index f7e0483..8201f2d 100644
--- a/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel
+++ b/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel
@@ -44,6 +44,22 @@ python.toolchain(
 # Coverage toolchains (only active during `bazel coverage --config=llvm_cov`)
 # *******************************************************************************
 
+# gcov backend: the S-CORE GCC toolchain compiles with -fprofile-arcs
+# -ftest-coverage and Bazel's own collector runs its gcov, exactly the path a
+# QNX (QCC) on-target run takes; only the QEMU transport differs.
+bazel_dep(name = "score_bazel_platforms", version = "1.1.0", dev_dependency = True)
+bazel_dep(name = "score_bazel_cpp_toolchains", version = "1.0.3", dev_dependency = True)
+
+gcc = use_extension("@score_bazel_cpp_toolchains//extensions:gcc.bzl", "gcc", dev_dependency = True)
+gcc.toolchain(
+    name = "score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain",
+    target_cpu = "x86_64",
+    target_os = "linux",
+    use_default_package = True,
+    version = "12.2.0",
+)
+use_repo(gcc, "score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain", "score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg")
+
 bazel_dep(name = "score_toolchains_rust", version = "0.10.0", dev_dependency = True)
 bazel_dep(name = "toolchains_llvm", version = "1.8.0", dev_dependency = True)
 
diff --git a/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel.lock b/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel.lock
index 2d25a5a..36921ae 100644
--- a/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel.lock
+++ b/integration_tests/MODULE.bazel.lock
@@ -10,24 +10,54 @@
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/abseil-cpp/20230802.1/MODULE.bazel": "fa92e2eb41a04df73cdabeec37107316f7e5272650f81d6cc096418fe647b915",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/abseil-cpp/20240116.1/MODULE.bazel": "37bcdb4440fbb61df6a1c296ae01b327f19e9bb521f9b8e26ec854b6f97309ed",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/abseil-cpp/20240116.1/source.json": "9be551b8d4e3ef76875c0d744b5d6a504a27e3ae67bc6b28f46415fd2d2957da",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/ape/1.0.1/MODULE.bazel": "37411cfd13bfc28cd264674d660a3ecb3b5b35b9dbe4c0b2be098683641b3fee",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/ape/1.0.1/source.json": "96bc5909d1e3ccc4203272815ef874dbfd99651e240c05049f12193d16c1110b",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/apple_support/1.17.1/MODULE.bazel": "655c922ab1209978a94ef6ca7d9d43e940cd97d9c172fb55f94d91ac53f8610b",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/apple_support/1.23.1/MODULE.bazel": "53763fed456a968cf919b3240427cf3a9d5481ec5466abc9d5dc51bc70087442",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/apple_support/1.24.1/MODULE.bazel": "f46e8ddad60aef170ee92b2f3d00ef66c147ceafea68b6877cb45bd91737f5f8",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/apple_support/1.24.1/source.json": "cf725267cbacc5f028ef13bb77e7f2c2e0066923a4dab1025e4a0511b1ed258a",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/1.31.2/MODULE.bazel": "7bee702b4862612f29333590f4b658a5832d433d6f8e4395f090e8f4e85d442f",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/1.38.0/MODULE.bazel": "6307fec451ba9962c1c969eb516ebfe1e46528f7fa92e1c9ac8646bef4cdaa3f",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/1.42.2/MODULE.bazel": "2e0d8ab25c57a14f56ace1c8e881b69050417ff91b2fb7718dc00d201f3c3478",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.0.0/MODULE.bazel": "e118477db5c49419a88d78ebc7a2c2cea9d49600fe0f490c1903324a2c16ecd9",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.14.0/MODULE.bazel": "2b31ffcc9bdc8295b2167e07a757dbbc9ac8906e7028e5170a3708cecaac119f",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.16.0/MODULE.bazel": "852f9ebbda017572a7c113a2434592dd3b2f55cd9a0faea3d4be5a09a59e4900",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.19.3/MODULE.bazel": "253d739ba126f62a5767d832765b12b59e9f8d2bc88cc1572f4a73e46eb298ca",
-    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.19.3/source.json": "ffab9254c65ba945f8369297ad97ca0dec213d3adc6e07877e23a48624a8b456",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.20.0/MODULE.bazel": "c5565bac49e1973227225b441fad1c938d498d83df62dc5da95b2fab0f0626a2",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.22.0/MODULE.bazel": "7fe0191f047d4fe4a4a46c1107e2350cbb58a8fc2e10913aa4322d3190dec0bf",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.22.0/source.json": "369df5b7f2eae82f200fff95cf1425f90dee90a0d0948122060b48150ff0e224",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.7.7/MODULE.bazel": "491f8681205e31bb57892d67442ce448cda4f472a8e6b3dc062865e29a64f89c",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.8.1/MODULE.bazel": "812d2dd42f65dca362152101fbec418029cc8fd34cbad1a2fde905383d705838",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_bazel_lib/2.9.4/MODULE.bazel": "ccc41028429f894b02fde7ef67d416cba3ba5084ed9ddb9bb6107aa82d118776",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_js/1.33.1/MODULE.bazel": "db3e7f16e471cf6827059d03af7c21859e7a0d2bc65429a3a11f005d46fc501b",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_js/1.40.0/MODULE.bazel": "01a1014e95e6816b68ecee2584ae929c7d6a1b72e4333ab1ff2d2c6c30babdf1",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_js/1.40.0/source.json": "b6fd491369e9ef888fdef64b839023a2360caaea8eb370d2cfbfdd2a96721311",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/0.12.0/MODULE.bazel": "e767c5dbfeb254ec03275a7701b5cfde2c4d2873676804bc7cb27ddff3728fed",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/1.0.3/MODULE.bazel": "ed0fe929647ba21d2041e14ea3d757133ca306b72d4998e8a3d0d2f515196765",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/1.3.1/MODULE.bazel": "06ce330900a7d6403bc8d88e5dfad6aeeb8ae40179f66bb89e69c8bf6f6b1a0b",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/1.4.2/MODULE.bazel": "78d025facf6fa675fd6f0b62fd6a9a2bec7ef5ae1e288e5b53f4383b98017105",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/1.4.4/MODULE.bazel": "24459eeeeb084bc3e7628c338e494746718bc17b3a3cbd94415c8df5c7c6dc37",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/1.5.3/MODULE.bazel": "7fee71b11be63f1cf0458cd8c731712a0e672d0bb6df8879ed70249bf8dfdfdc",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/2.3.0/MODULE.bazel": "4d36bce3c1347bb4fed5906877dce0e683cb207f4032711aff32334003bcf835",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_lint/2.3.0/source.json": "07c6e7333ac089e2428a02d68deb5f90e3947aa9b9ac22c26b9e8b0083122926",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_py/1.0.0/MODULE.bazel": "8eb29876512d3242af50a424300bec5c5f8957b455963df5f618cb7fd4e8ae19",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_py/1.4.0/MODULE.bazel": "6fd29b93207a31445d5d3ab9d9882fd5511e43c95e8e82e7492872663720fd44",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_rules_py/1.4.0/source.json": "fb1ba946478fb6dbb26d49307d756b0fd2ff88be339af23c39c0397d59143d2c",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_tools_telemetry/0.2.5/MODULE.bazel": "5a3c8013c3ba9ebc0a65efda40e4376b869e1260873c98020504feed55244ce8",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_tools_telemetry/0.2.8/MODULE.bazel": "aa975a83e72bcaac62ee61ab12b788ea324a1d05c4aab28aadb202f647881679",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/aspect_tools_telemetry/0.2.8/source.json": "786cbc49377fb6bf4859aec5b1c61f8fc26b08e9fdb929e2dde2e1e2a406bd24",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/0.1.0/MODULE.bazel": "47011d645b0f949f42ee67f2e8775188a9cf4a0a1528aa2fa4952f2fd00906fd",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.0.0/MODULE.bazel": "d7f022dc887efb96e1ee51cec7b2e48d41e36ff59a6e4f216c40e4029e1585bf",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.1.0/MODULE.bazel": "cfd42ff3b815a5f39554d97182657f8c4b9719568eb7fded2b9135f084bf760b",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.1.1/MODULE.bazel": "27b8c79ef57efe08efccbd9dd6ef70d61b4798320b8d3c134fd571f78963dbcd",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.10.0/MODULE.bazel": "f75e8807570484a99be90abcd52b5e1f390362c258bcb73106f4544957a48101",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.11.0/MODULE.bazel": "f9382337dd5a474c3b7d334c2f83e50b6eaedc284253334cf823044a26de03e8",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.13.0/MODULE.bazel": "c14c33c7c3c730612bdbe14ebbb5e61936b6f11322ea95a6e91cd1ba962f94df",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.15.0/MODULE.bazel": "d38ff6e517149dc509406aca0db3ad1efdd890a85e049585b7234d04238e2a4d",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.17.0/MODULE.bazel": "039de32d21b816b47bd42c778e0454217e9c9caac4a3cf8e15c7231ee3ddee4d",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.18.0/MODULE.bazel": "1be0ae2557ab3a72a57aeb31b29be347bcdc5d2b1eb1e70f39e3851a7e97041a",
     "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.19.0/MODULE.bazel": "59adcdf28230d220f0067b1f435b8537dd033bfff8db21335ef9217919c7fb58",
+    "https://bcr.bazel.build/modules/bazel_features/1.2.0/MODULE.bazel": "122b2b606622afbaa498913d54f52d9bcd2d19a5edd1bd6d6c5aa17441c4d5f9",
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+              "node_repositories": {},
+              "node_urls": [
+                "https://nodejs.org/dist/v{version}/{filename}"
+              ],
+              "node_version": "20.19.5",
+              "include_headers": false,
+              "platform": "windows_amd64"
+            }
+          },
+          "nodejs_windows_arm64": {
+            "repoRuleId": "@@rules_nodejs+//nodejs:repositories.bzl%_nodejs_repositories",
+            "attributes": {
+              "node_download_auth": {},
+              "node_repositories": {},
+              "node_urls": [
+                "https://nodejs.org/dist/v{version}/{filename}"
+              ],
+              "node_version": "20.19.5",
+              "include_headers": false,
+              "platform": "windows_arm64"
+            }
+          },
+          "nodejs": {
+            "repoRuleId": "@@rules_nodejs+//nodejs/private:nodejs_repo_host_os_alias.bzl%nodejs_repo_host_os_alias",
+            "attributes": {
+              "user_node_repository_name": "nodejs"
+            }
+          },
+          "nodejs_host": {
+            "repoRuleId": "@@rules_nodejs+//nodejs/private:nodejs_repo_host_os_alias.bzl%nodejs_repo_host_os_alias",
+            "attributes": {
+              "user_node_repository_name": "nodejs"
+            }
+          },
+          "nodejs_toolchains": {
+            "repoRuleId": "@@rules_nodejs+//nodejs/private:nodejs_toolchains_repo.bzl%nodejs_toolchains_repo",
+            "attributes": {
+              "user_node_repository_name": "nodejs"
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "recordedRepoMappingEntries": []
+      }
+    },
     "@@rules_python+//python/extensions:config.bzl%config": {
       "general": {
         "bzlTransitiveDigest": "TRGIl0CDmorwyNiblOYyhWuyKzi/kWFHT2uIofq7o9Y=",
@@ -1104,6 +1579,73 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    "@@score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+//extensions:gcc.bzl%gcc": {
+      "general": {
+        "bzlTransitiveDigest": "q6hXvCt3So3esFot1br87pd7Z5ujulkjUapUbRlUeIw=",
+        "usagesDigest": "xe0RtHWGop4THD+lVZwU1Y4SpIPhmJT5e00KimEwlT0=",
+        "recordedFileInputs": {},
+        "recordedDirentsInputs": {},
+        "envVariables": {},
+        "generatedRepoSpecs": {
+          "score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg": {
+            "repoRuleId": "@@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl%http_archive",
+            "attributes": {
+              "urls": [
+                "https://github.com/eclipse-score/toolchains_gcc_packages/releases/download/v0.0.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu_gcc12.tar.gz"
+              ],
+              "build_file": "@@score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+//packages/linux/x86_64/gcc/12.2.0:gcc.BUILD",
+              "patch_cmds": [],
+              "sha256": "e9b9a7a63a5f8271b76d6e2057906b95c7a244e4931a8e10edeaa241e9f7c11e",
+              "strip_prefix": "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+            }
+          },
+          "score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain": {
+            "repoRuleId": "@@score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+//rules:gcc.bzl%gcc_toolchain",
+            "attributes": {
+              "extra_compile_flags": [],
+              "extra_c_compile_flags": [],
+              "extra_cxx_compile_flags": [],
+              "extra_known_features": [],
+              "extra_enabled_features": [],
+              "extra_link_flags": [],
+              "license_info_variable": "",
+              "license_info_value": "",
+              "license_path": "/opt/score_qnx/license/licenses",
+              "sdk_version": "",
+              "sdp_version": "",
+              "tc_compiler_library_search_paths": [],
+              "tc_cpu": "x86_64",
+              "tc_identifier": "gcc_12.2.0",
+              "tc_os": "linux",
+              "tc_pkg_repo": "score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg",
+              "tc_system_toolchain": false,
+              "tc_runtime_ecosystem": "",
+              "gcc_version": "12.2.0",
+              "cc_toolchain_config": "@@score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+//templates/linux:cc_toolchain_config.bzl.template",
+              "cc_toolchain_flags": "@@score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+//templates/linux:cc_toolchain_flags.bzl.template",
+              "use_base_constraints_only": false
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "recordedRepoMappingEntries": [
+          [
+            "bazel_tools",
+            "rules_cc",
+            "rules_cc+"
+          ],
+          [
+            "score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+",
+            "bazel_tools",
+            "bazel_tools"
+          ],
+          [
+            "score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+",
+            "score_bazel_cpp_toolchains",
+            "score_bazel_cpp_toolchains+"
+          ]
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     "@@score_toolchains_rust+//extensions:ferrocene_toolchain_ext.bzl%ferrocene_rules_rust_miri_toolchain_ext": {
       "general": {
         "bzlTransitiveDigest": "9k8SLwP4ec9xXjFivq0Kn0FradTQhcEA+j/WsLxfVPM=",
diff --git a/integration_tests/expected_lcov_gcov.dat b/integration_tests/expected_lcov_gcov.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60aa33d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/expected_lcov_gcov.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# *******************************************************************************
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Contributors to the Eclipse Foundation
+#
+# See the NOTICE file(s) distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+#
+# This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+# terms of the Apache License Version 2.0 which is available at
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# *******************************************************************************
+# Ground truth for the gcov backend (GCC 12.2.0, the collection path QNX/QCC
+# takes on target), derived BY HAND from the fixture sources and
+# coverable_test, which is the only test of `bazel coverage --config=gcov
+# //src/...`. Compared like expected_lcov.dat: function records are ignored,
+# one record per file. gcov semantics differ from LLVM's: a line is counted
+# when the compiler emitted code for it (no closing braces, no lines of
+# functions it never emitted), and BRDA lists both directions of every
+# conditional jump.
+#
+# src/coverable.cpp classify() called with -5 and 0: entry (17) and the first
+#                  condition (18) twice; `negative` (19) once; the second
+#                  condition (21) and `zero` (22) once; `positive` (24) never.
+#                  Branches: 18 true and false both taken, 21 true taken and
+#                  false not => 3 of 4.
+# src/uncovered.cpp never linked into a test: every line 0 from the gcno
+#                  baseline (17, 18, 19, 21), both branch directions of 18
+#                  at 0 (gcov reports 0, not '-', for a notes-only run).
+# src/vendored/include/vendored/inline_math.h
+#                  twice() (18-19) called once from the test; never_inlined()
+#                  is an unused inline function, GCC emits no code for it, so
+#                  gcov has no lines for 22-24 (the LLVM backend reports them
+#                  at 0). Reported under the declared path although the test
+#                  compiles it through the vendored_math_internal twin target.
+# (absent)         external/itest_external+/include/vext/vext.h: gcov records
+#                  the header, but Bazel's per-test merger keeps only files of
+#                  its instrumented-files manifest, which never lists sources
+#                  of external repositories; the file is listed as no-data.
+# (absent)         src/empty_unit.cpp (compiled without code), src/unused_api.h
+#                  (no data), rust/*.rs (not instrumentable by gcov),
+#                  extlib.cpp / extlib.h (out of scope), the test source.
+SF:src/coverable.cpp
+DA:17,2
+DA:18,2
+DA:19,1
+DA:21,1
+DA:22,1
+DA:24,0
+BRDA:18,0,0,1
+BRDA:18,0,1,1
+BRDA:21,0,0,1
+BRDA:21,0,1,0
+BRF:4
+BRH:3
+LF:6
+LH:5
+end_of_record
+SF:src/uncovered.cpp
+DA:17,0
+DA:18,0
+DA:19,0
+DA:21,0
+BRDA:18,0,0,0
+BRDA:18,0,1,0
+BRF:2
+BRH:0
+LF:4
+LH:0
+end_of_record
+SF:src/vendored/include/vendored/inline_math.h
+DA:18,1
+DA:19,1
+LF:2
+LH:2
+end_of_record
diff --git a/integration_tests/run_integration_test.sh b/integration_tests/run_integration_test.sh
index 44a9e3d..c5c23ec 100755
--- a/integration_tests/run_integration_test.sh
+++ b/integration_tests/run_integration_test.sh
@@ -289,5 +289,63 @@ fi
 rm -rf typo_dir typo.log
 echo "OK: unknown justification id is reported and does not count"
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# gcov backend: GCC toolchain, Bazel's own per-test collector, score_coverage's
+# gcov reporter. The same path a QNX (QCC) on-target run takes; only the QEMU
+# transport of score_qnx_unit_tests differs.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+echo "=== gcov backend: coverage build with the GCC toolchain ==="
+bazel coverage --config=gcov //src/... --build_tests_only
+
+echo "=== gcov backend: gate, HTML, archive ==="
+rm -rf gcov_artifacts_dir
+if COVERAGE_THRESHOLD=100 bazel run @score_coverage//:generate_coverage_html -- \
+    --yaml "${YAML}" --archive-dir gcov_artifacts_dir --summary-md gcov_summary.md coverage_gcov > gcov_run.log 2>&1; then
+  cat gcov_run.log
+  echo "ERROR: gcov gate passed at threshold 100 despite uncovered files" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+grep -q "Effective coverage" gcov_run.log || { cat gcov_run.log; echo "ERROR: gcov run did not reach the gate" >&2; exit 1; }
+COVERAGE_THRESHOLD=10 bazel run @score_coverage//:generate_coverage_html -- \
+    --yaml "${YAML}" --archive-dir gcov_artifacts_dir --summary-md gcov_summary.md coverage_gcov
+echo "OK: gcov gate fails at 100 and passes at 10"
+
+echo "=== gcov backend: LCOV must match the hand-verified ground truth ==="
+normalise_lcov gcov_artifacts_dir/coverage_report.dat > actual_gcov.dat
+grep -v '^#' expected_lcov_gcov.dat | normalise_lcov /dev/stdin > expected_gcov.dat
+if ! diff -u expected_gcov.dat actual_gcov.dat; then
+  echo "ERROR: gcov coverage data differs from expected_lcov_gcov.dat (see diff above)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+rm -f actual_gcov.dat expected_gcov.dat
+echo "OK: gcov LCOV matches the ground truth"
+
+echo "=== gcov backend: every index link opens; justification applied; categories ==="
+GHTML="gcov_artifacts_dir/coverage_gcov"
+[[ -f "${GHTML}/index.html" ]] || { echo "ERROR: gcovr index.html missing" >&2; exit 1; }
+GLINKS="$(grep -oE 'href="index\.[^"]+\.html"' "${GHTML}/index.html" | sed -E 's/^href="//; s/"$//' | sort -u)"
+[[ -n "${GLINKS}" ]] || { echo "ERROR: no per-file links in the gcovr index" >&2; exit 1; }
+while IFS= read -r link; do
+  [[ -f "${GHTML}/${link}" ]] || { echo "ERROR: gcovr index links to ${link}, which does not exist" >&2; exit 1; }
+done <<< "${GLINKS}"
+for page in coverable.cpp uncovered.cpp inline_math.h; do
+  ls "${GHTML}"/index."${page}".*.html > /dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "ERROR: no gcovr page for ${page}" >&2; exit 1; }
+done
+G_RAW="$(grep -oP 'Raw line coverage:\s+\K[0-9.]+' gcov_artifacts_dir/justification_report/summary.txt)"
+G_EFF="$(grep -oP 'Effective line coverage:\s+\K[0-9.]+' gcov_artifacts_dir/justification_report/summary.txt)"
+if ! awk "BEGIN {exit (${G_EFF} > ${G_RAW}) ? 0 : 1}"; then
+  echo "ERROR: gcov effective coverage ${G_EFF}% not above raw ${G_RAW}% (justification not applied on gcovr HTML)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+EXPECTED_GCOV_UNMAPPED=$'compiled-without-code\tsrc/empty_unit.cpp\ndeclaration-only\tsrc/coverable.h\ndeclaration-only\tsrc/uncovered.h\nno-data\texternal/itest_external+/include/vext/vext.h\nno-data\tsrc/unused_api.h\nnot-instrumented\trust/lib.rs\nnot-instrumented\trust/main.rs'
+if [[ "$(cat gcov_artifacts_dir/unmapped_files.txt)" != "${EXPECTED_GCOV_UNMAPPED}" ]]; then
+  echo "ERROR: gcov unmapped_files.txt unexpected:" >&2
+  cat gcov_artifacts_dir/unmapped_files.txt >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+grep -qF "Not instrumentable by this backend (2)" gcov_summary.md || { echo "ERROR: not-instrumented section missing from the gcov summary" >&2; exit 1; }
+rm -rf gcov_artifacts_dir gcov_summary.md gcov_run.log coverage_gcov
+echo "OK: gcov HTML complete (${GLINKS//$'\n'/, }), effective ${G_EFF}% > raw ${G_RAW}%, categories as expected"
+
 echo ""
 echo "=== All integration checks passed ==="
diff --git a/integration_tests/tools/coverage/BUILD b/integration_tests/tools/coverage/BUILD
index 8915e5a..a3238c4 100644
--- a/integration_tests/tools/coverage/BUILD
+++ b/integration_tests/tools/coverage/BUILD
@@ -43,3 +43,13 @@ score_coverage_reporter(
     llvm_cxxfilt = "@llvm_toolchain_llvm//:bin/llvm-cxxfilt",
     llvm_profdata = "@llvm_toolchain//:llvm-profdata",
 )
+
+# gcov backend reporter: the same scope, the toolchain's gcov instead of the
+# LLVM tools. Selected by the coverage:gcov config.
+score_coverage_reporter(
+    name = "gcov_reporter_wrapper",
+    testonly = True,
+    backend = "gcov",
+    coverage_scope = ":coverage_scope",
+    gcov = "@score_gcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg//:gcov",
+)
diff --git a/score_coverage/BUILD b/score_coverage/BUILD
index 4af59ae..900226e 100644
--- a/score_coverage/BUILD
+++ b/score_coverage/BUILD
@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ py_binary(
     deps = ["@rules_python//python/runfiles"],
 )
 
+py_binary(
+    name = "gcov_reporter",
+    srcs = ["gcov_reporter.py"],
+    deps = [
+        ":reporter_lib",
+        "@rules_python//python/runfiles",
+        requirement("gcovr"),
+    ],
+)
+
 py_binary(
     name = "justify",
     srcs = ["justify.py"],
@@ -85,6 +95,17 @@ py_library(
     deps = ["@rules_python//python/runfiles"],
 )
 
+py_library(
+    name = "gcov_reporter_lib",
+    srcs = ["gcov_reporter.py"],
+    imports = [".."],
+    deps = [
+        ":reporter_lib",
+        "@rules_python//python/runfiles",
+        requirement("gcovr"),
+    ],
+)
+
 py_library(
     name = "justify_lib",
     srcs = ["justify.py"],
diff --git a/score_coverage/coverage_scope.bzl b/score_coverage/coverage_scope.bzl
index a20f968..7de5e75 100644
--- a/score_coverage/coverage_scope.bzl
+++ b/score_coverage/coverage_scope.bzl
@@ -34,7 +34,12 @@ The rule writes three text files the reporter consumes:
   workspace target exposes through ``strip_include_prefix`` / ``include_prefix``.
   The compiler records the generated ``<pkg>/_virtual_includes/<target>/...``
   path; the reporter maps it back to the declared header.
-- ``<name>_objects.txt``: archives / executables for the zero-coverage baseline.
+- ``<name>_objects.txt``: archives / executables for the zero-coverage baseline
+  of the LLVM backend.
+- ``<name>_gcno.txt``: the ``.gcno`` notes files the compiler wrote for the
+  in-scope translation units, the zero-coverage baseline of the gcov backend
+  (GCC and QCC): ``gcov`` on a ``.gcno`` without its ``.gcda`` yields every
+  line at zero.
 
 The source files themselves are exported in the ``source_files`` output group
 so the reporter can stage them for llvm-cov from its runfiles, independent of
@@ -54,6 +59,7 @@ _CoverageScopeInfo = provider(
         "source_file_objects": "Depset of the File objects behind source_files (staged by the reporter).",
         "path_map": "Depset of '<virtual path>\\t<canonical path>' strings for headers behind include prefixes.",
         "object_files": "Depset of compiled archive/executable File objects for baseline coverage.",
+        "gcno_files": "Depset of .gcno File objects of in-scope translation units (gcov baseline).",
     },
 )
 
@@ -111,10 +117,12 @@ def _coverage_scope_aspect_impl(target, ctx):
     direct_file_objects = []
     direct_map = []
     direct_archives = []
+    direct_gcno = []
     transitive = []
     transitive_file_objects = []
     transitive_map = []
     transitive_archives = []
+    transitive_gcno = []
 
     # At cc_library / rust_library targets (rust_library provides CcInfo with
     # its rlib exposed as a .a symlink): collect srcs, hdrs, and static archive
@@ -144,6 +152,15 @@ def _coverage_scope_aspect_impl(target, ctx):
             # Record the mapping so the reporter can report the declared file.
             direct_map.extend(_virtual_include_map(target, ctx, declared_hdrs))
 
+            # gcov backend baseline: the .gcno notes files of this target's own
+            # translation units. InstrumentedFilesInfo.metadata_files is
+            # transitive, so keep only files this target owns; they exist only
+            # when the target is built with coverage instrumentation.
+            if InstrumentedFilesInfo in target:
+                for f in target[InstrumentedFilesInfo].metadata_files.to_list():
+                    if f.owner == target.label and f.extension == "gcno":
+                        direct_gcno.append(f)
+
             # Collect .a archive files for baseline coverage.
             for linker_input in target[CcInfo].linking_context.linker_inputs.to_list():
                 for lib in linker_input.libraries:
@@ -171,12 +188,14 @@ def _coverage_scope_aspect_impl(target, ctx):
                     transitive_file_objects.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].source_file_objects)
                     transitive_map.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].path_map)
                     transitive_archives.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].object_files)
+                    transitive_gcno.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].gcno_files)
 
     return [_CoverageScopeInfo(
         source_files = depset(direct_files, transitive = transitive),
         source_file_objects = depset(direct_file_objects, transitive = transitive_file_objects),
         path_map = depset(direct_map, transitive = transitive_map),
         object_files = depset(direct_archives, transitive = transitive_archives),
+        gcno_files = depset(direct_gcno, transitive = transitive_gcno),
     )]
 
 _coverage_scope_aspect = aspect(
@@ -195,6 +214,7 @@ def _coverage_scope_impl(ctx):
     all_map = {}
     all_objects = []
     all_sources = []
+    all_gcno = []
 
     for dep in ctx.attr.deps:
         if _CoverageScopeInfo in dep:
@@ -205,11 +225,13 @@ def _coverage_scope_impl(ctx):
                 all_map[entry] = True
             all_objects.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].object_files)
             all_sources.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].source_file_objects)
+            all_gcno.append(dep[_CoverageScopeInfo].gcno_files)
 
     sorted_files = sorted(all_files.keys())
     sorted_map = sorted(all_map.keys())
     object_depset = depset(transitive = all_objects)
     source_depset = depset(transitive = all_sources)
+    gcno_depset = depset(transitive = all_gcno)
 
     # Write the allowlist file
     output = ctx.actions.declare_file(ctx.attr.name + "_allowlist.txt")
@@ -233,14 +255,24 @@ def _coverage_scope_impl(ctx):
         content = "\n".join(archive_paths) + "\n" if archive_paths else "",
     )
 
+    # Write the gcno manifest for the gcov backend (reporter runs gcov on each)
+    gcno_paths = sorted(set([f.short_path for f in gcno_depset.to_list()]))
+    gcno_output = ctx.actions.declare_file(ctx.attr.name + "_gcno.txt")
+    ctx.actions.write(
+        output = gcno_output,
+        content = "\n".join(gcno_paths) + "\n" if gcno_paths else "",
+    )
+
     return [
-        DefaultInfo(files = depset([output, map_output, objects_output], transitive = [object_depset])),
+        DefaultInfo(files = depset([output, map_output, objects_output, gcno_output], transitive = [object_depset])),
         OutputGroupInfo(
             allowlist = depset([output]),
             path_map = depset([map_output]),
             objects = depset([objects_output]),
             object_files = object_depset,
             source_files = source_depset,
+            gcno = depset([gcno_output]),
+            gcno_files = gcno_depset,
         ),
     ]
 
@@ -284,9 +316,9 @@ coverage_scope = rule(
     Uses an aspect to traverse the listed targets (cc_library, rust_library,
     rust_binary) and their transitive deps, collecting all source files
     (srcs + hdrs / CrateInfo.srcs). Outputs the allowlist (one canonical file
-    path per line), the virtual-includes path map and the baseline objects
-    manifest, and exports the source files themselves in the ``source_files``
-    output group.
+    path per line), the virtual-includes path map, the baseline objects
+    manifest (LLVM backend) and the gcno manifest (gcov backend), and exports
+    the source files themselves in the ``source_files`` output group.
 
     The coverage reporter restricts reporting to exactly the allowlisted
     files, reports headers behind include prefixes under their declared path,
diff --git a/score_coverage/coverage_summary.py b/score_coverage/coverage_summary.py
index 786ad2c..c5dbc32 100644
--- a/score_coverage/coverage_summary.py
+++ b/score_coverage/coverage_summary.py
@@ -258,6 +258,12 @@ def rollup_by_directory(files: list[FileCoverage]) -> list[dict]:
         "placeholder .cpp of a header-only library that only includes headers. Nothing to cover "
         "in these files.",
     ),
+    (
+        "not-instrumented",
+        "Not instrumentable by this backend",
+        "In-scope sources the coverage backend cannot instrument: Rust sources under the gcov "
+        "backend (QNX on-target runs). Measure them with the LLVM backend.",
+    ),
 )
 
 
diff --git a/score_coverage/effective_coverage.py b/score_coverage/effective_coverage.py
index 0871704..b5e234f 100644
--- a/score_coverage/effective_coverage.py
+++ b/score_coverage/effective_coverage.py
@@ -1034,8 +1034,11 @@ def _process_gcovr_file(
     # Parse line coverage status from gcovr HTML.
     # Each source line: <td class="lineno"><a id="l{num}"...>
     # followed by <td class="linecount {covclass} ...">
+    # Both patterns stay inside the line's own table row: the row of a
+    # non-instrumented line carries a bare <td class="linecount"></td>, and a
+    # match running on into the next row would shift every status by one line.
     line_pattern = re.compile(
-        r'<a id="l(\d+)"[^>]*>.*?'
+        r'<a id="l(\d+)"[^>]*>(?:(?!</tr>).)*?'
         r'<td class="linecount\s+(\w+)',
         re.DOTALL,
     )
@@ -1043,7 +1046,7 @@ def _process_gcovr_file(
     # Also detect uncovered branches per line
     # gcovr: <div class="notTakenBranch"> on lines with branch issues
     branch_pattern = re.compile(
-        r'<a id="l(\d+)"[^>]*>.*?<td class="linebranch">(.*?)</td>',
+        r'<a id="l(\d+)"[^>]*>(?:(?!</tr>).)*?<td class="linebranch">(.*?)</td>',
         re.DOTALL,
     )
 
diff --git a/score_coverage/gcov_reporter.py b/score_coverage/gcov_reporter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..133dd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/score_coverage/gcov_reporter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# *******************************************************************************
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Contributors to the Eclipse Foundation
+#
+# See the NOTICE file(s) distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+#
+# This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+# terms of the Apache License Version 2.0 which is available at
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# *******************************************************************************
+"""Final coverage report generator for gcov-based toolchains (GCC, QNX QCC).
+
+Bazel's own per-test collector runs ``gcov`` over the ``.gcda`` counters a test
+wrote (on QNX the counters travel back from the QEMU guest through
+``score_qnx_unit_tests``) and stores one LCOV file per test. This script is
+the ``--coverage_report_generator`` that follows: it merges the per-test LCOV
+files, restricts them to the coverage scope, adds a zero-coverage baseline for
+in-scope translation units no test executed (``gcov`` over their ``.gcno``
+notes without counters), and writes the same report zip as the LLVM reporter:
+``html_report/`` (rendered by gcovr), ``lcov_report/lcov.dat`` and
+``text_report/`` (summary and ``unmapped_files.txt``).
+
+Expected Bazel interface:
+    --reports_file=<path>    Text file listing paths to all per-test coverage outputs
+    --output_file=<path>     Where to write the final report (zip)
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from python.runfiles import Runfiles
+
+from score_coverage.reporter import (
+    FileSelection,
+    RunfilesLike,
+    canonical_path,
+    create_zip,
+    format_unmapped_files,
+    load_coverage_allowlist,
+    load_path_map,
+    read_reports_file,
+    resolve_foreign_virtual_includes,
+    resolve_tool,
+    select_files,
+    stage_sources,
+    write_empty_output,
+)
+
+# Sources the gcov backend can never carry data for: rustc is an LLVM
+# compiler and emits no .gcda counters.
+UNMAPPED_NOT_INSTRUMENTED = "not-instrumented"
+_RUST_SUFFIXES = (".rs",)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class FileRecord:
+    """Coverage of one source file: line hits, branch hits and functions."""
+
+    lines: dict[int, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    """line number -> execution count."""
+    branches: dict[tuple[int, str, str], int | None] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    """(line, block, branch) -> taken count, or None when the block was never reached ('-')."""
+    functions: dict[str, tuple[int, int]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    """function name -> (start line, execution count)."""
+
+    def add(self, other: "FileRecord") -> None:
+        """Accumulate another record of the same file (another test's run): counts add up."""
+        for line, count in other.lines.items():
+            self.lines[line] = self.lines.get(line, 0) + count
+        for key, count in other.branches.items():
+            current = self.branches.get(key)
+            if count is None:
+                self.branches.setdefault(key, None)
+            else:
+                self.branches[key] = (current or 0) + count
+        for name, (line, count) in other.functions.items():
+            _, current = self.functions.get(name, (line, 0))
+            self.functions[name] = (line, current + count)
+
+    def zeroed(self) -> "FileRecord":
+        """The same structure with every count at zero (a baseline entry)."""
+        return FileRecord(
+            lines=dict.fromkeys(self.lines, 0),
+            branches={key: (None if count is None else 0) for key, count in self.branches.items()},
+            functions={name: (line, 0) for name, (line, _) in self.functions.items()},
+        )
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
+    """Main entry point. ``argv`` defaults to ``sys.argv[1:]``."""
+    args = parse_args(argv)
+    r = Runfiles.Create()
+    if r is None:
+        print("ERROR: runfiles are unavailable; the reporter must run as a Bazel coverage action.", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    reports = [path for path in read_reports_file(args.reports_file) if not path.endswith("baseline_coverage.dat")]
+    if not reports:
+        print("INFO: No coverage reports listed; writing empty output.", file=sys.stderr)
+        write_empty_output(args.output_file)
+        return
+
+    gcov_path = resolve_tool(r, args.gcov, "gcov")
+    if not gcov_path:
+        print(
+            "ERROR: gcov not found in runfiles. Pass --gcov (the score_coverage_reporter macro does this).",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    workspace_root = args.workspace_root
+    path_map = load_path_map(r, args.path_map)
+    allowlist_files = load_coverage_allowlist(r, args.coverage_allowlist) if args.coverage_allowlist else []
+    if args.coverage_allowlist and not allowlist_files:
+        print("ERROR: Coverage allowlist is empty.", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(-1)
+    allowlist: set[str] | None = set(allowlist_files) if allowlist_files else None
+    if allowlist is not None:
+        print(f"INFO: Using coverage allowlist with {len(allowlist)} source files.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Per-test LCOV files from Bazel's collector, summed per file.
+    tested: dict[str, FileRecord] = {}
+    for report in reports:
+        for raw, record in parse_lcov(Path(report).read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")).items():
+            tested.setdefault(normalize_raw(raw, workspace_root), FileRecord()).add(record)
+    print(f"INFO: {len(reports)} per-test reports cover {len(tested)} files.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Zero-coverage baseline from the .gcno notes of every in-scope translation unit.
+    gcno_files = load_gcno_manifest(r, args.gcno_manifest)
+    baseline: dict[str, FileRecord] = {}
+    for gcno in sorted(gcno_files):
+        for raw, record in gcov_baseline(gcov_path, gcno).items():
+            baseline.setdefault(normalize_raw(raw, workspace_root), FileRecord()).add(record)
+    print(f"INFO: {len(gcno_files)} gcno files describe {len(baseline)} files.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Merge by canonical name BEFORE the selection: a header may be recorded
+    # under its declared path by one test and under a virtual-include path by
+    # another, and both runs' counts belong to the same file. (The LLVM
+    # reporter keeps one variant instead because llvm-cov renders each raw
+    # path separately; here the merge is ours.)
+    canonical = canonical_names(set(tested) | set(baseline), path_map, allowlist)
+    tested = merge_by_name(tested, canonical)
+    baseline = merge_by_name(baseline, canonical)
+    test_covered = {name: name for name in tested}
+    baseline_covered = {name: name for name in baseline}
+    compiled_stems = compiled_stems_from_gcno(list(gcno_files.values()))
+    selection = select_files(test_covered, baseline_covered, allowlist, compiled_stems)
+    not_instrumented = mark_not_instrumented(selection)
+    report_selection(selection, not_instrumented)
+
+    merged = merge_records(tested, baseline, selection)
+
+    # Stage the in-scope sources so gcovr can render them (generated headers
+    # and external repositories are not reachable through the workspace).
+    source_root = Path.cwd() / "sources"
+    missing = stage_sources(source_root, {name: name for name in merged}, r, workspace_root)
+    if missing:
+        print(f"WARNING: {len(missing)} in-scope sources were not found (e.g., {missing[:5]})", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    lcov_report_dir = Path.cwd() / "lcov_report"
+    lcov_report_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    (lcov_report_dir / "lcov.dat").write_text(render_lcov(merged), encoding="utf-8")
+
+    html_report_dir = Path.cwd() / "html_report"
+    text_report_dir = Path.cwd() / "text_report"
+    html_report_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    text_report_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    render_html(merged, source_root, html_report_dir, text_report_dir / "summary.txt")
+    print((text_report_dir / "summary.txt").read_text(encoding="utf-8"), file=sys.stderr)
+    (text_report_dir / "unmapped_files.txt").write_text(
+        format_unmapped_files(selection)
+        + "".join(f"{UNMAPPED_NOT_INSTRUMENTED}\t{n}\n" for n in sorted(not_instrumented)),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    create_zip(
+        root=Path.cwd(), directories=[html_report_dir, lcov_report_dir, text_report_dir], output_file=args.output_file
+    )
+    print(f"INFO: gcov coverage reporter completed. Output: {args.output_file}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# LCOV parsing and rendering
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def parse_lcov(content: str) -> dict[str, FileRecord]:
+    """Parse LCOV text into ``{SF path: FileRecord}``; records of the same file are summed."""
+    records: dict[str, FileRecord] = {}
+    current: FileRecord | None = None
+    name = ""
+    for line in content.splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line.startswith("SF:"):
+            name, current = line[3:], FileRecord()
+        elif current is None:
+            continue
+        elif line.startswith("DA:"):
+            parts = line[3:].split(",")
+            current.lines[int(parts[0])] = current.lines.get(int(parts[0]), 0) + max(0, int(parts[1]))
+        elif line.startswith("BRDA:"):
+            ln, block, branch, taken = line[5:].split(",", 3)
+            key = (int(ln), block, branch)
+            count = None if taken == "-" else max(0, int(taken))
+            if count is None:
+                current.branches.setdefault(key, None)
+            else:
+                current.branches[key] = (current.branches.get(key) or 0) + count
+        elif line.startswith("FN:"):
+            start, fname = line[3:].split(",", 1)
+            _, count = current.functions.get(fname, (0, 0))
+            current.functions[fname] = (int(start), count)
+        elif line.startswith("FNDA:"):
+            hits, fname = line[5:].split(",", 1)
+            start, count = current.functions.get(fname, (0, 0))
+            current.functions[fname] = (start, count + int(hits))
+        elif line == "end_of_record":
+            records.setdefault(name, FileRecord()).add(current)
+            current = None
+    return records
+
+
+def render_lcov(records: dict[str, FileRecord]) -> str:
+    """LCOV text for the records, one ``SF:`` block per file in sorted order."""
+    out: list[str] = []
+    for name in sorted(records):
+        rec = records[name]
+        out.append(f"SF:{name}")
+        for fname, (start, _) in sorted(rec.functions.items(), key=lambda item: (item[1][0], item[0])):
+            out.append(f"FN:{start},{fname}")
+        for fname, (_, count) in sorted(rec.functions.items(), key=lambda item: (item[1][0], item[0])):
+            out.append(f"FNDA:{count},{fname}")
+        if rec.functions:
+            out.append(f"FNF:{len(rec.functions)}")
+            out.append(f"FNH:{sum(1 for _, count in rec.functions.values() if count > 0)}")
+        for line in sorted(rec.lines):
+            out.append(f"DA:{line},{rec.lines[line]}")
+        for (line, block, branch), count in sorted(
+            rec.branches.items(), key=lambda item: (item[0][0], item[0][1], item[0][2])
+        ):
+            out.append(f"BRDA:{line},{block},{branch},{'-' if count is None else count}")
+        if rec.branches:
+            out.append(f"BRF:{len(rec.branches)}")
+            out.append(f"BRH:{sum(1 for count in rec.branches.values() if count)}")
+        out.append(f"LF:{len(rec.lines)}")
+        out.append(f"LH:{sum(1 for count in rec.lines.values() if count > 0)}")
+        out.append("end_of_record")
+    return "".join(line + "\n" for line in out)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Paths and selection
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def normalize_raw(path: str, workspace_root: str) -> str:
+    """Strip the workspace root, ``/proc/self/cwd/`` and ``./`` so paths are exec-root relative."""
+    for prefix in (workspace_root.rstrip("/") + "/", "/proc/self/cwd/", "./"):
+        if path.startswith(prefix):
+            return path[len(prefix) :]
+    return path
+
+
+def canonical_names(raws: set[str], path_map: dict[str, str], allowlist: set[str] | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """raw exec-root-relative path -> canonical name (config prefix dropped, virtual includes resolved)."""
+    names = {raw: canonical_path(raw, path_map) for raw in raws}
+    if allowlist is not None:
+        foreign, ambiguous = resolve_foreign_virtual_includes(set(names.values()), allowlist)
+        for raw, name in names.items():
+            if name in foreign:
+                names[raw] = foreign[name]
+        for name, candidates in sorted(ambiguous.items()):
+            print(
+                f"WARNING: {name} matches several in-scope files ({candidates}); it stays out of the report.",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+    return names
+
+
+def merge_by_name(records: dict[str, FileRecord], canonical: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, FileRecord]:
+    """Sum records of the same canonical name (variants of one file recorded under different raw paths)."""
+    merged: dict[str, FileRecord] = {}
+    for raw, record in records.items():
+        merged.setdefault(canonical[raw], FileRecord()).add(record)
+    return merged
+
+
+def mark_not_instrumented(selection: FileSelection) -> set[str]:
+    """Move allowlisted Rust sources out of the findings: gcov cannot instrument them."""
+    rust = {name for name in selection.unmapped if name.endswith(_RUST_SUFFIXES)}
+    selection.unmapped -= rust
+    return rust
+
+
+def report_selection(selection: FileSelection, not_instrumented: set[str]) -> None:
+    """Log what the scope did to the collected files."""
+    if selection.baseline_only:
+        print(f"INFO: {len(selection.baseline_only)} allowlisted files only in baseline.", file=sys.stderr)
+    if selection.excluded:
+        print(f"INFO: Excluding {len(selection.excluded)} compiled files outside the scope.", file=sys.stderr)
+    if selection.unmapped:
+        print(
+            f"WARNING: {len(selection.unmapped)} in-scope files have no coverage data at all; "
+            f"listed in text_report/unmapped_files.txt (e.g., {sorted(selection.unmapped)[:5]})",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+    if not_instrumented:
+        print(
+            f"INFO: {len(not_instrumented)} Rust sources are in scope but the gcov backend cannot instrument them.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+
+
+def merge_records(
+    tested: dict[str, FileRecord], baseline: dict[str, FileRecord], selection: FileSelection
+) -> dict[str, FileRecord]:
+    """Canonical name -> record: tested data where it exists, zeroed baseline data otherwise."""
+    merged: dict[str, FileRecord] = {}
+    for raw, name in selection.staged.items():
+        if raw in tested:
+            merged.setdefault(name, FileRecord()).add(tested[raw])
+    for raw, name in selection.staged.items():
+        if raw in baseline and name not in merged:
+            merged.setdefault(name, FileRecord()).add(baseline[raw].zeroed())
+    return merged
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# gcov baseline
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def load_gcno_manifest(runfiles: RunfilesLike, rlocation_path: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """``{absolute path: short path}`` of the .gcno files listed by the scope; a missing file is an error."""
+    if not rlocation_path:
+        return {}
+    manifest = runfiles.Rlocation(rlocation_path)
+    if not manifest or not Path(manifest).exists():
+        print(f"WARNING: gcno manifest not found: {rlocation_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return {}
+    resolved: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for line in Path(manifest).read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
+        short_path = line.strip()
+        if not short_path or short_path.startswith("#"):
+            continue
+        location = runfiles.Rlocation(os.path.join("_main", short_path))
+        if not location or not os.path.exists(location):
+            print(f"ERROR: gcno file not found: {short_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(-1)
+        resolved[location] = short_path
+    return resolved
+
+
+_GCNO_RE = re.compile(r"(?:^|/)(?P<pkg>.*?)/?_objs/[^/]+/(?P<src>.+?)(?:\.pic)?\.gcno$")
+
+
+def compiled_stems_from_gcno(gcno_files: list[str]) -> set[str]:
+    """``<pkg>/<source stem>`` of every translation unit that has a .gcno: the sources that were compiled.
+
+    The short path ``src/_objs/uncovered/empty_unit.pic.gcno`` names
+    ``src/empty_unit``. A placeholder source that contains no code has a
+    .gcno like any other and is thereby classified as compiled without code
+    instead of as a finding.
+    """
+    stems: set[str] = set()
+    for gcno in gcno_files:
+        match = _GCNO_RE.search(gcno)
+        if match:
+            stems.add(f"{match.group('pkg')}/{match.group('src')}" if match.group("pkg") else match.group("src"))
+    return stems
+
+
+def gcov_baseline(gcov_path: Path, gcno: str) -> dict[str, FileRecord]:
+    """Run gcov over one .gcno without counters; every line and branch comes back at zero.
+
+    Returns ``{gcov file path: FileRecord}``: the translation unit and every
+    header it instantiated code from, paths as gcov records them (relative
+    to the compilation directory, i.e. exec-root relative under Bazel).
+    """
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [str(gcov_path), "--json-format", "--stdout", "--branch-probabilities", gcno],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0 or not result.stdout.strip():
+        print(f"WARNING: gcov failed on {gcno}: {result.stderr.strip()[:200]}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return {}
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(result.stdout)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        print(f"WARNING: gcov produced no JSON for {gcno}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return {}
+    return records_from_gcov_json(data)
+
+
+def records_from_gcov_json(data: dict) -> dict[str, FileRecord]:
+    """Convert gcov's JSON intermediate format into records (counts as reported)."""
+    records: dict[str, FileRecord] = {}
+    for entry in data.get("files", []):
+        rec = FileRecord()
+        blocks: dict[int, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        for line in entry.get("lines", []):
+            number = int(line["line_number"])
+            rec.lines[number] = rec.lines.get(number, 0) + int(line.get("count", 0))
+            for branch in line.get("branches", []):
+                index = blocks[number]
+                blocks[number] += 1
+                rec.branches[(number, "0", str(index))] = int(branch.get("count", 0))
+        for function in entry.get("functions", []):
+            rec.functions[function["name"]] = (
+                int(function.get("start_line", 0)),
+                int(function.get("execution_count", 0)),
+            )
+        records[entry["file"]] = rec
+    return records
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# HTML through gcovr
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def gcovr_tracefile(records: dict[str, FileRecord]) -> dict:
+    """The records as a gcovr JSON tracefile (format 0.14)."""
+    files = []
+    for name in sorted(records):
+        rec = records[name]
+        by_line: dict[int, list[dict]] = defaultdict(list)
+        for (line, block, branch), count in sorted(rec.branches.items()):
+            # gcovr's source page prints "block -> block" for every branch and
+            # needs both ids; LCOV's block and branch numbers stand in for them.
+            by_line[line].append(
+                {
+                    "count": count or 0,
+                    "fallthrough": False,
+                    "throw": False,
+                    "source_block_id": int(block) if block.isdigit() else 0,
+                    "destination_block_id": int(branch) if branch.isdigit() else 0,
+                }
+            )
+        files.append(
+            {
+                "file": name,
+                "lines": [
+                    {"line_number": line, "count": rec.lines[line], "branches": by_line.get(line, [])}
+                    for line in sorted(rec.lines)
+                ],
+                "functions": [
+                    {"name": fname, "lineno": start, "execution_count": count}
+                    for fname, (start, count) in sorted(rec.functions.items(), key=lambda item: (item[1][0], item[0]))
+                    if start > 0
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+    return {"gcovr/format_version": "0.14", "files": files}
+
+
+def render_html(records: dict[str, FileRecord], source_root: Path, html_dir: Path, summary: Path) -> None:
+    """Render the HTML report (index.html plus one page per file) and the text summary with gcovr."""
+    tracefile = Path.cwd() / "gcovr_tracefile.json"
+    tracefile.write_text(json.dumps(gcovr_tracefile(records)), encoding="utf-8")
+    argv = [
+        "gcovr",
+        "--json-add-tracefile",
+        str(tracefile),
+        "--root",
+        str(source_root),
+        "--html-details",
+        str(html_dir / "index.html"),
+        "--txt",
+        str(summary),
+    ]
+    from gcovr.__main__ import main as gcovr_main  # noqa: PLC0415  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
+
+    saved_argv = sys.argv
+    sys.argv = argv
+    try:
+        gcovr_main()
+    except SystemExit as e:
+        if e.code not in (0, None):
+            print(f"ERROR: gcovr exited with code {e.code}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+    finally:
+        sys.argv = saved_argv
+
+
+def parse_args(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> argparse.Namespace:
+    """Parse command-line arguments matching the Bazel coverage_report_generator interface."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="gcov coverage reporter for Bazel")
+    parser.add_argument("--output_file", type=Path, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--reports_file", type=Path, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--coverage_allowlist", type=str, default=None, help="Rlocation path to the allowlist")
+    parser.add_argument("--path_map", type=str, default=None, help="Rlocation path to the virtual-includes map")
+    parser.add_argument("--gcno_manifest", type=str, default=None, help="Rlocation path to the gcno manifest")
+    parser.add_argument("--workspace_root", type=str, required=True, help="Real workspace root path")
+    parser.add_argument("--gcov", type=str, default=None, help="Rlocation path to the toolchain's gcov binary")
+    return parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/score_coverage/generate_coverage_html.py b/score_coverage/generate_coverage_html.py
index dda41bf..f11dd67 100644
--- a/score_coverage/generate_coverage_html.py
+++ b/score_coverage/generate_coverage_html.py
@@ -223,8 +223,9 @@ def extract_report(report_zip: Path, extract_dir: Path) -> None:
         )
     if not zipfile.is_zipfile(report_zip):
         raise GenerateError(
-            f"{report_zip} is not the LLVM pipeline zip report.\n"
-            "       Run 'bazel coverage --config=llvm_cov //... --build_tests_only' first."
+            f"{report_zip} is not a score_coverage report zip.\n"
+            "       Run 'bazel coverage --config=llvm_cov //... --build_tests_only' (or the gcov config with the\n"
+            "       score_coverage gcov reporter as --coverage_report_generator) first."
         )
     with zipfile.ZipFile(report_zip) as zf:
         zf.extractall(extract_dir)
diff --git a/score_coverage/reporter_wrapper.bzl b/score_coverage/reporter_wrapper.bzl
index 727f2e6..46b46b3 100644
--- a/score_coverage/reporter_wrapper.bzl
+++ b/score_coverage/reporter_wrapper.bzl
@@ -14,10 +14,17 @@
 """Executable wrapper rule for the coverage reporter.
 
 Instantiated in the CONSUMER repository (via the score_coverage_reporter
-macro) so that the consumer's coverage_scope, MODULE.bazel and LLVM tool
+macro) so that the consumer's coverage_scope, MODULE.bazel and coverage tool
 labels can be wired into the reporter, which itself lives in score_coverage.
+
+Two backends share the wrapper: ``llvm`` (Clang / rustc covmap, llvm-cov and
+llvm-profdata; Linux) and ``gcov`` (GCC / QCC ``.gcda`` counters, the
+toolchain's ``gcov``; Linux with GCC, QNX on target). Both reporters consume
+the same scope outputs and produce the same report zip.
 """
 
+BACKENDS = ["llvm", "gcov"]
+
 def _rlocation_path(ctx, file):
     """Return the Runfiles.Rlocation()-compatible path for a Bazel File.
 
@@ -33,13 +40,26 @@ def _rlocation_path(ctx, file):
 def _reporter_wrapper_impl(ctx):
     launcher = ctx.actions.declare_file(ctx.label.name + ".sh")
 
-    reporter = ctx.executable.reporter
+    backend = ctx.attr.backend
+    if backend == "llvm":
+        if not ctx.file.llvm_cov or not ctx.file.llvm_profdata:
+            fail("backend = \"llvm\" needs llvm_cov and llvm_profdata")
+        reporter_attr = ctx.attr.reporter or ctx.attr._llvm_reporter
+    elif backend == "gcov":
+        if not ctx.file.gcov:
+            fail("backend = \"gcov\" needs gcov (the toolchain's gcov binary)")
+        reporter_attr = ctx.attr.reporter or ctx.attr._gcov_reporter
+    else:
+        fail("backend must be one of %s, got %s" % (BACKENDS, backend))
+    reporter = reporter_attr[DefaultInfo].files_to_run.executable
     module_bazel = ctx.file.module_bazel
     coverage_scope = ctx.attr.coverage_scope
     allowlist_group = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].allowlist.to_list()
     path_map_group = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].path_map.to_list()
     objects_group = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].objects.to_list()
+    gcno_group = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].gcno.to_list()
     object_files = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].object_files
+    gcno_files = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].gcno_files
     source_files = coverage_scope[OutputGroupInfo].source_files
 
     if len(allowlist_group) != 1:
@@ -48,15 +68,27 @@ def _reporter_wrapper_impl(ctx):
         fail("coverage_scope must provide exactly one path map file")
     if len(objects_group) != 1:
         fail("coverage_scope must provide exactly one objects manifest file")
+    if len(gcno_group) != 1:
+        fail("coverage_scope must provide exactly one gcno manifest file")
 
     allowlist = allowlist_group[0]
     path_map = path_map_group[0]
     baseline_objects = objects_group[0]
+    gcno_manifest = gcno_group[0]
 
-    cxxfilt_line = ""
-    if ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt:
-        cxxfilt_line = '  --llvm_cxxfilt="{}" \\\n'.format(
-            _rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt),
+    # Backend-specific tool arguments, every path in rlocation form.
+    if backend == "llvm":
+        tool_lines = '  --llvm_cov="{}" \\\n  --llvm_profdata="{}" \\\n  --baseline_objects="{}" \\\n'.format(
+            _rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.llvm_cov),
+            _rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.llvm_profdata),
+            _rlocation_path(ctx, baseline_objects),
+        )
+        if ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt:
+            tool_lines += '  --llvm_cxxfilt="{}" \\\n'.format(_rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt))
+    else:
+        tool_lines = '  --gcov="{}" \\\n  --gcno_manifest="{}" \\\n'.format(
+            _rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.gcov),
+            _rlocation_path(ctx, gcno_manifest),
         )
 
     # Bazel invokes the coverage report generator from within its coverage
@@ -77,20 +109,14 @@ WORKSPACE_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "${{RUNFILES_DIR}}/{module_bazel}
 exec "${{RUNFILES_DIR}}/{reporter}" \\
   --coverage_allowlist="{allowlist}" \\
   --path_map="{path_map}" \\
-  --baseline_objects="{baseline_objects}" \\
   --workspace_root="${{WORKSPACE_ROOT}}" \\
-  --llvm_cov="{llvm_cov}" \\
-  --llvm_profdata="{llvm_profdata}" \\
-{cxxfilt_line}  "$@"
+{tool_lines}  "$@"
 """.format(
         module_bazel = _rlocation_path(ctx, module_bazel),
         reporter = _rlocation_path(ctx, reporter),
         allowlist = _rlocation_path(ctx, allowlist),
         path_map = _rlocation_path(ctx, path_map),
-        baseline_objects = _rlocation_path(ctx, baseline_objects),
-        llvm_cov = _rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.llvm_cov),
-        llvm_profdata = _rlocation_path(ctx, ctx.file.llvm_profdata),
-        cxxfilt_line = cxxfilt_line,
+        tool_lines = tool_lines,
     )
 
     ctx.actions.write(
@@ -99,26 +125,26 @@ exec "${{RUNFILES_DIR}}/{reporter}" \\
         is_executable = True,
     )
 
-    direct_files = [
-        reporter,
-        allowlist,
-        path_map,
-        baseline_objects,
-        module_bazel,
-        ctx.file.llvm_cov,
-        ctx.file.llvm_profdata,
-    ]
-    if ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt:
-        direct_files.append(ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt)
-
-    # The in-scope source files travel with the reporter: llvm-cov must read
-    # them at report time, and neither generated headers nor external
-    # repositories are reachable through the workspace directory then.
+    direct_files = [reporter, allowlist, path_map, module_bazel]
+    if backend == "llvm":
+        direct_files += [baseline_objects, ctx.file.llvm_cov, ctx.file.llvm_profdata]
+        tools = [ctx.attr.llvm_cov, ctx.attr.llvm_profdata, ctx.attr.llvm_cxxfilt]
+        if ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt:
+            direct_files.append(ctx.file.llvm_cxxfilt)
+        baseline_inputs = object_files
+    else:
+        direct_files += [gcno_manifest, ctx.file.gcov]
+        tools = [ctx.attr.gcov]
+        baseline_inputs = gcno_files
+
+    # The in-scope source files travel with the reporter: the coverage tool
+    # must read them at report time, and neither generated headers nor
+    # external repositories are reachable through the workspace directory then.
     runfiles = ctx.runfiles(
         files = direct_files,
-        transitive_files = depset(transitive = [object_files, source_files]),
-    ).merge(ctx.attr.reporter[DefaultInfo].default_runfiles)
-    for tool in (ctx.attr.llvm_cov, ctx.attr.llvm_profdata, ctx.attr.llvm_cxxfilt):
+        transitive_files = depset(transitive = [baseline_inputs, source_files]),
+    ).merge(reporter_attr[DefaultInfo].default_runfiles)
+    for tool in tools:
         if tool:
             runfiles = runfiles.merge(tool[DefaultInfo].default_runfiles)
 
@@ -131,11 +157,25 @@ reporter_wrapper = rule(
     implementation = _reporter_wrapper_impl,
     executable = True,
     attrs = {
+        "backend": attr.string(
+            default = "llvm",
+            values = BACKENDS,
+            doc = "Coverage data format: llvm (Clang/rustc covmap) or gcov (GCC/QCC .gcda counters).",
+        ),
         "reporter": attr.label(
+            executable = True,
+            cfg = "exec",
+            doc = "Override of the reporter binary; defaults to score_coverage's reporter for the backend.",
+        ),
+        "_llvm_reporter": attr.label(
             executable = True,
             cfg = "exec",
             default = Label("//score_coverage:reporter"),
-            doc = "The coverage reporter binary (defaults to score_coverage's).",
+        ),
+        "_gcov_reporter": attr.label(
+            executable = True,
+            cfg = "exec",
+            default = Label("//score_coverage:gcov_reporter"),
         ),
         "coverage_scope": attr.label(
             cfg = "target",
@@ -149,13 +189,16 @@ reporter_wrapper = rule(
         ),
         "llvm_cov": attr.label(
             allow_single_file = True,
-            mandatory = True,
-            doc = "llvm-cov binary, e.g. @llvm_toolchain//:llvm-cov.",
+            doc = "llvm-cov binary, e.g. @llvm_toolchain//:llvm-cov (llvm backend).",
         ),
         "llvm_profdata": attr.label(
             allow_single_file = True,
-            mandatory = True,
-            doc = "llvm-profdata binary, e.g. @llvm_toolchain//:llvm-profdata.",
+            doc = "llvm-profdata binary, e.g. @llvm_toolchain//:llvm-profdata (llvm backend).",
+        ),
+        "gcov": attr.label(
+            allow_single_file = True,
+            doc = "gcov binary of the compiler that produced the .gcno/.gcda files, e.g. " +
+                  "@score_qcc_x86_64_toolchain_pkg//:gcov (gcov backend).",
         ),
         "llvm_cxxfilt": attr.label(
             allow_single_file = True,
diff --git a/score_coverage/requirements.in b/score_coverage/requirements.in
index c3726e8..e7858f2 100644
--- a/score_coverage/requirements.in
+++ b/score_coverage/requirements.in
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 pyyaml
+gcovr==8.6
diff --git a/score_coverage/requirements_3_12.txt b/score_coverage/requirements_3_12.txt
index 1e80040..1e8f918 100644
--- a/score_coverage/requirements_3_12.txt
+++ b/score_coverage/requirements_3_12.txt
@@ -2,8 +2,293 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12
 # by the following command:
 #
-#    bazel run //coverage:requirements_3_12.update
+#    bazel run //score_coverage:requirements_3_12.update
 #
+colorlog==6.12.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:2a7924c1dadf18b22a0eb8b06d1c7b01d5341707ec1641eb6fcc4fde0c3e8e5f \
+    --hash=sha256:30d392604e9110045a2c2aeefc27d7a017abbab63f3a8aee594eac0801df784e
+    # via gcovr
+gcovr==8.6 \
+    --hash=sha256:b2e7042abca9321cadbab8a06eb34d19f801b831557b28cdc30a029313de8b9e \
+    --hash=sha256:dbf9d87c38042752ad6f530aa8210427e22b526611bb7b7bfed0e81977d1f1ef
+    # via -r score_coverage/requirements.in
+jinja2==3.1.6 \
+    --hash=sha256:0137fb05990d35f1275a587e9aee6d56da821fc83491a0fb838183be43f66d6d \
+    --hash=sha256:85ece4451f492d0c13c5dd7c13a64681a86afae63a5f347908daf103ce6d2f67
+    # via gcovr
+lxml==6.1.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:032a0a97eed428bd143c75a11118238546424ceb2fa311cca5f073aa44658dc4 \
+    --hash=sha256:05f5bce9af14fd1506997594bd81cee6d9c6b58ea80a39c058327aa6371ed9e9 \
+    --hash=sha256:0794e04ba343852c6d78e996c58ef4b8e579b4ecc72f8df0d4058bf843b4c96e \
+    --hash=sha256:0ab2467e405e748d93495fb5568e74044802b8d3ff2b2a1607c3f78c6e982de5 \
+    --hash=sha256:0bf5a3e397df2ec4258eb5eea4c1ac6cf013ca1abd04a176903bff20a70021fe \
+    --hash=sha256:0c0710ac085a157b593c38fbcacd950f15c4afa8e2057527185875ab302752bc \
+    --hash=sha256:0dee106e9aa97fb00541b1ed7827070564d0549c3d3fba8920e6b20fd980f748 \
+    --hash=sha256:0f17d83c48ee9dfd96abae3ac3e2108c76d2fc86ce96355e37b8da9f7f4ecc08 \
+    --hash=sha256:0feebef8d0521188d0157f758356072e840173aa61ca45b8b3f87959ac283dd5 \
+    --hash=sha256:13a620a3fcc20023f9e6ed5c383e00e826f1c2d5db554df2f67240760f9118e8 \
+    --hash=sha256:13d22c0d57355366b393936acf6b98a5e0edeadddd3fccbc6a846c50a76b8741 \
+    --hash=sha256:160fcf381f76c3aeac28a756bec44f48942a8f7245a87aa28e3a523b4d90cd87 \
+    --hash=sha256:16148acd77ed1d8836a56db883af2f5eed720f9723088110b16a0d08582130a6 \
+    --hash=sha256:170773d8a3cdc76259065523ddd978c44f9806e28605f08812e8f86783e44ac6 \
+    --hash=sha256:18293f8a8d8b6a8e71ef37706b659e3846a4261232158167b1ddf35f6994f633 \
+    --hash=sha256:18a4db52b5a7b53a3540b0b0f4123319334621ee8083d496de314d0bf06ff59a \
+    --hash=sha256:1a635e837b50a1819bebfedaac5916498ea024120969da8790500148fb0a894d \
+    --hash=sha256:1aeca87830c4fe649dcf93fe2b059525b71c72587f21be4ae4af7103082a79fa \
+    --hash=sha256:1b7c37339d7e75cab9a123a04248e243cefefb302ad6db566ea0c77cbcde421e \
+    --hash=sha256:1beb0f9909b26cee938df9ba56b15252a84429b1fc30ce6fca161390b9789a70 \
+    --hash=sha256:20384c2bbcbf87180c8c61eb60869699c1ec0cd09b62cfd13804022d860b0867 \
+    --hash=sha256:20428910dae17a1a93152a3ff2c0441d2f4932992c0797d65651dd0561f1792f \
+    --hash=sha256:207dfc3d47cf0e575e643bbc140dacc8863b39abaa1e5307cd64c7f2365b8a12 \
+    --hash=sha256:209c3ccbfe35a04ac6d24f0611f9d1cbf8025d49991b14acd935236234d6c156 \
+    --hash=sha256:2123e5aa075ac20d23c7af489255efd129cbfe190dbe88fd42598cc9df3199b6 \
+    --hash=sha256:21402998e4b78e7cce237d2788841aaa21ac9a4d1574d04dc2d12ee41ae807b5 \
+    --hash=sha256:2221e88679d1351e9a40aaee54bc65679b9795bbd0160bc3d5e36b163344eb75 \
+    --hash=sha256:22eec57e26c418cde02c051ce9914a365e52a7f135a565c6f0480242aeebab48 \
+    --hash=sha256:23c366231259cd75ad06495174701afb3fcb36a92917fa47de2d1f1bd9d95739 \
+    --hash=sha256:25f4118c438f96bb466e83108506d03d5c31b1bd2387e83e5b070bda6ded9c37 \
+    --hash=sha256:28a23fefdb345b2d4d0ff2860571b5ff9a89a28b6a120f720e8fb0324d346626 \
+    --hash=sha256:290f66b97ede0e552e1cb44a0fd8a74f9753ee635b50830a0b122fb72788d015 \
+    --hash=sha256:2b9b1325ca1c2a9a2dbb6eb913ae563313f2082ae60b03210f7e83ee80712274 \
+    --hash=sha256:2bec13085dc8ef48a3fe62f7dfcacfeda2c785cdf19cc8eeda2bb9ed081da165 \
+    --hash=sha256:2cae5d5c90a62d9139c512a0cb1aad1d182b022b5740daea2617eb5bf7fc658e \
+    --hash=sha256:2e01125896585139453cab8cb235893644d8815d7509520da95ae3ee8d1c1f79 \
+    --hash=sha256:2e62c569ec7531b679b184cbfe335c501c1d13c4b363560013019962eb630e6d \
+    --hash=sha256:2f5b2a2b9811b853b39bfa41367c6d78747b8e3e80e07fc5a24aae295c1a4d7d \
+    --hash=sha256:302f72413251c03f671e063c9414bed5dc8c927069e5abb69245521e51a4e81b \
+    --hash=sha256:32a409be3190b088f960ac92bfedfbef2f86c49ff940765e1548177592d20026 \
+    --hash=sha256:33cadd956b667997e4de1635fce9541f2e8ede2038fcde8cf55aa14d571d1bad \
+    --hash=sha256:379f8a75cf6eb7eef0af074b55f49ab73b868388a98de14646abcdfa4564bb11 \
+    --hash=sha256:3847e71a78cbbc1aff955dbbbaf2fff12153f611d3162c5beaa3395636cbc2f9 \
+    --hash=sha256:38fc4e4e4e084e0bd491949482527d406788045c546d4f8789e93fc527b91385 \
+    --hash=sha256:3a27ac6c780c8b8a1cd231b58407634cafc1c4cc28cd6c7141362df0f36351e7 \
+    --hash=sha256:3a48093cdb058a93af842ede9703520e810b05dcd0fc6d7190a06376c3bfb6bd \
+    --hash=sha256:3e42265103fb385d8642a78672edf376c6f7e1d3598a7a4f9cb1278f2f6b5f6f \
+    --hash=sha256:3e9a00d1c2c30936f7add097c41afc5da6556c580909104aafd382cac92a855c \
+    --hash=sha256:40983eabefd13da003e68170928c7acc011f0d095eefce5871a3c71c9385fb9a \
+    --hash=sha256:40bcbd9f94166ffe925811e730607385cec959f42fb1bb7dad83748680465221 \
+    --hash=sha256:41096ec0740a58dad03d3ae0c7486d306d20becefb13ceb1649835ab3eb64167 \
+    --hash=sha256:415e3a115c0d510e329020012834d1c0aa1c581ee53a218603e38abbc1dea70a \
+    --hash=sha256:41e2d428110b408e963b6fb18f9bbf1f5c027b56bd4b498d54556476c0aeb1c3 \
+    --hash=sha256:424aa5657141d306ba9ad1baab4b2c0a0719040075ee6c66aee9bb2dea2b5054 \
+    --hash=sha256:42632b4024ab24a6b488f559ac851312509888b6b80ae2aa11cf29a646a0d245 \
+    --hash=sha256:45222d94ddd511536f3b2f7d9deae3b2339b4ce0f075f1ca25703b07cad9dd21 \
+    --hash=sha256:4736e6c87e603146d8949d8501da621ad20c31015060d3fcf95ace2859f3e3e6 \
+    --hash=sha256:48542c9acba9ff9450bd18d871d2c2c8787fdb283572b623d206f1b927cd7d9e \
+    --hash=sha256:49fbc2682a9306135b7ec49e93f97f9c26689b9b7f96ed2742d8d6497e994d13 \
+    --hash=sha256:4a579dfb9c835f8ab47f4b8ed33440cbc75b806b73297208e6ec2a33e903740b \
+    --hash=sha256:4b061064b4a2fe8598a466d723d43dbcd5a610a5d5cfe02fb6226f5c17349f75 \
+    --hash=sha256:4e11e885e0704be185867fcf71b904d8f65d7d6877bc121f69870b0d0479ba7b \
+    --hash=sha256:4f4db7c7e954d289d71878938348b3d91b904a3e8210a11939359fb758a58e7d \
+    --hash=sha256:527195c188d7d0af748cd48d220ab8cdc5cb99be3d49ac4d9be7324d8abf9bc0 \
+    --hash=sha256:53258656846f5c48996b882fb4b135885e088a3ad3d96b4bc0530f95124d1f69 \
+    --hash=sha256:545ccc14fb05485f48b4439ec35beb16d5b5280eb6c81c658bd4707a2a119414 \
+    --hash=sha256:5609efdb0d3c95499c00046bc53648b3482ec2175b5503d6e611b3f0555dc71d \
+    --hash=sha256:5929d9df5e7e3379183be0e21f7d559618a5b61cb63280df6164019242e337ed \
+    --hash=sha256:5a143e6207579de8baeded4eaac9134413200359f1969d636f0bfb98ee8c3c8f \
+    --hash=sha256:5a721a98c649855963811b59b55755b30566e7f7fc40bdc9803d66dee9f811cf \
+    --hash=sha256:5cffe18571ccc51d742cd08cbb3f8b756de9311d18c7ea98f5d92f37b8fb60c2 \
+    --hash=sha256:5d12669a2c419b0e8dc423d23dea24bb82f6f9cb829f32e04674b0ba40322a7c \
+    --hash=sha256:5d582042c69857c364e8153de6e18e0da9b7b515a6a8113caf69a6ec8e0520f2 \
+    --hash=sha256:61116cec57ed69aebc70f37a545eec095339bb829efbdabcfb97c51e9536e158 \
+    --hash=sha256:611a51e61c92f62345a50b0035df6fc0d678f9299f33728826d831598862f59d \
+    --hash=sha256:623c8799c17128753c65699f1c3aa32402657393a9ad6db09ed8b98ddf76611d \
+    --hash=sha256:6374e9e382e5a98c9c5e66d41b357b470da1c54bce30f17f9dc4bcc58436cc1c \
+    --hash=sha256:66299564c046bc7e0cc5de5106601eae907e9fa5904cd68a323380a8502f7861 \
+    --hash=sha256:69cafd61aea04ebb3502c93c2aaa568b12931ca0802231e0b5de76bf8b6e74bd \
+    --hash=sha256:6a406d0b3cb207b0fa460ed4dc93e866f44f105da0169361cb18ff998a44c7f0 \
+    --hash=sha256:6ba4fe5bfbef6811a8e49b3719cde373ad399006c0c1ac184b7297116ecbba5d \
+    --hash=sha256:6cd11e7550d89e551a87dcec30f04b1fca32e86b68708aa01a4daa455d8605e5 \
+    --hash=sha256:6e1eb8a4cbffd5553680ad96be6680e364710656eced73d1dc90ec489df599a3 \
+    --hash=sha256:6ea2f13dce778ca072ccee598bca46a092ce192e8fd907b6c1f0e52c800529a0 \
+    --hash=sha256:71532ebf30be0048a45559b4fab15333fbaaf9042f658e878d918ecd0cf09805 \
+    --hash=sha256:73fc05988ed20809450474ba760a87c8ad4e455fc09783c02195e56ec634b41a \
+    --hash=sha256:75cc6569e86be5785b6188ef1642670c6adbc984e81ec35e224842ecd9eefcc8 \
+    --hash=sha256:773062aec2f2e56b2b22d37054123f0de8a22a4688a0c3376c3fe42685f975cf \
+    --hash=sha256:7ae4949f212a53b007dbc355884fda122545c5764a54256c9217e419a62a6559 \
+    --hash=sha256:7b2bb7d703bed7ac893bf7f40d97b5d9279d35d2ce460624ca28929eab0d5a3d \
+    --hash=sha256:7d0f5976aa2701996f759b30172925829867547bb073af0ae67d1307a0f0262c \
+    --hash=sha256:7d5a748d12dd9b535e0a130f60dae9ddf0adafbabe61e7864f55c7436c84547a \
+    --hash=sha256:7dd624c1eaa629ad44b59a1a0145fdf2d67895592dce94c9358b938b3d075e65 \
+    --hash=sha256:7f75b9b9fec2a9c6b18095c81865580e795b1441c429e42d22fcc82a77f40039 \
+    --hash=sha256:83e3a51e7933db700a0da0db31849db3a24022d9970da9bb73001e1d0326fd92 \
+    --hash=sha256:8499d464de86fab0f102313cce32a9bed9ab1f06ec813cf025cb790964fbb765 \
+    --hash=sha256:869dfcd4d381cb0ea87085cc4f011b9171b494ef21e76ad8665f6d5e2d1dc8a1 \
+    --hash=sha256:8753b8d51dbc86fd335ee31fcf7f3658e9f5c016d4edfb23f76ad295f4b8c9d0 \
+    --hash=sha256:887c021d9a977cff89cb273047c1352997b772a8908a25c21836861f69b92be1 \
+    --hash=sha256:88e719b9437f148f7e1465df845c758dd1598618cbea3a2fd1e61a715542f2b2 \
+    --hash=sha256:8a330c0ee5fa318c7b5cbbaad882baeca3f570357e7eb25ab34bf31008150758 \
+    --hash=sha256:8db38ff3fb7aee7d6a82ae4da2eef1178656fe1216841fbd24870062a9d60473 \
+    --hash=sha256:8e49a646acfab83c68974f4aa1d0a2acca9e88d7d627ae0fc13201b14b76d310 \
+    --hash=sha256:909f4e927bb051f7740d6367285fc60cdcfdaf0258c2dba4ff5ba7eadadc250c \
+    --hash=sha256:90f709b9accab6b2e4d14f5c8718203877a0486bcb3afd74d8b539ecd1e961d4 \
+    --hash=sha256:92d96586376fb79a33474797186bf993250152ee5c32650b67db78d54b92e6f3 \
+    --hash=sha256:93476b6514b373fc6ca67d26c442784f7807c86f00635bfe79f935c3eab2af17 \
+    --hash=sha256:97acecb11cbc411473f15b8d780df06d7a9f3a2aad9aca78364f56640c8fb70e \
+    --hash=sha256:97ce49699d87ebf8aad631b55d65b33219a4f1bfefbbf5bff19dc9af160aeaf9 \
+    --hash=sha256:9bde9ae026a55b9a192078dfa6e27dd0ca4a050171ab6272e92f97b757dfdf48 \
+    --hash=sha256:9e67324961ac9bbe616cce5100514d2e34d88665aeb07071e8b16eac55d06d94 \
+    --hash=sha256:9efe56a68179f3adc4de41861c9358931db03837c48dd5e1c78077b84dd07f3a \
+    --hash=sha256:a1932d7ce78a561367512c594fe66eac2b2ec9b9264cfd9b5f950622f4a116e2 \
+    --hash=sha256:a1cec0f99b9b914d39176347a93b7610dc09324491aee1cbc57cd291a41a1d55 \
+    --hash=sha256:a2e3f70673a1d5b82f38255f777d26cd855bf2092b1436c4867464a7892f9238 \
+    --hash=sha256:a43b3bdf11e477dc7770609d3477316f974354dfc8425d596f64f471cc8daf6e \
+    --hash=sha256:a5c18810318303ce9afb3f95e2ddb54834f96fa699a8600433fd5a93dcf44c56 \
+    --hash=sha256:a7eb78ba28b187e1e9203a55c60fcf70df2d22cb205fe6d51b9383d6097419f0 \
+    --hash=sha256:aa633613ff907ea91b9b0489a1f0da1b8725d8c6ccec6b77e8a1c9c235044bb0 \
+    --hash=sha256:aa9fd1ee2a5dacfc41039ed49ffeeacfa75bafbd255b69f3b578e11897a0e623 \
+    --hash=sha256:ace1d2c83b2bd24db5940600541140e87a325e119cb32d5fa9ad720d7e76648e \
+    --hash=sha256:b1cc980905221a5d8b3c476330730b3adb40ff80add71ffbdb6215ba055656f1 \
+    --hash=sha256:b37772102d44bb6628186accca3a121b1fa3a6b3d97518a8c29a5229ca4c0d0a \
+    --hash=sha256:b3ff39654f0ce6ebd4db154211136dbe7e8157bcc3bed2344c87f32c7c6ecb6c \
+    --hash=sha256:b477912f42c5c33405a10c759d22f80cf5af043ae02d95b9d8e5e5bc555739ed \
+    --hash=sha256:b49638355ea3bebba70da783ccbc630fd72afa16bc46c54474bfa1f9a915bbc6 \
+    --hash=sha256:b4fc6b03b9d9d90557274f571ab30e7fbbfc527955536935d96f98b6817a86e4 \
+    --hash=sha256:b50343241eb69fd85f7791cf8bcc7b1c4729826b7d59ba2f6b27db29638fa745 \
+    --hash=sha256:bc8dd3d9c93e70c3df974a201ac2958b6d77b465d813c51d1f15fa8e645763ae \
+    --hash=sha256:be5346653c0b0e34be96869ff9dbeba23860156f89a2896a64c64fb419260cb6 \
+    --hash=sha256:c00e26288784460885fe76e4d4b293573e0f791f52e6d60e27b42edf005922eb \
+    --hash=sha256:c1b50797ac246bb2942a04b6c0f69af0667aba7cf7535f39bbb1b3208fd5d128 \
+    --hash=sha256:c34ca1dc41bd86d9ff830d5bdf4e4a752bba6c54f7d2707027ce0eabd36084c9 \
+    --hash=sha256:c55e71a9b1db1f107efb60da49c093689b74c5c31a708e5379e2fd9439d4fbb5 \
+    --hash=sha256:c581b1d68b3845fb86c6b2983e755b29bf001461c59fa411d2c26a911b6559a9 \
+    --hash=sha256:c59e4265608da6a041f54646ecc0c9ecdbb19aaf14c4c684bb6c2114998cc415 \
+    --hash=sha256:c5e7ce578aa8a80910a72a8ca0bbea3baae10100827249001999726a788456d8 \
+    --hash=sha256:c66f858b82497173f73366795fc6ee8171620e75a338506d6b2e7bc16f5fca11 \
+    --hash=sha256:c6c0c13128a32eb04a51357e56a094e13aa8e6d3d1884de2e9ae923f6915e1a8 \
+    --hash=sha256:c9389b3784b56c58d933b5e0aecdf28f901b073ff385358d8a7d40907f6e14b2 \
+    --hash=sha256:ca0ec532ad2f5ba1e5ec120ac157769c57f01855b3d8bf37213f5d88abd9ba0a \
+    --hash=sha256:cad7617727a96d189bd6f979d0fadf765198c7934e85f4edaba9bf3ad919a300 \
+    --hash=sha256:cae82b5ca24b0c2beedb269f6e2a96f466acd926879ab00ae19f1a65cbf9ffb0 \
+    --hash=sha256:cc669256d28736f7f3a149df5c380c50ace2692ba3e62203d10656fade4a2145 \
+    --hash=sha256:ce1f220114959941170e22b8ad44279f6dee2dcef7591814d01ae805dc058889 \
+    --hash=sha256:cfb398886a7eb4c719161c3efcff2a1248febc53a4d8e5072d2d8a87fed84ac9 \
+    --hash=sha256:d077f21f4b16f0471353883748f126f62038760397c107bb9fad2ca94dc0dfb7 \
+    --hash=sha256:d0c5c362bc94f1929dc7e96e715bbe7bd17037f802e6d8f0d1545df9133c0559 \
+    --hash=sha256:d2765c18ce303149ee804b1f3dad11232726dd0a702d73a15cf19179ac8cc962 \
+    --hash=sha256:d44442effeb8781f392340c5dc8c6716fba41dbeacb82fd4c0f09026fb5ff682 \
+    --hash=sha256:d85dfab42dd672f87a7f76e9de7172962aee69fa12044f0d6e1a23cbd53fb80e \
+    --hash=sha256:d97c5227621af74b111882a290b10f371780a38eef9d9e730408fba2259b52fb \
+    --hash=sha256:d9a0d12846d6ce434fb3857918eef4315ec9b4769deb020c75828798614bfcfd \
+    --hash=sha256:d9b3e7d71bf6acff341233417abbdface29c647e3113892d9aaedc02eb4aa2bc \
+    --hash=sha256:da707f14ea3c35ee463d50acd596d6488e4b2b4ae7cf77a5bf93f55c023d63e8 \
+    --hash=sha256:da85db328e507da922d586c3c7416ec360ec22e9cd9e0700691afacde0c81f53 \
+    --hash=sha256:dc205732d593118cf701d986f40e9de7801bb2e371cb189ddbda9b7348f4d97e \
+    --hash=sha256:dc3a44689eea43eab836e5c98a8ab015dc2419987d1ea6eafc7c590cdff86bed \
+    --hash=sha256:dd5e90f34cffcfed97f36cf066325773d2b6021c60c29942e53a18b028501b1d \
+    --hash=sha256:ddcf547bea2aee967d6a77779376a45e77e610e8465147a1f3d7e20d539d6e32 \
+    --hash=sha256:e477aca0bc0d19f3b4ae9e4f2a1cfd687c31bf772d78734910658186b40b2477 \
+    --hash=sha256:e8b17e23df3e827a69d25af70990ca2420e92668aaffaeeb3cd2351d7916a023 \
+    --hash=sha256:e99e09ab7741f1281e2677f4c0058c7f5267d182530b09c87e4f6aa26adf3887 \
+    --hash=sha256:ea2c01cdb16dc12156e455007c406dfaaece0c89aa4ba0e3b47586779f951d41 \
+    --hash=sha256:ea6b1e9105b4b24a34c722432d9fb578f9ed83af21fa1abda639011e0f22bbb6 \
+    --hash=sha256:ebd054ad1737a68fb7c5c073d405cef2b88bb824e294de3b4a4e995b47f0e376 \
+    --hash=sha256:ec295280f4b37769256da025acf5890370355ac589c27e89caae0b5e9eedc702 \
+    --hash=sha256:f6449672f9c93316deb5e2839e18931f468670e44d5bd9b1301a5a9655d45c07 \
+    --hash=sha256:f683dc6300317700025e41d89a43e0276692ded16113a3c43eab704d605c58e5 \
+    --hash=sha256:f6b9d2aad499c769ee8287609ab0e6de99d8bcea99c6e6c2e64945259fd52fb2 \
+    --hash=sha256:f8b9c8ceebae6387d0dc77f7f4dbbfbfc962dba2efbfe6877486075a480726b4 \
+    --hash=sha256:fad67b12ffe0f71e02b4932b04883cbc76a9072bbd30731409d3523cf058b011 \
+    --hash=sha256:fbfb70ba01355251faf6b293171df49f73a88a1b6494db109ffea85442574458 \
+    --hash=sha256:fe91993149523aa59941b9e3c90e2eb45f57ad014697aef6c8b13339a59c019e \
+    --hash=sha256:febd35ef45f603c2d74b74655efdbf45e14f55fc0aef4ac82b663ca829b283e0 \
+    --hash=sha256:ff88a92cafde90888511242d1c54afcc1a8adbb6dc0a88fa7f87e29e92400d4a
+    # via gcovr
+markupsafe==3.0.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:0303439a41979d9e74d18ff5e2dd8c43ed6c6001fd40e5bf2e43f7bd9bbc523f \
+    --hash=sha256:068f375c472b3e7acbe2d5318dea141359e6900156b5b2ba06a30b169086b91a \
+    --hash=sha256:0bf2a864d67e76e5c9a34dc26ec616a66b9888e25e7b9460e1c76d3293bd9dbf \
+    --hash=sha256:0db14f5dafddbb6d9208827849fad01f1a2609380add406671a26386cdf15a19 \
+    --hash=sha256:0eb9ff8191e8498cca014656ae6b8d61f39da5f95b488805da4bb029cccbfbaf \
+    --hash=sha256:0f4b68347f8c5eab4a13419215bdfd7f8c9b19f2b25520968adfad23eb0ce60c \
+    --hash=sha256:1085e7fbddd3be5f89cc898938f42c0b3c711fdcb37d75221de2666af647c175 \
+    --hash=sha256:116bb52f642a37c115f517494ea5feb03889e04df47eeff5b130b1808ce7c219 \
+    --hash=sha256:12c63dfb4a98206f045aa9563db46507995f7ef6d83b2f68eda65c307c6829eb \
+    --hash=sha256:133a43e73a802c5562be9bbcd03d090aa5a1fe899db609c29e8c8d815c5f6de6 \
+    --hash=sha256:1353ef0c1b138e1907ae78e2f6c63ff67501122006b0f9abad68fda5f4ffc6ab \
+    --hash=sha256:15d939a21d546304880945ca1ecb8a039db6b4dc49b2c5a400387cdae6a62e26 \
+    --hash=sha256:177b5253b2834fe3678cb4a5f0059808258584c559193998be2601324fdeafb1 \
+    --hash=sha256:1872df69a4de6aead3491198eaf13810b565bdbeec3ae2dc8780f14458ec73ce \
+    --hash=sha256:1b4b79e8ebf6b55351f0d91fe80f893b4743f104bff22e90697db1590e47a218 \
+    --hash=sha256:1b52b4fb9df4eb9ae465f8d0c228a00624de2334f216f178a995ccdcf82c4634 \
+    --hash=sha256:1ba88449deb3de88bd40044603fafffb7bc2b055d626a330323a9ed736661695 \
+    --hash=sha256:1cc7ea17a6824959616c525620e387f6dd30fec8cb44f649e31712db02123dad \
+    --hash=sha256:218551f6df4868a8d527e3062d0fb968682fe92054e89978594c28e642c43a73 \
+    --hash=sha256:26a5784ded40c9e318cfc2bdb30fe164bdb8665ded9cd64d500a34fb42067b1c \
+    --hash=sha256:2713baf880df847f2bece4230d4d094280f4e67b1e813eec43b4c0e144a34ffe \
+    --hash=sha256:2a15a08b17dd94c53a1da0438822d70ebcd13f8c3a95abe3a9ef9f11a94830aa \
+    --hash=sha256:2f981d352f04553a7171b8e44369f2af4055f888dfb147d55e42d29e29e74559 \
+    --hash=sha256:32001d6a8fc98c8cb5c947787c5d08b0a50663d139f1305bac5885d98d9b40fa \
+    --hash=sha256:3524b778fe5cfb3452a09d31e7b5adefeea8c5be1d43c4f810ba09f2ceb29d37 \
+    --hash=sha256:3537e01efc9d4dccdf77221fb1cb3b8e1a38d5428920e0657ce299b20324d758 \
+    --hash=sha256:35add3b638a5d900e807944a078b51922212fb3dedb01633a8defc4b01a3c85f \
+    --hash=sha256:38664109c14ffc9e7437e86b4dceb442b0096dfe3541d7864d9cbe1da4cf36c8 \
+    --hash=sha256:3a7e8ae81ae39e62a41ec302f972ba6ae23a5c5396c8e60113e9066ef893da0d \
+    --hash=sha256:3b562dd9e9ea93f13d53989d23a7e775fdfd1066c33494ff43f5418bc8c58a5c \
+    --hash=sha256:457a69a9577064c05a97c41f4e65148652db078a3a509039e64d3467b9e7ef97 \
+    --hash=sha256:4bd4cd07944443f5a265608cc6aab442e4f74dff8088b0dfc8238647b8f6ae9a \
+    --hash=sha256:4e885a3d1efa2eadc93c894a21770e4bc67899e3543680313b09f139e149ab19 \
+    --hash=sha256:4faffd047e07c38848ce017e8725090413cd80cbc23d86e55c587bf979e579c9 \
+    --hash=sha256:509fa21c6deb7a7a273d629cf5ec029bc209d1a51178615ddf718f5918992ab9 \
+    --hash=sha256:5678211cb9333a6468fb8d8be0305520aa073f50d17f089b5b4b477ea6e67fdc \
+    --hash=sha256:591ae9f2a647529ca990bc681daebdd52c8791ff06c2bfa05b65163e28102ef2 \
+    --hash=sha256:5a7d5dc5140555cf21a6fefbdbf8723f06fcd2f63ef108f2854de715e4422cb4 \
+    --hash=sha256:69c0b73548bc525c8cb9a251cddf1931d1db4d2258e9599c28c07ef3580ef354 \
+    --hash=sha256:6b5420a1d9450023228968e7e6a9ce57f65d148ab56d2313fcd589eee96a7a50 \
+    --hash=sha256:722695808f4b6457b320fdc131280796bdceb04ab50fe1795cd540799ebe1698 \
+    --hash=sha256:729586769a26dbceff69f7a7dbbf59ab6572b99d94576a5592625d5b411576b9 \
+    --hash=sha256:77f0643abe7495da77fb436f50f8dab76dbc6e5fd25d39589a0f1fe6548bfa2b \
+    --hash=sha256:795e7751525cae078558e679d646ae45574b47ed6e7771863fcc079a6171a0fc \
+    --hash=sha256:7be7b61bb172e1ed687f1754f8e7484f1c8019780f6f6b0786e76bb01c2ae115 \
+    --hash=sha256:7c3fb7d25180895632e5d3148dbdc29ea38ccb7fd210aa27acbd1201a1902c6e \
+    --hash=sha256:7e68f88e5b8799aa49c85cd116c932a1ac15caaa3f5db09087854d218359e485 \
+    --hash=sha256:83891d0e9fb81a825d9a6d61e3f07550ca70a076484292a70fde82c4b807286f \
+    --hash=sha256:8485f406a96febb5140bfeca44a73e3ce5116b2501ac54fe953e488fb1d03b12 \
+    --hash=sha256:8709b08f4a89aa7586de0aadc8da56180242ee0ada3999749b183aa23df95025 \
+    --hash=sha256:8f71bc33915be5186016f675cd83a1e08523649b0e33efdb898db577ef5bb009 \
+    --hash=sha256:915c04ba3851909ce68ccc2b8e2cd691618c4dc4c4232fb7982bca3f41fd8c3d \
+    --hash=sha256:949b8d66bc381ee8b007cd945914c721d9aba8e27f71959d750a46f7c282b20b \
+    --hash=sha256:94c6f0bb423f739146aec64595853541634bde58b2135f27f61c1ffd1cd4d16a \
+    --hash=sha256:9a1abfdc021a164803f4d485104931fb8f8c1efd55bc6b748d2f5774e78b62c5 \
+    --hash=sha256:9b79b7a16f7fedff2495d684f2b59b0457c3b493778c9eed31111be64d58279f \
+    --hash=sha256:a320721ab5a1aba0a233739394eb907f8c8da5c98c9181d1161e77a0c8e36f2d \
+    --hash=sha256:a4afe79fb3de0b7097d81da19090f4df4f8d3a2b3adaa8764138aac2e44f3af1 \
+    --hash=sha256:ad2cf8aa28b8c020ab2fc8287b0f823d0a7d8630784c31e9ee5edea20f406287 \
+    --hash=sha256:b8512a91625c9b3da6f127803b166b629725e68af71f8184ae7e7d54686a56d6 \
+    --hash=sha256:bc51efed119bc9cfdf792cdeaa4d67e8f6fcccab66ed4bfdd6bde3e59bfcbb2f \
+    --hash=sha256:bdc919ead48f234740ad807933cdf545180bfbe9342c2bb451556db2ed958581 \
+    --hash=sha256:bdd37121970bfd8be76c5fb069c7751683bdf373db1ed6c010162b2a130248ed \
+    --hash=sha256:be8813b57049a7dc738189df53d69395eba14fb99345e0a5994914a3864c8a4b \
+    --hash=sha256:c0c0b3ade1c0b13b936d7970b1d37a57acde9199dc2aecc4c336773e1d86049c \
+    --hash=sha256:c47a551199eb8eb2121d4f0f15ae0f923d31350ab9280078d1e5f12b249e0026 \
+    --hash=sha256:c4ffb7ebf07cfe8931028e3e4c85f0357459a3f9f9490886198848f4fa002ec8 \
+    --hash=sha256:ccfcd093f13f0f0b7fdd0f198b90053bf7b2f02a3927a30e63f3ccc9df56b676 \
+    --hash=sha256:d2ee202e79d8ed691ceebae8e0486bd9a2cd4794cec4824e1c99b6f5009502f6 \
+    --hash=sha256:d53197da72cc091b024dd97249dfc7794d6a56530370992a5e1a08983ad9230e \
+    --hash=sha256:d6dd0be5b5b189d31db7cda48b91d7e0a9795f31430b7f271219ab30f1d3ac9d \
+    --hash=sha256:d88b440e37a16e651bda4c7c2b930eb586fd15ca7406cb39e211fcff3bf3017d \
+    --hash=sha256:de8a88e63464af587c950061a5e6a67d3632e36df62b986892331d4620a35c01 \
+    --hash=sha256:df2449253ef108a379b8b5d6b43f4b1a8e81a061d6537becd5582fba5f9196d7 \
+    --hash=sha256:e1c1493fb6e50ab01d20a22826e57520f1284df32f2d8601fdd90b6304601419 \
+    --hash=sha256:e1cf1972137e83c5d4c136c43ced9ac51d0e124706ee1c8aa8532c1287fa8795 \
+    --hash=sha256:e2103a929dfa2fcaf9bb4e7c091983a49c9ac3b19c9061b6d5427dd7d14d81a1 \
+    --hash=sha256:e56b7d45a839a697b5eb268c82a71bd8c7f6c94d6fd50c3d577fa39a9f1409f5 \
+    --hash=sha256:e8afc3f2ccfa24215f8cb28dcf43f0113ac3c37c2f0f0806d8c70e4228c5cf4d \
+    --hash=sha256:e8fc20152abba6b83724d7ff268c249fa196d8259ff481f3b1476383f8f24e42 \
+    --hash=sha256:eaa9599de571d72e2daf60164784109f19978b327a3910d3e9de8c97b5b70cfe \
+    --hash=sha256:ec15a59cf5af7be74194f7ab02d0f59a62bdcf1a537677ce67a2537c9b87fcda \
+    --hash=sha256:f190daf01f13c72eac4efd5c430a8de82489d9cff23c364c3ea822545032993e \
+    --hash=sha256:f34c41761022dd093b4b6896d4810782ffbabe30f2d443ff5f083e0cbbb8c737 \
+    --hash=sha256:f3e98bb3798ead92273dc0e5fd0f31ade220f59a266ffd8a4f6065e0a3ce0523 \
+    --hash=sha256:f42d0984e947b8adf7dd6dde396e720934d12c506ce84eea8476409563607591 \
+    --hash=sha256:f71a396b3bf33ecaa1626c255855702aca4d3d9fea5e051b41ac59a9c1c41edc \
+    --hash=sha256:f9e130248f4462aaa8e2552d547f36ddadbeaa573879158d721bbd33dfe4743a \
+    --hash=sha256:fed51ac40f757d41b7c48425901843666a6677e3e8eb0abcff09e4ba6e664f50
+    # via jinja2
+pygments==2.21.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:2363c69b61c4a97c838da3b130dcd6468f4848992b21a82f2a63ec34377137d9 \
+    --hash=sha256:610ca751c9bc2492b38eb9a38a7fbc93edbbb2d7182edaf34e66ae493dee5c8c
+    # via gcovr
 pyyaml==6.0.3 \
     --hash=sha256:00c4bdeba853cc34e7dd471f16b4114f4162dc03e6b7afcc2128711f0eca823c \
     --hash=sha256:0150219816b6a1fa26fb4699fb7daa9caf09eb1999f3b70fb6e786805e80375a \
@@ -78,4 +363,4 @@ pyyaml==6.0.3 \
     --hash=sha256:f7057c9a337546edc7973c0d3ba84ddcdf0daa14533c2065749c9075001090e6 \
     --hash=sha256:fa160448684b4e94d80416c0fa4aac48967a969efe22931448d853ada8baf926 \
     --hash=sha256:fc09d0aa354569bc501d4e787133afc08552722d3ab34836a80547331bb5d4a0
-    # via -r coverage/requirements.in
+    # via -r score_coverage/requirements.in
diff --git a/score_coverage/tests/BUILD b/score_coverage/tests/BUILD
index 8fe2220..f2ca9b7 100644
--- a/score_coverage/tests/BUILD
+++ b/score_coverage/tests/BUILD
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ score_py_pytest(
     ],
 )
 
+score_py_pytest(
+    name = "gcov_reporter_test",
+    srcs = ["gcov_reporter_test.py"],
+    deps = [
+        ":traceability",
+        "//score_coverage:gcov_reporter_lib",
+    ],
+)
+
 score_py_pytest(
     name = "coverage_summary_test",
     srcs = ["coverage_summary_test.py"],
diff --git a/score_coverage/tests/effective_coverage_test.py b/score_coverage/tests/effective_coverage_test.py
index 0486971..2960ffb 100644
--- a/score_coverage/tests/effective_coverage_test.py
+++ b/score_coverage/tests/effective_coverage_test.py
@@ -661,6 +661,31 @@ def test_partial_covered_line_class(self):
         stats = ec._process_gcovr_file(page, {5: self._j("p")}, self.applied, self.stale)
         self.assertEqual(stats["justified_branches"], 1)
 
+    def test_bare_rows_of_non_instrumented_lines_do_not_shift_statuses(self):
+        # gcovr 8.x emits a bare <td class="linecount"></td> for lines the
+        # compiler emitted no code for (comments, blank lines, braces). The
+        # status of the next instrumented row must not be attributed to them.
+        bare = "".join(
+            '      <tr class="source-line">\n'
+            f'        <td class="lineno"><a id="l{n}" href="#l{n}">{n}</a></td>\n'
+            '        <td class="linebranch">\n        </td>\n'
+            '        <td class="linecount"></td>\n'
+            f'        <td class="src"><span class="c1">// line {n}</span></td>\n'
+            "      </tr>\n"
+            for n in range(1, 17)
+        )
+        self.page.write_text(_gcovr_source_page("src/coverable.cpp", bare + COVERABLE_ROWS), encoding="utf-8")
+        stats = ec._process_gcovr_file(self.page, {24: self._j("pos"), 19: self._j("cov")}, self.applied, self.stale)
+        self.assertEqual(stats, {"justified": 1, "stale": 1, "justified_branches": 0})
+        self.assertEqual(self.applied[0]["line"], 24)
+        self.assertEqual(self.stale[0]["line"], 19)
+        after = self.page.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        self.assertIn(
+            '<a id="l24" href="#l24">24</a></td>\n        <td class="linebranch">\n        </td>\n'
+            '        <td class="linecount justifiedLine show_justifiedLine">',
+            after,
+        )
+
     def test_no_justifications_leaves_page_untouched(self):
         before = self.page.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
         stats = ec._process_gcovr_file(self.page, {}, self.applied, self.stale)
diff --git a/score_coverage/tests/gcov_reporter_test.py b/score_coverage/tests/gcov_reporter_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76a6bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/score_coverage/tests/gcov_reporter_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+# *******************************************************************************
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Contributors to the Eclipse Foundation
+#
+# See the NOTICE file(s) distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+#
+# This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+# terms of the Apache License Version 2.0 which is available at
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# *******************************************************************************
+"""Unit tests for the gcov backend reporter (GCC on Linux, QCC on QNX)."""
+
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,missing-class-docstring,protected-access,consider-using-with
+# pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes
+
+import io
+import os
+import stat
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+import zipfile
+from contextlib import redirect_stderr
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+from score_coverage import gcov_reporter
+from score_coverage.gcov_reporter import FileRecord, parse_lcov, render_lcov
+from score_coverage.reporter import FileSelection
+from score_coverage.tests.traceability import verifies
+
+LCOV_A = """SF:src/a.cpp
+FN:3,_Z1ai
+FNDA:2,_Z1ai
+FNF:1
+FNH:1
+DA:3,2
+DA:4,1
+DA:5,0
+BRDA:4,0,0,1
+BRDA:4,0,1,0
+BRDA:6,0,0,-
+BRF:3
+BRH:1
+LF:3
+LH:2
+end_of_record
+"""
+
+LCOV_A_AGAIN = """SF:src/a.cpp
+FN:3,_Z1ai
+FNDA:1,_Z1ai
+DA:3,1
+DA:4,0
+DA:5,1
+BRDA:4,0,0,0
+BRDA:4,0,1,1
+BRDA:6,0,0,-
+LF:3
+LH:2
+end_of_record
+"""
+
+
+class _FakeRunfiles:
+    def __init__(self, mapping):
+        self.mapping = mapping
+
+    def Rlocation(self, path):  # noqa: N802  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+        if os.path.isabs(path):
+            return path
+        return self.mapping.get(path)
+
+
+GCOV_JSON = {
+    "format_version": "1",
+    "gcc_version": "12.2.0",
+    "current_working_directory": "/proc/self/cwd",
+    "data_file": "uncovered.pic.gcno",
+    "files": [
+        {
+            "file": "src/uncovered.cpp",
+            "functions": [{"name": "_Z1fv", "start_line": 16, "end_line": 20, "execution_count": 0}],
+            "lines": [
+                {"line_number": 16, "count": 0, "unexecuted_block": True, "branches": []},
+                {
+                    "line_number": 17,
+                    "count": 0,
+                    "unexecuted_block": True,
+                    "branches": [
+                        {"count": 0, "throw": False, "fallthrough": False},
+                        {"count": 0, "throw": False, "fallthrough": True},
+                    ],
+                },
+                {"line_number": 19, "count": 0, "unexecuted_block": True, "branches": []},
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "file": "bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h",
+            "functions": [],
+            "lines": [{"line_number": 5, "count": 0, "unexecuted_block": True, "branches": []}],
+        },
+    ],
+}
+
+
+def _fake_gcov(path: Path, payload: dict) -> Path:
+    path.write_text(
+        "#!/usr/bin/env python3\nimport json, sys\n"
+        "sys.stderr.write('x.gcda:cannot open data file, assuming not executed\\n')\n"
+        f"print(json.dumps({payload!r}))\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    path.chmod(path.stat().st_mode | stat.S_IXUSR)
+    return path
+
+
+@verifies("tool_req__coverage_gcov_merge")
+class ParseAndRenderLcovTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_parse_records_lines_branches_functions(self):
+        rec = parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"]
+        self.assertEqual(rec.lines, {3: 2, 4: 1, 5: 0})
+        self.assertEqual(rec.branches, {(4, "0", "0"): 1, (4, "0", "1"): 0, (6, "0", "0"): None})
+        self.assertEqual(rec.functions, {"_Z1ai": (3, 2)})
+
+    def test_records_of_two_tests_are_summed(self):
+        merged = FileRecord()
+        merged.add(parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"])
+        merged.add(parse_lcov(LCOV_A_AGAIN)["src/a.cpp"])
+        self.assertEqual(merged.lines, {3: 3, 4: 1, 5: 1})
+        # a branch taken in either run is taken; a block never reached in both stays '-'
+        self.assertEqual(merged.branches, {(4, "0", "0"): 1, (4, "0", "1"): 1, (6, "0", "0"): None})
+        self.assertEqual(merged.functions, {"_Z1ai": (3, 3)})
+
+    def test_never_reached_plus_count_is_count(self):
+        rec = FileRecord(branches={(1, "0", "0"): None})
+        rec.add(FileRecord(branches={(1, "0", "0"): 2}))
+        self.assertEqual(rec.branches, {(1, "0", "0"): 2})
+
+    def test_render_round_trip_and_totals(self):
+        rec = parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"]
+        text = render_lcov({"src/a.cpp": rec})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_lcov(text)["src/a.cpp"], rec)
+        self.assertIn("LF:3\nLH:2\n", text)
+        self.assertIn("BRF:3\nBRH:1\n", text)
+        self.assertIn("BRDA:6,0,0,-\n", text)
+        self.assertIn("FNF:1\nFNH:1\n", text)
+
+    def test_zeroed_keeps_structure(self):
+        zero = parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"].zeroed()
+        self.assertEqual(zero.lines, {3: 0, 4: 0, 5: 0})
+        self.assertEqual(zero.branches, {(4, "0", "0"): 0, (4, "0", "1"): 0, (6, "0", "0"): None})
+        self.assertEqual(zero.functions, {"_Z1ai": (3, 0)})
+
+    def test_negative_counts_are_clamped(self):
+        rec = parse_lcov("SF:x\nDA:1,-1\nBRDA:1,0,0,-3\nend_of_record\n")["x"]
+        self.assertEqual(rec.lines, {1: 0})
+        self.assertEqual(rec.branches, {(1, "0", "0"): 0})
+
+
+@verifies("tool_req__coverage_report_relative_paths", "tool_req__coverage_gcov_merge")
+class PathsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_normalize_raw(self):
+        for raw in ("/ws/src/a.cpp", "/proc/self/cwd/src/a.cpp", "./src/a.cpp", "src/a.cpp"):
+            self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.normalize_raw(raw, "/ws/"), "src/a.cpp")
+        self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.normalize_raw("/usr/include/x.h", "/ws"), "/usr/include/x.h")
+
+    def test_canonical_names_use_path_map_and_foreign_trees(self):
+        raws = {
+            "src/a.cpp",
+            "bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h",
+            "bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/twin/w/w.h",
+        }
+        names = gcov_reporter.canonical_names(
+            raws, {"src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h": "src/v/api.h"}, {"src/a.cpp", "src/v/api.h", "src/w/include/w/w.h"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(names["src/a.cpp"], "src/a.cpp")
+        self.assertEqual(names["bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h"], "src/v/api.h")
+        self.assertEqual(names["bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/twin/w/w.h"], "src/w/include/w/w.h")
+
+    def test_merge_by_name_sums_variants_of_one_file(self):
+        # One test records the header by its declared path, another through a
+        # virtual-include path: both runs count for the same file.
+        records = {
+            "src/v/api.h": parse_lcov("SF:x\nDA:5,1\nBRDA:5,0,0,1\nend_of_record\n")["x"],
+            "bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h": parse_lcov(
+                "SF:x\nDA:5,2\nDA:6,1\nBRDA:5,0,0,0\nend_of_record\n"
+            )["x"],
+            "src/a.cpp": parse_lcov("SF:x\nDA:1,1\nend_of_record\n")["x"],
+        }
+        canonical = {
+            "src/v/api.h": "src/v/api.h",
+            "bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h": "src/v/api.h",
+            "src/a.cpp": "src/a.cpp",
+        }
+        merged = gcov_reporter.merge_by_name(records, canonical)
+        self.assertEqual(set(merged), {"src/v/api.h", "src/a.cpp"})
+        self.assertEqual(merged["src/v/api.h"].lines, {5: 3, 6: 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merged["src/v/api.h"].branches, {(5, "0", "0"): 1})
+
+    def test_rust_sources_are_not_findings_on_gcov(self):
+        sel = FileSelection(unmapped={"src/a.h", "rust/lib.rs"})
+        self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.mark_not_instrumented(sel), {"rust/lib.rs"})
+        self.assertEqual(sel.unmapped, {"src/a.h"})
+
+
+@verifies("tool_req__coverage_gcov_baseline", "tool_req__coverage_report_baseline_zero")
+class BaselineTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_records_from_gcov_json(self):
+        records = gcov_reporter.records_from_gcov_json(GCOV_JSON)
+        unc = records["src/uncovered.cpp"]
+        self.assertEqual(unc.lines, {16: 0, 17: 0, 19: 0})
+        self.assertEqual(unc.branches, {(17, "0", "0"): 0, (17, "0", "1"): 0})
+        self.assertEqual(unc.functions, {"_Z1fv": (16, 0)})
+        self.assertIn("bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h", records)
+
+    def test_gcov_baseline_runs_the_tool_and_tolerates_failures(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+            gcov = _fake_gcov(Path(tmp) / "gcov", GCOV_JSON)
+            records = gcov_reporter.gcov_baseline(gcov, "x.gcno")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                set(records), {"src/uncovered.cpp", "bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h"}
+            )
+            broken = Path(tmp) / "broken"
+            broken.write_text("#!/bin/sh\necho not json\n", encoding="utf-8")
+            broken.chmod(0o755)
+            with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()):
+                self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.gcov_baseline(broken, "x.gcno"), {})
+            failing = Path(tmp) / "failing"
+            failing.write_text("#!/bin/sh\nexit 3\n", encoding="utf-8")
+            failing.chmod(0o755)
+            with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()):
+                self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.gcov_baseline(failing, "x.gcno"), {})
+
+    def test_gcno_manifest_resolution_and_missing_file_error(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+            root = Path(tmp)
+            (root / "a.gcno").write_bytes(b"")
+            manifest = root / "gcno.txt"
+            manifest.write_text("# comment\npkg/a.gcno\n\n", encoding="utf-8")
+            runfiles = _FakeRunfiles({"m/gcno.txt": str(manifest), "_main/pkg/a.gcno": str(root / "a.gcno")})
+            self.assertEqual(
+                gcov_reporter.load_gcno_manifest(runfiles, "m/gcno.txt"), {str(root / "a.gcno"): "pkg/a.gcno"}
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.load_gcno_manifest(runfiles, None), {})
+            with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()):
+                self.assertEqual(gcov_reporter.load_gcno_manifest(runfiles, "m/nope.txt"), {})
+            manifest.write_text("pkg/missing.gcno\n", encoding="utf-8")
+            with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()), self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+                gcov_reporter.load_gcno_manifest(runfiles, "m/gcno.txt")
+
+    def test_compiled_stems_from_gcno_paths(self):
+        stems = gcov_reporter.compiled_stems_from_gcno(
+            [
+                "src/_objs/uncovered/empty_unit.pic.gcno",
+                "src/_objs/uncovered/uncovered.gcno",
+                "_objs/tool/main.pic.gcno",
+                "src/not_a_gcno.o",
+            ]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(stems, {"src/empty_unit", "src/uncovered", "main"})
+
+    def test_merge_prefers_test_data_and_zeroes_baseline_only_files(self):
+        tested = {"src/a.cpp": parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"]}
+        baseline = {
+            "src/a.cpp": FileRecord(lines={3: 5}),  # must not be added on top of test data
+            "src/uncovered.cpp": FileRecord(lines={16: 0, 17: 0}, functions={"_Z1fv": (16, 0)}),
+        }
+        sel = FileSelection(staged={"src/a.cpp": "src/a.cpp", "src/uncovered.cpp": "src/uncovered.cpp"})
+        merged = gcov_reporter.merge_records(tested, baseline, sel)
+        self.assertEqual(merged["src/a.cpp"].lines, {3: 2, 4: 1, 5: 0})
+        self.assertEqual(merged["src/uncovered.cpp"].lines, {16: 0, 17: 0})
+        self.assertEqual(merged["src/uncovered.cpp"].functions, {"_Z1fv": (16, 0)})
+
+
+@verifies("tool_req__coverage_gcov_html", "tool_req__coverage_report_outputs")
+class GcovrRenderingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_tracefile_shape(self):
+        rec = parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"]
+        data = gcov_reporter.gcovr_tracefile({"src/a.cpp": rec})
+        self.assertEqual(data["gcovr/format_version"], "0.14")
+        entry = data["files"][0]
+        self.assertEqual(entry["file"], "src/a.cpp")
+        self.assertEqual([line["line_number"] for line in entry["lines"]], [3, 4, 5])
+        self.assertEqual([b["count"] for b in entry["lines"][1]["branches"]], [1, 0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(b["source_block_id"], b["destination_block_id"]) for b in entry["lines"][1]["branches"]], [(0, 0), (0, 1)]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(entry["functions"], [{"name": "_Z1ai", "lineno": 3, "execution_count": 2}])
+
+    def test_render_html_with_real_gcovr(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+            root = Path(tmp)
+            (root / "sources" / "src").mkdir(parents=True)
+            (root / "sources" / "src" / "a.cpp").write_text(
+                "int a;\nint b;\nint c(int x) {\n  if (x) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n  return 0;\n}\n", encoding="utf-8"
+            )
+            html_dir = root / "html_report"
+            html_dir.mkdir()
+            cwd = os.getcwd()
+            os.chdir(root)
+            try:
+                with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()):
+                    gcov_reporter.render_html(
+                        {"src/a.cpp": parse_lcov(LCOV_A)["src/a.cpp"]}, root / "sources", html_dir, root / "summary.txt"
+                    )
+            finally:
+                os.chdir(cwd)
+            names = sorted(p.name for p in html_dir.iterdir())
+            self.assertIn("index.html", names)
+            self.assertTrue(any(n.startswith("index.a.cpp.") and n.endswith(".html") for n in names), names)
+            summary = (root / "summary.txt").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+            self.assertIn("src/a.cpp", summary)
+            self.assertIn("TOTAL", summary)
+
+
+@verifies(
+    "tool_req__coverage_gcov_merge",
+    "tool_req__coverage_gcov_baseline",
+    "tool_req__coverage_report_allowlist",
+    "tool_req__coverage_report_unmapped",
+)
+class GcovReporterMainTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """main() end to end with two per-test LCOV files, a fake gcov and a scope."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.tmp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.root = Path(self.tmp.name)
+        self.ws = self.root / "ws"
+        for rel, text in {
+            "src/a.cpp": "int a;\n" * 8,
+            "src/uncovered.cpp": "int u;\n" * 20,
+            "src/v/api.h": "int api();\n" * 6,
+            "src/uncovered.h": "int u();\n",
+            "rust/lib.rs": "fn x() {}\n",
+        }.items():
+            (self.ws / rel).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            (self.ws / rel).write_text(text, encoding="utf-8")
+        (self.root / "t0.dat").write_text(
+            LCOV_A + "SF:external/gtest+/x.cc\nDA:1,1\nLF:1\nLH:1\nend_of_record\n", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        (self.root / "t1.dat").write_text(
+            LCOV_A_AGAIN
+            + "SF:bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h\nDA:5,3\nLF:1\nLH:1\nend_of_record\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        (self.root / "t2.dat").write_text("SF:src/v/api.h\nDA:5,4\nLF:1\nLH:1\nend_of_record\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        (self.root / "reports.txt").write_text(
+            f"{self.root}/t0.dat\n{self.root}/t1.dat\n{self.root}/t2.dat\n{self.root}/baseline_coverage.dat\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        (self.root / "baseline_coverage.dat").write_text("SF:src/a.cpp\nend_of_record\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.gcov = _fake_gcov(self.root / "gcov", GCOV_JSON)
+        (self.root / "uncovered.pic.gcno").write_bytes(b"gcno")
+        (self.root / "empty_unit.pic.gcno").write_bytes(b"gcno")
+        (self.root / "gcno.txt").write_text(
+            "src/_objs/uncovered/uncovered.pic.gcno\nsrc/_objs/uncovered/empty_unit.pic.gcno\n", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        (self.ws / "src" / "empty_unit.cpp").write_text('#include "u.h"\n', encoding="utf-8")
+        (self.root / "allow.txt").write_text(
+            "src/a.cpp\nsrc/uncovered.cpp\nsrc/uncovered.h\nsrc/v/api.h\nrust/lib.rs\nsrc/empty_unit.cpp\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        (self.root / "map.txt").write_text("src/_virtual_includes/v/api.h\tsrc/v/api.h\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.runfiles = _FakeRunfiles(
+            {
+                "m/gcov": str(self.gcov),
+                "m/gcno.txt": str(self.root / "gcno.txt"),
+                "_main/src/_objs/uncovered/uncovered.pic.gcno": str(self.root / "uncovered.pic.gcno"),
+                "_main/src/_objs/uncovered/empty_unit.pic.gcno": str(self.root / "empty_unit.pic.gcno"),
+                "m/allow.txt": str(self.root / "allow.txt"),
+                "m/map.txt": str(self.root / "map.txt"),
+            }
+        )
+        self.output = self.root / "out.zip"
+        self.workdir = self.root / "work"
+        self.workdir.mkdir()
+        self.cwd = os.getcwd()
+        os.chdir(self.workdir)
+        self.patch = mock.patch.object(gcov_reporter.Runfiles, "Create", return_value=self.runfiles)
+        self.patch.start()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.patch.stop()
+        os.chdir(self.cwd)
+        self.tmp.cleanup()
+
+    def _argv(self, **extra):
+        argv = [
+            "--output_file",
+            str(self.output),
+            "--reports_file",
+            str(self.root / "reports.txt"),
+            "--workspace_root",
+            str(self.ws),
+            "--gcov",
+            "m/gcov",
+            "--gcno_manifest",
+            "m/gcno.txt",
+            "--coverage_allowlist",
+            "m/allow.txt",
+            "--path_map",
+            "m/map.txt",
+        ]
+        for k, v in extra.items():
+            argv += [f"--{k}", str(v)]
+        return argv
+
+    def test_full_report(self):
+        err = io.StringIO()
+        with redirect_stderr(err):
+            gcov_reporter.main(self._argv())
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(self.output) as zf:
+            names = set(zf.namelist())
+            lcov = zf.read("lcov_report/lcov.dat").decode()
+            unmapped = zf.read("text_report/unmapped_files.txt").decode()
+            summary = zf.read("text_report/summary.txt").decode()
+        self.assertIn("html_report/index.html", names)
+        self.assertTrue(any(n.startswith("html_report/index.a.cpp.") for n in names), names)
+        # two tests summed for a.cpp; the virtual-include header under its declared path;
+        # the untested TU from the gcno baseline at 0; gtest excluded
+        self.assertIn("SF:src/a.cpp\n", lcov)
+        self.assertIn("DA:3,3\n", lcov)
+        # api.h recorded under its virtual path by one test (3) and under its
+        # declared path by another (4): one record, counts summed
+        self.assertIn("SF:src/v/api.h\nDA:5,7\n", lcov)
+        self.assertEqual(lcov.count("SF:src/v/api.h\n"), 1)
+        self.assertIn("SF:src/uncovered.cpp\n", lcov)
+        self.assertIn("DA:16,0\n", lcov)
+        self.assertIn("FNDA:0,_Z1fv\n", lcov)
+        self.assertNotIn("gtest", lcov)
+        self.assertNotIn("_virtual_includes", lcov)
+        # uncovered.h: declaration-only (its .cpp has data); lib.rs: not instrumentable
+        self.assertIn("declaration-only\tsrc/uncovered.h\n", unmapped)
+        self.assertIn("not-instrumented\trust/lib.rs\n", unmapped)
+        self.assertIn("compiled-without-code\tsrc/empty_unit.cpp\n", unmapped)
+        self.assertNotIn("no-data", unmapped)
+        self.assertIn("TOTAL", summary)
+        self.assertIn("3 per-test reports cover", err.getvalue())
+        self.assertIn("1 allowlisted files only in baseline", err.getvalue())
+        # the staged sources sit under the raw layout so gcovr found them
+        self.assertTrue((self.workdir / "sources" / "src" / "a.cpp").exists())
+
+    def test_no_reports_writes_empty_zip(self):
+        (self.root / "reports.txt").write_text(f"{self.root}/baseline_coverage.dat\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()):
+            gcov_reporter.main(self._argv())
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(self.output) as zf:
+            self.assertEqual(zf.namelist(), [])
+
+    def test_missing_gcov_is_an_error(self):
+        with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()), self.assertRaises(SystemExit) as ctx:
+            gcov_reporter.main(self._argv(gcov="m/nope"))
+        self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.code, 1)
+
+    def test_empty_allowlist_is_an_error(self):
+        (self.root / "allow.txt").write_text("# nothing\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        with redirect_stderr(io.StringIO()), self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+            gcov_reporter.main(self._argv())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/score_coverage/tests/starlark/coverage_scope_tests.bzl b/score_coverage/tests/starlark/coverage_scope_tests.bzl
index 96970f7..f2e7ee2 100644
--- a/score_coverage/tests/starlark/coverage_scope_tests.bzl
+++ b/score_coverage/tests/starlark/coverage_scope_tests.bzl
@@ -241,6 +241,24 @@ def _test_output_groups_impl(env, target):
         _PKG + "/" + target.label.name + "_objects.txt",
     ])
 
+# --- gcov backend outputs ----------------------------------------------------
+
+def _test_gcno_manifest_and_output_groups(name):
+    coverage_scope(name = name + "_subject", testonly = True, deps = [_FIX + ":mid"])
+    analysis_test(name = name, impl = _test_gcno_manifest_and_output_groups_impl, target = name + "_subject")
+
+def _test_gcno_manifest_and_output_groups_impl(env, target):
+    # The manifest is always written; its content lists the .gcno notes of the
+    # in-scope translation units when the resolved C++ toolchain emits them
+    # (GCC / QCC) and is empty under an LLVM covmap toolchain.
+    subject = env.expect.that_target(target)
+    subject.output_group("gcno").contains_exactly([_PKG + "/" + target.label.name + "_gcno.txt"])
+    manifest = env.expect.that_target(target).action_generating(
+        _PKG + "/" + target.label.name + "_gcno.txt",
+    ).content()
+    manifest.not_equals("external/")
+    subject.default_outputs().contains_at_least([_PKG + "/" + target.label.name + "_gcno.txt"])
+
 def coverage_scope_test_suite(name):
     test_suite(
         name = name,
@@ -258,5 +276,6 @@ def coverage_scope_test_suite(name):
             _test_rust_library_sources_and_archive,
             _test_rust_binary_collects_crate_sources_and_executable,
             _test_output_groups,
+            _test_gcno_manifest_and_output_groups,
         ],
     )
diff --git a/tools/self_coverage_gate.py b/tools/self_coverage_gate.py
index 7c5a192..8970603 100644
--- a/tools/self_coverage_gate.py
+++ b/tools/self_coverage_gate.py
@@ -95,30 +95,73 @@ def in_scope(path: str) -> bool:
     return path.startswith(SCOPE_PREFIX) and not path.startswith(EXCLUDED_PREFIX)
 
 
+def _record_line(
+    current: FileCoverage,
+    line: str,
+    lines: dict[str, dict[int, int]],
+    branches: dict[str, dict[tuple[int, str], bool]],
+) -> bool:
+    """Fold one LCOV line into the per-file detail maps; True when it was a DA or BRDA line."""
+    key, _, value = line.partition(":")
+    if key == "DA":
+        number, _, hits = value.partition(",")
+        file_lines = lines.setdefault(current.path, {})
+        file_lines[int(number)] = max(file_lines.get(int(number), 0), int(hits.split(",")[0]))
+        return True
+    if key == "BRDA":
+        number, block, _, taken = value.split(",", 3)
+        file_branches = branches.setdefault(current.path, {})
+        identity = (int(number), block)
+        file_branches[identity] = file_branches.get(identity, False) or (taken not in ("-", "0"))
+        return True
+    if key in ("LF", "LH", "BRF", "BRH"):
+        number = int(value)
+        if number < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"negative {key} in record for {current.path}")
+        attr = {"LF": "lines_found", "LH": "lines_hit", "BRF": "branches_found", "BRH": "branches_hit"}[key]
+        setattr(current, attr, getattr(current, attr) + number)
+    return False
+
+
 def parse_lcov(path: Path) -> Totals:
-    """Aggregate LF/LH/BRF/BRH per in-scope source file (records may repeat per test)."""
+    """Aggregate line and branch coverage per in-scope source file.
+
+    Lines are keyed by line number and branches by ``(line, block)``, each
+    counted once and hit when any record hits it. coverage.py numbers the
+    third BRDA field differently from run to run (it encodes whether the arc
+    was taken), so when two test targets import the same module Bazel's LCOV
+    merger lists the same arc twice and the record's own ``BRF`` overstates
+    the branch count. Records without DA/BRDA lines fall back to their
+    LF/LH/BRF/BRH summary, summed per file.
+    """
     if not path.is_file():
         raise FileNotFoundError(f"LCOV file not found: {path}")
     per_file: dict[str, FileCoverage] = {}
+    lines: dict[str, dict[int, int]] = {}
+    branches: dict[str, dict[tuple[int, str], bool]] = {}
     current: FileCoverage | None = None
+    saw_detail = False
     with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         for raw in f:
             line = raw.rstrip("\n")
             if line.startswith("SF:"):
                 current = FileCoverage(path=line[3:])
+                saw_detail = False
             elif line == "end_of_record":
-                if current is not None and in_scope(current.path):
+                if current is not None and in_scope(current.path) and not saw_detail:
                     per_file.setdefault(current.path, FileCoverage(path=current.path)).add(current)
+                elif current is not None and in_scope(current.path):
+                    per_file.setdefault(current.path, FileCoverage(path=current.path))
                 current = None
             elif current is not None:
-                key, _, value = line.partition(":")
-                if key in ("LF", "LH", "BRF", "BRH"):
-                    number = int(value)
-                    if number < 0:
-                        raise ValueError(f"negative {key} in record for {current.path}")
-                    attr = {"LF": "lines_found", "LH": "lines_hit", "BRF": "branches_found", "BRH": "branches_hit"}[key]
-                    setattr(current, attr, getattr(current, attr) + number)
-    for fc in per_file.values():
+                saw_detail = _record_line(current, line, lines, branches) or saw_detail
+    for name, fc in per_file.items():
+        if name in lines:
+            fc.lines_found += len(lines[name])
+            fc.lines_hit += sum(1 for hits in lines[name].values() if hits > 0)
+        if name in branches:
+            fc.branches_found += len(branches[name])
+            fc.branches_hit += sum(1 for hit in branches[name].values() if hit)
         if fc.lines_hit > fc.lines_found or fc.branches_hit > fc.branches_found:
             raise ValueError(f"corrupt LCOV record for {fc.path}: hit count exceeds found count")
     return Totals(files=sorted(per_file.values(), key=lambda fc: fc.path))
diff --git a/tools/self_coverage_gate_test.py b/tools/self_coverage_gate_test.py
index 5e5d4f8..b41fb2f 100644
--- a/tools/self_coverage_gate_test.py
+++ b/tools/self_coverage_gate_test.py
@@ -33,6 +33,16 @@
     "SF:score_coverage/b.py\nLF:10\nLH:0\nBRF:2\nBRH:0\nend_of_record\n"
 )
 
+# coverage.py detail records of the same file from two test targets: the
+# third BRDA field differs between runs for the same arc (line 7, block 131),
+# and Bazel's merger keeps both; the gate must count that arc once, as hit.
+LCOV_DETAIL = (
+    "SF:score_coverage/c.py\nDA:1,3\nDA:2,0\nDA:3,1\n"
+    "BRDA:7,131,1,1\nBRDA:7,132,1,1\nBRDA:9,140,0,-\nLF:3\nLH:2\nBRF:3\nBRH:2\nend_of_record\n"
+    "SF:score_coverage/c.py\nDA:1,0\nDA:2,2\nDA:3,0\n"
+    "BRDA:7,131,0,-\nBRDA:7,132,1,1\nBRDA:9,140,0,-\nLF:3\nLH:1\nBRF:3\nBRH:1\nend_of_record\n"
+)
+
 
 class ParseLcovTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -51,6 +61,13 @@ def test_scope_and_aggregation(self):
         self.assertEqual((totals.lines_found, totals.lines_hit), (30, 17))
         self.assertEqual((totals.branches_found, totals.branches_hit), (10, 5))
 
+    def test_detail_records_dedupe_lines_and_branches(self):
+        self.lcov.write_text(LCOV_DETAIL, encoding="utf-8")
+        totals = gate.parse_lcov(self.lcov)
+        c = totals.files[0]
+        # 3 lines, all hit in some run; 3 distinct (line, block) arcs, 2 taken in some run
+        self.assertEqual((c.lines_found, c.lines_hit, c.branches_found, c.branches_hit), (3, 3, 3, 2))
+
     def test_missing_file(self):
         with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError):
             gate.parse_lcov(self.lcov.parent / "missing")