config-file-reference.md

---
title: "Configuration file"
linkTitle: "Configuration file"
weight: 1
slug: configuration-file
---

<!-- DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - This file has been automatically generated from its .template -->

Cortex can be configured using a YAML file - specified using the `-config.file` flag - or CLI flags. In case you combine both, CLI flags take precedence over the YAML config file.

The current configuration of any Cortex component can be seen by visiting the `/config` HTTP path.
Passwords are filtered out of this endpoint.

## Reference

To specify which configuration file to load, pass the `-config.file` flag at the command line. The file is written in [YAML format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML), defined by the scheme below. Brackets indicate that a parameter is optional.

### Generic placeholders

* `<boolean>`: a boolean that can take the values `true` or `false`
* `<int>`: any integer matching the regular expression `[1-9]+[0-9]*`
* `<duration>`: a duration matching the regular expression `[0-9]+(ns|us|µs|ms|s|m|h|d|w|y)` where y = 365 days.
* `<string>`: a regular string
* `<url>`: a URL
* `<prefix>`: a CLI flag prefix based on the context (look at the parent configuration block to see which CLI flags prefix should be used)
* `<relabel_config>`: a [Prometheus relabeling configuration](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#relabel_config).
* `<time>`: a timestamp, with available formats: `2006-01-20` (midnight, local timezone), `2006-01-20T15:04` (local timezone), and RFC 3339 formats: `2006-01-20T15:04:05Z` (UTC) or `2006-01-20T15:04:05+07:00` (explicit timezone)

### Use environment variables in the configuration

You can use environment variable references in the config file to set values that need to be configurable during deployment by using the `-config.expand-env` flag.
To do this, use:

```
${VAR}
```

Where VAR is the name of the environment variable.

Each variable reference is replaced at startup by the value of the environment variable.
The replacement is case-sensitive and occurs before the YAML file is parsed.
References to undefined variables are replaced by empty strings unless you specify a default value or custom error text.

To specify a default value, use:

```
${VAR:default_value}
```

Where default_value is the value to use if the environment variable is undefined.

### Supported contents and default values of the config file

```yaml
# Comma-separated list of Cortex modules to load. The alias 'all' can be used in
# the list to load a number of core modules and will enable single-binary mode.
# Use '-modules' command line flag to get a list of available modules, and to
# see which modules are included in 'all'.
# CLI flag: -target
[target: <string> | default = "all"]

# Set to false to disable auth.
# CLI flag: -auth.enabled
[auth_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

# HTTP path prefix for Cortex API.
# CLI flag: -http.prefix
[http_prefix: <string> | default = "/api/prom"]

# Name validation scheme for metric names and label names, Support values are:
# legacy, utf8.
# CLI flag: -name-validation-scheme
[name_validation_scheme: <int> | default = legacy]

resource_monitor:
  # Comma-separated list of resources to monitor. Supported values are cpu and
  # heap, which tracks metrics from github.com/prometheus/procfs and
  # runtime/metrics that are close estimates. Empty string to disable.
  # CLI flag: -resource-monitor.resources
  [resources: <string> | default = ""]

  # Update interval of resource monitor. Must be greater than 0.
  # CLI flag: -resource-monitor.interval
  [interval: <duration> | default = 100ms]

  # Interval to calculate average CPU rate. Must be greater than resource
  # monitor interval.
  # CLI flag: -resource-monitor.cpu-rate-interval
  [cpu_rate_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

api:
  # Use GZIP compression for API responses. Some endpoints serve large YAML or
  # JSON blobs which can benefit from compression.
  # CLI flag: -api.response-compression-enabled
  [response_compression_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # HTTP URL path under which the Alertmanager ui and api will be served.
  # CLI flag: -http.alertmanager-http-prefix
  [alertmanager_http_prefix: <string> | default = "/alertmanager"]

  # HTTP URL path under which the Prometheus api will be served.
  # CLI flag: -http.prometheus-http-prefix
  [prometheus_http_prefix: <string> | default = "/prometheus"]

  # Which HTTP Request headers to add to logs
  # CLI flag: -api.http-request-headers-to-log
  [http_request_headers_to_log: <list of string> | default = []]

  # HTTP header that can be used as request id
  # CLI flag: -api.request-id-header
  [request_id_header: <string> | default = ""]

  # Regex for CORS origin. It is fully anchored. Example:
  # 'https?://(domain1|domain2)\.com'
  # CLI flag: -server.cors-origin
  [cors_origin: <string> | default = ".*"]

  # If enabled, build Info API will be served by query frontend or querier.
  # CLI flag: -api.build-info-enabled
  [build_info_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Choose default codec for querier response serialization. Supports 'json' and
  # 'protobuf'.
  # CLI flag: -api.querier-default-codec
  [querier_default_codec: <string> | default = "json"]

# The server_config configures the HTTP and gRPC server of the launched
# service(s).
[server: <server_config>]

# The distributor_config configures the Cortex distributor.
[distributor: <distributor_config>]

# The querier_config configures the Cortex querier.
[querier: <querier_config>]

# The ingester_client_config configures how the Cortex distributors connect to
# the ingesters.
[ingester_client: <ingester_client_config>]

# The ingester_config configures the Cortex ingester.
[ingester: <ingester_config>]

# The flusher_config configures the WAL flusher target, used to manually run
# one-time flushes when scaling down ingesters.
[flusher: <flusher_config>]

# The storage_config configures the storage type Cortex uses.
[storage: <storage_config>]

# The limits_config configures default and per-tenant limits imposed by Cortex
# services (ie. distributor, ingester, ...).
[limits: <limits_config>]

# The frontend_worker_config configures the worker - running within the Cortex
# querier - picking up and executing queries enqueued by the query-frontend or
# query-scheduler.
[frontend_worker: <frontend_worker_config>]

# The query_frontend_config configures the Cortex query-frontend.
[frontend: <query_frontend_config>]

# The query_range_config configures the query splitting and caching in the
# Cortex query-frontend.
[query_range: <query_range_config>]

# The blocks_storage_config configures the blocks storage.
[blocks_storage: <blocks_storage_config>]

# The compactor_config configures the compactor for the blocks storage.
[compactor: <compactor_config>]

parquet_converter:
  # Maximum concurrent goroutines for downloading block metadata from object
  # storage.
  # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.meta-sync-concurrency
  [meta_sync_concurrency: <int> | default = 20]

  # How often to check for new TSDB blocks to convert to parquet format.
  # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.conversion-interval
  [conversion_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Maximum number of time series per parquet row group. Larger values improve
  # compression but may reduce performance during reads.
  # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.max-rows-per-row-group
  [max_rows_per_row_group: <int> | default = 1000000]

  # Enable disk-based write buffering to reduce memory consumption during
  # parquet file generation.
  # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.file-buffer-enabled
  [file_buffer_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Local directory path for caching TSDB blocks during parquet conversion.
  # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.data-dir
  [data_dir: <string> | default = "./data"]

  ring:
    kvstore:
      # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
      # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
      # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.store
      [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

      # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
      # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.prefix
      [prefix: <string> | default = "collectors/"]

      # The consul_config configures the consul client.
      # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: parquet-converter.ring
      [consul: <consul_config>]

      dynamodb:
        # Region to access dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.dynamodb.region
        [region: <string> | default = ""]

        # Table name to use on dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.dynamodb.table-name
        [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

        # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.dynamodb.ttl-time
        [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

        # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
        [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

        # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
        [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

        # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.dynamodb.timeout
        [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

      # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
      # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: parquet-converter.ring
      [etcd: <etcd_config>]

      multi:
        # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.multi.primary
        [primary: <string> | default = ""]

        # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.multi.secondary
        [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

        # Mirror writes to secondary store.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.multi.mirror-enabled
        [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
        # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.multi.mirror-timeout
        [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

    # Period at which to heartbeat to the ring. 0 = disabled.
    # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.heartbeat-period
    [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 5s]

    # The heartbeat timeout after which parquet-converter are considered
    # unhealthy within the ring. 0 = never (timeout disabled).
    # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.heartbeat-timeout
    [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

    # Time since last heartbeat before parquet-converter will be removed from
    # ring. 0 to disable
    # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.auto-forget-delay
    [auto_forget_delay: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # File path where tokens are stored. If empty, tokens are not stored at
    # shutdown and restored at startup.
    # CLI flag: -parquet-converter.ring.tokens-file-path
    [tokens_file_path: <string> | default = ""]

# The store_gateway_config configures the store-gateway service used by the
# blocks storage.
[store_gateway: <store_gateway_config>]

tenant_federation:
  # If enabled on all Cortex services, queries can be federated across multiple
  # tenants. The tenant IDs involved need to be specified separated by a `|`
  # character in the `X-Scope-OrgID` header.
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.enabled
  [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The number of workers used to process each federated query.
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.max-concurrent
  [max_concurrent: <int> | default = 16]

  # A maximum number of tenants to query at once. 0 means no limit.
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.max-tenant
  [max_tenant: <int> | default = 0]

  # [Experimental] If enabled, the `X-Scope-OrgID` header value can accept a
  # regex and the matched tenantIDs are automatically involved. The regex
  # matching rule follows the Prometheus, see the detail:
  # https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#regular-expressions.
  # The user discovery is based on scanning block storage, so new users can get
  # queries after uploading a block (generally 2h).
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.regex-matcher-enabled
  [regex_matcher_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # [Experimental] If the regex matcher is enabled, it specifies how frequently
  # to scan users. The scanned users are used to calculate matched tenantIDs.
  # The scanning strategy depends on the
  # `-blocks-storage.users-scanner.strategy`.
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.user-sync-interval
  [user_sync_interval: <duration> | default = 5m]

  # [Experimental] Cache size of regex match results used by regex resolver.
  # Each cache entry includes both regex patterns (e.g. `user-.+`) and resolved
  # tenant IDs (e.g. `user-1`). Set to 0 or less to disable caching.
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.regex-cache-size
  [regex_cache_size: <int> | default = 1000]

  # [Experimental] If enabled, query errors from individual tenants are treated
  # as warnings, allowing partial results to be returned.
  # CLI flag: -tenant-federation.allow-partial-data
  [allow_partial_data: <boolean> | default = false]

# The ruler_config configures the Cortex ruler.
[ruler: <ruler_config>]

# The ruler_storage_config configures the Cortex ruler storage backend.
[ruler_storage: <ruler_storage_config>]

# The configs_config configures the Cortex Configs DB and API.
[configs: <configs_config>]

# The alertmanager_config configures the Cortex alertmanager.
[alertmanager: <alertmanager_config>]

# The alertmanager_storage_config configures the Cortex alertmanager storage
# backend.
[alertmanager_storage: <alertmanager_storage_config>]

# The runtime_configuration_storage_config configures the storage backend for
# the runtime configuration file.
[runtime_config: <runtime_configuration_storage_config>]

# The memberlist_config configures the Gossip memberlist.
[memberlist: <memberlist_config>]

query_scheduler:
  # If a querier disconnects without sending notification about graceful
  # shutdown, the query-scheduler will keep the querier in the tenant's shard
  # until the forget delay has passed. This feature is useful to reduce the
  # blast radius when shuffle-sharding is enabled.
  # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.querier-forget-delay
  [querier_forget_delay: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # This configures the gRPC client used to report errors back to the
  # query-frontend.
  grpc_client_config:
    # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
    [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

    # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.grpc-max-send-msg-size
    [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

    # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
    # 'snappy', 'snappy-block' ,'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.grpc-compression
    [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

    # Rate limit for gRPC client; 0 means disabled.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.grpc-client-rate-limit
    [rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

    # Rate limit burst for gRPC client.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.grpc-client-rate-limit-burst
    [rate_limit_burst: <int> | default = 0]

    # Enable backoff and retry when we hit ratelimits.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.backoff-on-ratelimits
    [backoff_on_ratelimits: <boolean> | default = false]

    backoff_config:
      # Minimum delay when backing off.
      # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.backoff-min-period
      [min_period: <duration> | default = 100ms]

      # Maximum delay when backing off.
      # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.backoff-max-period
      [max_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

      # Number of times to backoff and retry before failing.
      # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.backoff-retries
      [max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

    # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any
    # other TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server
    # will be used.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.tls-enabled
    [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
    # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.tls-cert-path
    [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

    # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
    # certificate to be configured.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.tls-key-path
    [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

    # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against.
    # If not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.tls-ca-path
    [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

    # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.tls-server-name
    [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

    # Skip validating server certificate.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.tls-insecure-skip-verify
    [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
    # using default gRPC client connect timeout 20s.
    # CLI flag: -query-scheduler.grpc-client-config.connect-timeout
    [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# The tracing_config configures backends cortex uses.
[tracing: <tracing_config>]
```

### `alertmanager_config`

The `alertmanager_config` configures the Cortex alertmanager.

```yaml
# Base path for data storage.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.storage.path
[data_dir: <string> | default = "data/"]

# How long to keep data for.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.storage.retention
[retention: <duration> | default = 120h]

# The URL under which Alertmanager is externally reachable (for example, if
# Alertmanager is served via a reverse proxy). Used for generating relative and
# absolute links back to Alertmanager itself. If the URL has a path portion, it
# will be used to prefix all HTTP endpoints served by Alertmanager. If omitted,
# relevant URL components will be derived automatically.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.web.external-url
[external_url: <url> | default = ]

# How frequently to poll Cortex configs
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.configs.poll-interval
[poll_interval: <duration> | default = 15s]

# Maximum size (bytes) of an accepted HTTP request body.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-recv-msg-size
[max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

# Shard tenants across multiple alertmanager instances.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-enabled
[sharding_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

sharding_ring:
  # The key-value store used to share the hash ring across multiple instances.
  kvstore:
    # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
    # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.store
    [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

    # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.prefix
    [prefix: <string> | default = "alertmanagers/"]

    # The consul_config configures the consul client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: alertmanager.sharding-ring
    [consul: <consul_config>]

    dynamodb:
      # Region to access dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.dynamodb.region
      [region: <string> | default = ""]

      # Table name to use on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.dynamodb.table-name
      [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.dynamodb.ttl-time
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

      # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
      [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

      # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
      [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

      # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.dynamodb.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: alertmanager.sharding-ring
    [etcd: <etcd_config>]

    multi:
      # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.multi.primary
      [primary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.multi.secondary
      [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Mirror writes to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.multi.mirror-enabled
      [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.multi.mirror-timeout
      [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

  # Period at which to heartbeat to the ring. 0 = disabled.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.heartbeat-period
  [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 15s]

  # The heartbeat timeout after which alertmanagers are considered unhealthy
  # within the ring. 0 = never (timeout disabled).
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.heartbeat-timeout
  [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # The replication factor to use when sharding the alertmanager.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.replication-factor
  [replication_factor: <int> | default = 3]

  # True to enable zone-awareness and replicate alerts across different
  # availability zones.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.zone-awareness-enabled
  [zone_awareness_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # File path where tokens are stored. If empty, tokens are not stored at
  # shutdown and restored at startup.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.tokens-file-path
  [tokens_file_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Set to true to enable ring detailed metrics. These metrics provide detailed
  # information, such as token count and ownership per tenant. Disabling them
  # can significantly decrease the number of metrics emitted.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.detailed-metrics-enabled
  [detailed_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Disable extending the replica set when instances are unhealthy. This limits
  # blast radius during config corruption incidents but reduces availability
  # during normal failures.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.disable-replica-set-extension
  [disable_replica_set_extension: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The sleep seconds when alertmanager is shutting down. Need to be close to or
  # larger than KV Store information propagation delay
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.final-sleep
  [final_sleep: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # Timeout for waiting on alertmanager to become desired state in the ring.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.wait-instance-state-timeout
  [wait_instance_state_timeout: <duration> | default = 10m]

  # Keep instance in the ring on shut down.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.keep-instance-in-the-ring-on-shutdown
  [keep_instance_in_the_ring_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Name of network interface to read address from.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.instance-interface-names
  [instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

  # The availability zone where this instance is running. Required if
  # zone-awareness is enabled.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.sharding-ring.instance-availability-zone
  [instance_availability_zone: <string> | default = ""]

# Filename of fallback config to use if none specified for instance.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.configs.fallback
[fallback_config_file: <string> | default = ""]

# Root of URL to generate if config is http://internal.monitor
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.configs.auto-webhook-root
[auto_webhook_root: <string> | default = ""]

cluster:
  # Listen address and port for the cluster. Not specifying this flag disables
  # high-availability mode.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.cluster.listen-address
  [listen_address: <string> | default = "0.0.0.0:9094"]

  # Explicit address or hostname to advertise in cluster.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.cluster.advertise-address
  [advertise_address: <string> | default = ""]

  # Comma-separated list of initial peers.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.cluster.peers
  [peers: <string> | default = ""]

  # Time to wait between peers to send notifications.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.cluster.peer-timeout
  [peer_timeout: <duration> | default = 15s]

  # The interval between sending gossip messages. By lowering this value (more
  # frequent) gossip messages are propagated across cluster more quickly at the
  # expense of increased bandwidth usage.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.cluster.gossip-interval
  [gossip_interval: <duration> | default = 200ms]

  # The interval between gossip state syncs. Setting this interval lower (more
  # frequent) will increase convergence speeds across larger clusters at the
  # expense of increased bandwidth usage.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.cluster.push-pull-interval
  [push_pull_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Deprecated: Use -alertmanager.enable-api instead.
# CLI flag: -experimental.alertmanager.enable-api
[enable_api: <boolean> | default = false]

# Maximum number of concurrent GET API requests before returning an error.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.api-concurrency
[api_concurrency: <int> | default = 0]

# Alertmanager alerts Garbage collection interval.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.alerts-gc-interval
[gc_interval: <duration> | default = 30m]

alertmanager_client:
  # Timeout for downstream alertmanagers.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.remote-timeout
  [remote_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
  [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

  # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.grpc-max-send-msg-size
  [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 4194304]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 5s.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager.alertmanager-client.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# The interval between persisting the current alertmanager state (notification
# log and silences) to object storage. This is only used when sharding is
# enabled. This state is read when all replicas for a shard can not be
# contacted. In this scenario, having persisted the state more frequently will
# result in potentially fewer lost silences, and fewer duplicate notifications.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.persist-interval
[persist_interval: <duration> | default = 15m]

# Comma separated list of tenants whose alerts this alertmanager can process. If
# specified, only these tenants will be handled by alertmanager, otherwise this
# alertmanager can process alerts from all tenants.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.enabled-tenants
[enabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

# Comma separated list of tenants whose alerts this alertmanager cannot process.
# If specified, a alertmanager that would normally pick the specified tenant(s)
# for processing will ignore them instead.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.disabled-tenants
[disabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]
```

### `alertmanager_storage_config`

The `alertmanager_storage_config` configures the Cortex alertmanager storage backend.

```yaml
# Backend storage to use. Supported backends are: s3, gcs, azure, swift,
# filesystem, configdb, local.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.backend
[backend: <string> | default = "s3"]

s3:
  # The S3 bucket endpoint. It could be an AWS S3 endpoint listed at
  # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/s3.html or the address of an
  # S3-compatible service in hostname:port format.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.endpoint
  [endpoint: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 region. If unset, the client will issue a S3 GetBucketLocation API call
  # to autodetect it.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.region
  [region: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 bucket name
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, S3 endpoint will use the non-dualstack variant.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.disable-dualstack
  [disable_dualstack: <boolean> | default = false]

  # S3 secret access key
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.secret-access-key
  [secret_access_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 access key ID
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.access-key-id
  [access_key_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, use http:// for the S3 endpoint instead of https://. This could
  # be useful in local dev/test environments while using an S3-compatible
  # backend storage, like Minio.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.insecure
  [insecure: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The signature version to use for authenticating against S3. Supported values
  # are: v4, v2.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.signature-version
  [signature_version: <string> | default = "v4"]

  # The s3 bucket lookup style. Supported values are: auto, virtual-hosted,
  # path.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.bucket-lookup-type
  [bucket_lookup_type: <string> | default = "auto"]

  # If true, attach MD5 checksum when upload objects and S3 uses MD5 checksum
  # algorithm to verify the provided digest. If false, use CRC32C algorithm
  # instead.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.send-content-md5
  [send_content_md5: <boolean> | default = true]

  # The list api version. Supported values are: v1, v2, and ''.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.list-objects-version
  [list_objects_version: <string> | default = ""]

  # The s3_sse_config configures the S3 server-side encryption.
  # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: alertmanager-storage
  [sse: <s3_sse_config>]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.s3.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

gcs:
  # GCS bucket name
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.gcs.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # JSON representing either a Google Developers Console client_credentials.json
  # file or a Google Developers service account key file. If empty, fallback to
  # Google default logic.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.gcs.service-account
  [service_account: <string> | default = ""]

azure:
  # Azure storage account name
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.account-name
  [account_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage account key
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.account-key
  [account_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # The values of `account-name` and `endpoint-suffix` values will not be
  # ignored if `connection-string` is set. Use this method over `account-key` if
  # you need to authenticate via a SAS token or if you use the Azurite emulator.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.connection-string
  [connection_string: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage container name
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage endpoint suffix without schema. The account name will be
  # prefixed to this value to create the FQDN
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.endpoint-suffix
  [endpoint_suffix: <string> | default = ""]

  # Number of retries for recoverable errors
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 20]

  # Deprecated: Azure storage MSI resource. It will be set automatically by
  # Azure SDK.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.msi-resource
  [msi_resource: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage MSI resource managed identity client Id. If not supplied
  # default Azure credential will be used. Set it to empty if you need to
  # authenticate via Azure Workload Identity.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.user-assigned-id
  [user_assigned_id: <string> | default = ""]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.azure.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

swift:
  # OpenStack Swift authentication API version. 0 to autodetect.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.auth-version
  [auth_version: <int> | default = 0]

  # OpenStack Swift authentication URL
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.auth-url
  [auth_url: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential ID.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.application-credential-id
  [application_credential_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential name.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.application-credential-name
  [application_credential_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential secret.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.application-credential-secret
  [application_credential_secret: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift username.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.username
  [username: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.user-domain-name
  [user_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.user-domain-id
  [user_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user ID.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.user-id
  [user_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift API key.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.password
  [password: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.domain-id
  [domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.domain-name
  [domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project ID (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.project-id
  [project_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project name (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.project-name
  [project_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # ID of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if it
  # differs the from user domain.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.project-domain-id
  [project_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if
  # it differs from the user domain.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.project-domain-name
  [project_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift Region to use (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.region-name
  [region_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift container to put chunks in.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Max retries on requests error.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 3]

  # Time after which a connection attempt is aborted.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

  # Time after which an idle request is aborted. The timeout watchdog is reset
  # each time some data is received, so the timeout triggers after X time no
  # data is received on a request.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.swift.request-timeout
  [request_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

filesystem:
  # Local filesystem storage directory.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.filesystem.dir
  [dir: <string> | default = ""]

# The configstore_config configures the config database storing rules and
# alerts, and is used by the Cortex alertmanager.
# The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: alertmanager-storage
[configdb: <configstore_config>]

local:
  # Path at which alertmanager configurations are stored.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.local.path
  [path: <string> | default = ""]

users_scanner:
  # Strategy to use to scan users. Supported values are: list, user_index.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.users-scanner.strategy
  [strategy: <string> | default = "list"]

  # Maximum period of time to consider the user index as stale. Fall back to the
  # base scanner if stale. Only valid when strategy is user_index.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.users-scanner.user-index.max-stale-period
  [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]

  # How frequently user index file is updated. It only takes effect when user
  # scan strategy is user_index.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.users-scanner.user-index.update-interval
  [update_interval: <duration> | default = 15m]

  # TTL of the cached users. 0 disables caching and relies on caching at bucket
  # client level.
  # CLI flag: -alertmanager-storage.users-scanner.cache-ttl
  [cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]
```

### `blocks_storage_config`

The `blocks_storage_config` configures the blocks storage.

```yaml
# Backend storage to use. Supported backends are: s3, gcs, azure, swift,
# filesystem.
# CLI flag: -blocks-storage.backend
[backend: <string> | default = "s3"]

s3:
  # The S3 bucket endpoint. It could be an AWS S3 endpoint listed at
  # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/s3.html or the address of an
  # S3-compatible service in hostname:port format.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.endpoint
  [endpoint: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 region. If unset, the client will issue a S3 GetBucketLocation API call
  # to autodetect it.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.region
  [region: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 bucket name
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, S3 endpoint will use the non-dualstack variant.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.disable-dualstack
  [disable_dualstack: <boolean> | default = false]

  # S3 secret access key
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.secret-access-key
  [secret_access_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 access key ID
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.access-key-id
  [access_key_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, use http:// for the S3 endpoint instead of https://. This could
  # be useful in local dev/test environments while using an S3-compatible
  # backend storage, like Minio.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.insecure
  [insecure: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The signature version to use for authenticating against S3. Supported values
  # are: v4, v2.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.signature-version
  [signature_version: <string> | default = "v4"]

  # The s3 bucket lookup style. Supported values are: auto, virtual-hosted,
  # path.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.bucket-lookup-type
  [bucket_lookup_type: <string> | default = "auto"]

  # If true, attach MD5 checksum when upload objects and S3 uses MD5 checksum
  # algorithm to verify the provided digest. If false, use CRC32C algorithm
  # instead.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.send-content-md5
  [send_content_md5: <boolean> | default = true]

  # The list api version. Supported values are: v1, v2, and ''.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.list-objects-version
  [list_objects_version: <string> | default = ""]

  # The s3_sse_config configures the S3 server-side encryption.
  # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: blocks-storage
  [sse: <s3_sse_config>]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.s3.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

gcs:
  # GCS bucket name
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.gcs.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # JSON representing either a Google Developers Console client_credentials.json
  # file or a Google Developers service account key file. If empty, fallback to
  # Google default logic.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.gcs.service-account
  [service_account: <string> | default = ""]

azure:
  # Azure storage account name
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.account-name
  [account_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage account key
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.account-key
  [account_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # The values of `account-name` and `endpoint-suffix` values will not be
  # ignored if `connection-string` is set. Use this method over `account-key` if
  # you need to authenticate via a SAS token or if you use the Azurite emulator.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.connection-string
  [connection_string: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage container name
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage endpoint suffix without schema. The account name will be
  # prefixed to this value to create the FQDN
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.endpoint-suffix
  [endpoint_suffix: <string> | default = ""]

  # Number of retries for recoverable errors
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 20]

  # Deprecated: Azure storage MSI resource. It will be set automatically by
  # Azure SDK.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.msi-resource
  [msi_resource: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage MSI resource managed identity client Id. If not supplied
  # default Azure credential will be used. Set it to empty if you need to
  # authenticate via Azure Workload Identity.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.user-assigned-id
  [user_assigned_id: <string> | default = ""]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.azure.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

swift:
  # OpenStack Swift authentication API version. 0 to autodetect.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.auth-version
  [auth_version: <int> | default = 0]

  # OpenStack Swift authentication URL
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.auth-url
  [auth_url: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential ID.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.application-credential-id
  [application_credential_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential name.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.application-credential-name
  [application_credential_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential secret.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.application-credential-secret
  [application_credential_secret: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift username.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.username
  [username: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.user-domain-name
  [user_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.user-domain-id
  [user_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user ID.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.user-id
  [user_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift API key.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.password
  [password: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.domain-id
  [domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.domain-name
  [domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project ID (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.project-id
  [project_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project name (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.project-name
  [project_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # ID of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if it
  # differs the from user domain.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.project-domain-id
  [project_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if
  # it differs from the user domain.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.project-domain-name
  [project_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift Region to use (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.region-name
  [region_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift container to put chunks in.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Max retries on requests error.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 3]

  # Time after which a connection attempt is aborted.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

  # Time after which an idle request is aborted. The timeout watchdog is reset
  # each time some data is received, so the timeout triggers after X time no
  # data is received on a request.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.swift.request-timeout
  [request_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

filesystem:
  # Local filesystem storage directory.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.filesystem.dir
  [dir: <string> | default = ""]

# This configures how the querier and store-gateway discover and synchronize
# blocks stored in the bucket.
bucket_store:
  # Directory to store synchronized TSDB index headers.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.sync-dir
  [sync_dir: <string> | default = "tsdb-sync"]

  # How frequently to scan the bucket, or to refresh the bucket index (if
  # enabled), in order to look for changes (new blocks shipped by ingesters and
  # blocks deleted by retention or compaction).
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.sync-interval
  [sync_interval: <duration> | default = 15m]

  # Max number of concurrent queries to execute against the long-term storage.
  # The limit is shared across all tenants.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.max-concurrent
  [max_concurrent: <int> | default = 100]

  # Max number of inflight queries to execute against the long-term storage. The
  # limit is shared across all tenants. 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.max-inflight-requests
  [max_inflight_requests: <int> | default = 0]

  # Maximum number of concurrent tenants syncing blocks.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.tenant-sync-concurrency
  [tenant_sync_concurrency: <int> | default = 10]

  # Maximum number of concurrent blocks syncing per tenant.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.block-sync-concurrency
  [block_sync_concurrency: <int> | default = 20]

  # Number of Go routines to use when syncing block meta files from object
  # storage per tenant.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.meta-sync-concurrency
  [meta_sync_concurrency: <int> | default = 20]

  # Minimum age of a block before it's being read. Set it to safe value (e.g
  # 30m) if your object storage is eventually consistent. GCS and S3 are
  # (roughly) strongly consistent.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.consistency-delay
  [consistency_delay: <duration> | default = 0s]

  index_cache:
    # The index cache backend type. Multiple cache backend can be provided as a
    # comma-separated ordered list to enable the implementation of a cache
    # hierarchy. Supported values: inmemory, memcached, redis.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.backend
    [backend: <string> | default = "inmemory"]

    inmemory:
      # Maximum size in bytes of in-memory index cache used to speed up blocks
      # index lookups (shared between all tenants).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.inmemory.max-size-bytes
      [max_size_bytes: <int> | default = 1073741824]

      # Selectively cache index item types. Supported values are Postings,
      # ExpandedPostings and Series
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.inmemory.enabled-items
      [enabled_items: <list of string> | default = []]

    memcached:
      # Comma separated list of memcached addresses. Supported prefixes are:
      # dns+ (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # The socket read/write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 100ms]

      # The maximum number of idle connections that will be maintained per
      # address.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.max-idle-connections
      [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 16]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of concurrent connections running get operations. If
      # set to 0, concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of keys a single underlying get operation should run.
      # If more keys are specified, internally keys are split into multiple
      # batches and fetched concurrently, honoring the max concurrency. If set
      # to 0, the max batch size is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-batch-size
      [max_get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 0]

      # The maximum size of an item stored in memcached. Bigger items are not
      # stored. If set to 0, no maximum size is enforced.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.max-item-size
      [max_item_size: <int> | default = 1048576]

      # Use memcached auto-discovery mechanism provided by some cloud provider
      # like GCP and AWS
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.auto-discovery
      [auto_discovery: <boolean> | default = false]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

      # Selectively cache index item types. Supported values are Postings,
      # ExpandedPostings and Series
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.memcached.enabled-items
      [enabled_items: <list of string> | default = []]

    redis:
      # Comma separated list of redis addresses. Supported prefixes are: dns+
      # (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis username.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.username
      [username: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis password.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.password
      [password: <string> | default = ""]

      # Database to be selected after connecting to the server.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.db
      [db: <int> | default = 0]

      # Specifies the master's name. Must be not empty for Redis Sentinel.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.master-name
      [master_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # The maximum number of concurrent GetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for mget.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.get-multi-batch-size
      [get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent SetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.max-set-multi-concurrency
      [max_set_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for pipeline set.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-multi-batch-size
      [set_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # Client dial timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.dial-timeout
      [dial_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

      # Client read timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.read-timeout
      [read_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Client write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.write-timeout
      [write_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Whether to enable tls for redis connection.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.tls-enabled
      [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for
      # authenticating with the server. Also requires the key path to be
      # configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.tls-cert-path
      [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the
      # client certificate to be configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.tls-key-path
      [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against.
      # If not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.tls-ca-path
      [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.tls-server-name
      [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Skip validating server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.tls-insecure-skip-verify
      [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

      # If not zero then client-side caching is enabled. Client-side caching is
      # when data is stored in memory instead of fetching data each time. See
      # https://redis.io/docs/manual/client-side-caching/ for more info.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.cache-size
      [cache_size: <int> | default = 0]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

      # Selectively cache index item types. Supported values are Postings,
      # ExpandedPostings and Series
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.redis.enabled-items
      [enabled_items: <list of string> | default = []]

    multilevel:
      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.multilevel.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.multilevel.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of items to backfill per asynchronous operation.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.multilevel.max-backfill-items
      [max_backfill_items: <int> | default = 10000]

  chunks_cache:
    # The chunks cache backend type. Single or Multiple cache backend can be
    # provided. Supported values in single cache: memcached, redis, inmemory,
    # and '' (disable). Supported values in multi level cache: a comma-separated
    # list of (inmemory, memcached, redis)
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.backend
    [backend: <string> | default = ""]

    inmemory:
      # Maximum size in bytes of in-memory chunks cache used (shared between all
      # tenants).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.inmemory.max-size-bytes
      [max_size_bytes: <int> | default = 1073741824]

    memcached:
      # Comma separated list of memcached addresses. Supported prefixes are:
      # dns+ (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # The socket read/write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 100ms]

      # The maximum number of idle connections that will be maintained per
      # address.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.max-idle-connections
      [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 16]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of concurrent connections running get operations. If
      # set to 0, concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of keys a single underlying get operation should run.
      # If more keys are specified, internally keys are split into multiple
      # batches and fetched concurrently, honoring the max concurrency. If set
      # to 0, the max batch size is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-batch-size
      [max_get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 0]

      # The maximum size of an item stored in memcached. Bigger items are not
      # stored. If set to 0, no maximum size is enforced.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.max-item-size
      [max_item_size: <int> | default = 1048576]

      # Use memcached auto-discovery mechanism provided by some cloud provider
      # like GCP and AWS
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.auto-discovery
      [auto_discovery: <boolean> | default = false]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

    redis:
      # Comma separated list of redis addresses. Supported prefixes are: dns+
      # (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis username.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.username
      [username: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis password.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.password
      [password: <string> | default = ""]

      # Database to be selected after connecting to the server.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.db
      [db: <int> | default = 0]

      # Specifies the master's name. Must be not empty for Redis Sentinel.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.master-name
      [master_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # The maximum number of concurrent GetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for mget.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.get-multi-batch-size
      [get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent SetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.max-set-multi-concurrency
      [max_set_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for pipeline set.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-multi-batch-size
      [set_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # Client dial timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.dial-timeout
      [dial_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

      # Client read timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.read-timeout
      [read_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Client write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.write-timeout
      [write_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Whether to enable tls for redis connection.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.tls-enabled
      [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for
      # authenticating with the server. Also requires the key path to be
      # configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.tls-cert-path
      [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the
      # client certificate to be configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.tls-key-path
      [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against.
      # If not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.tls-ca-path
      [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.tls-server-name
      [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Skip validating server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.tls-insecure-skip-verify
      [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

      # If not zero then client-side caching is enabled. Client-side caching is
      # when data is stored in memory instead of fetching data each time. See
      # https://redis.io/docs/manual/client-side-caching/ for more info.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.cache-size
      [cache_size: <int> | default = 0]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

    multilevel:
      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.multilevel.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.multilevel.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of items to backfill per asynchronous operation.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.multilevel.max-backfill-items
      [max_backfill_items: <int> | default = 10000]

    # Size of each subrange that bucket object is split into for better caching.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.subrange-size
    [subrange_size: <int> | default = 16000]

    # Maximum number of sub-GetRange requests that a single GetRange request can
    # be split into when fetching chunks. Zero or negative value = unlimited
    # number of sub-requests.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.max-get-range-requests
    [max_get_range_requests: <int> | default = 3]

    # TTL for caching object attributes for chunks.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.attributes-ttl
    [attributes_ttl: <duration> | default = 168h]

    # TTL for caching individual chunks subranges.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.chunks-cache.subrange-ttl
    [subrange_ttl: <duration> | default = 24h]

  metadata_cache:
    # The metadata cache backend type. Single or Multiple cache backend can be
    # provided. Supported values in single cache: memcached, redis, inmemory,
    # and '' (disable). Supported values in multi level cache: a comma-separated
    # list of (inmemory, memcached, redis)
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.backend
    [backend: <string> | default = ""]

    inmemory:
      # Maximum size in bytes of in-memory metadata cache used (shared between
      # all tenants).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.inmemory.max-size-bytes
      [max_size_bytes: <int> | default = 1073741824]

    memcached:
      # Comma separated list of memcached addresses. Supported prefixes are:
      # dns+ (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # The socket read/write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 100ms]

      # The maximum number of idle connections that will be maintained per
      # address.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.max-idle-connections
      [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 16]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of concurrent connections running get operations. If
      # set to 0, concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of keys a single underlying get operation should run.
      # If more keys are specified, internally keys are split into multiple
      # batches and fetched concurrently, honoring the max concurrency. If set
      # to 0, the max batch size is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-batch-size
      [max_get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 0]

      # The maximum size of an item stored in memcached. Bigger items are not
      # stored. If set to 0, no maximum size is enforced.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.max-item-size
      [max_item_size: <int> | default = 1048576]

      # Use memcached auto-discovery mechanism provided by some cloud provider
      # like GCP and AWS
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.auto-discovery
      [auto_discovery: <boolean> | default = false]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

    redis:
      # Comma separated list of redis addresses. Supported prefixes are: dns+
      # (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis username.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.username
      [username: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis password.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.password
      [password: <string> | default = ""]

      # Database to be selected after connecting to the server.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.db
      [db: <int> | default = 0]

      # Specifies the master's name. Must be not empty for Redis Sentinel.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.master-name
      [master_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # The maximum number of concurrent GetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for mget.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.get-multi-batch-size
      [get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent SetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.max-set-multi-concurrency
      [max_set_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for pipeline set.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-multi-batch-size
      [set_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # Client dial timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.dial-timeout
      [dial_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

      # Client read timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.read-timeout
      [read_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Client write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.write-timeout
      [write_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Whether to enable tls for redis connection.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.tls-enabled
      [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for
      # authenticating with the server. Also requires the key path to be
      # configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.tls-cert-path
      [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the
      # client certificate to be configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.tls-key-path
      [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against.
      # If not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.tls-ca-path
      [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.tls-server-name
      [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Skip validating server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.tls-insecure-skip-verify
      [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

      # If not zero then client-side caching is enabled. Client-side caching is
      # when data is stored in memory instead of fetching data each time. See
      # https://redis.io/docs/manual/client-side-caching/ for more info.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.cache-size
      [cache_size: <int> | default = 0]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

    multilevel:
      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.multilevel.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.multilevel.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of items to backfill per asynchronous operation.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.multilevel.max-backfill-items
      [max_backfill_items: <int> | default = 10000]

    # How long to cache list of tenants in the bucket.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.tenants-list-ttl
    [tenants_list_ttl: <duration> | default = 15m]

    # How long to cache list of blocks for each tenant.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.tenant-blocks-list-ttl
    [tenant_blocks_list_ttl: <duration> | default = 5m]

    # How long to cache list of chunks for a block.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.chunks-list-ttl
    [chunks_list_ttl: <duration> | default = 24h]

    # How long to cache information that block metafile exists. Also used for
    # user deletion mark file.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.metafile-exists-ttl
    [metafile_exists_ttl: <duration> | default = 2h]

    # How long to cache information that block metafile doesn't exist. Also used
    # for user deletion mark file.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.metafile-doesnt-exist-ttl
    [metafile_doesnt_exist_ttl: <duration> | default = 5m]

    # How long to cache content of the metafile.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.metafile-content-ttl
    [metafile_content_ttl: <duration> | default = 24h]

    # Maximum size of metafile content to cache in bytes. Caching will be
    # skipped if the content exceeds this size. This is useful to avoid network
    # round trip for large content if the configured caching backend has an hard
    # limit on cached items size (in this case, you should set this limit to the
    # same limit in the caching backend).
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.metafile-max-size-bytes
    [metafile_max_size_bytes: <int> | default = 1048576]

    # How long to cache attributes of the block metafile.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.metafile-attributes-ttl
    [metafile_attributes_ttl: <duration> | default = 168h]

    # How long to cache attributes of the block index.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.block-index-attributes-ttl
    [block_index_attributes_ttl: <duration> | default = 168h]

    # How long to cache content of the bucket index.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.bucket-index-content-ttl
    [bucket_index_content_ttl: <duration> | default = 5m]

    # Maximum size of bucket index content to cache in bytes. Caching will be
    # skipped if the content exceeds this size. This is useful to avoid network
    # round trip for large content if the configured caching backend has an hard
    # limit on cached items size (in this case, you should set this limit to the
    # same limit in the caching backend).
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.bucket-index-max-size-bytes
    [bucket_index_max_size_bytes: <int> | default = 1048576]

    # How long to cache list of partitioned groups for an user. 0 disables
    # caching
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.metadata-cache.partitioned-groups-list-ttl
    [partitioned_groups_list_ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

  parquet_labels_cache:
    # The parquet labels cache backend type. Single or Multiple cache backend
    # can be provided. Supported values in single cache: memcached, redis,
    # inmemory, and '' (disable). Supported values in multi level cache: a
    # comma-separated list of (inmemory, memcached, redis)
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.backend
    [backend: <string> | default = ""]

    inmemory:
      # Maximum size in bytes of in-memory parquet-labels cache used (shared
      # between all tenants).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.inmemory.max-size-bytes
      [max_size_bytes: <int> | default = 1073741824]

    memcached:
      # Comma separated list of memcached addresses. Supported prefixes are:
      # dns+ (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # The socket read/write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 100ms]

      # The maximum number of idle connections that will be maintained per
      # address.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.max-idle-connections
      [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 16]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of concurrent connections running get operations. If
      # set to 0, concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of keys a single underlying get operation should run.
      # If more keys are specified, internally keys are split into multiple
      # batches and fetched concurrently, honoring the max concurrency. If set
      # to 0, the max batch size is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.max-get-multi-batch-size
      [max_get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 0]

      # The maximum size of an item stored in memcached. Bigger items are not
      # stored. If set to 0, no maximum size is enforced.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.max-item-size
      [max_item_size: <int> | default = 1048576]

      # Use memcached auto-discovery mechanism provided by some cloud provider
      # like GCP and AWS
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.auto-discovery
      [auto_discovery: <boolean> | default = false]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.memcached.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

    redis:
      # Comma separated list of redis addresses. Supported prefixes are: dns+
      # (looked up as an A/AAAA query), dnssrv+ (looked up as a SRV query,
      # dnssrvnoa+ (looked up as a SRV query, with no A/AAAA lookup made after
      # that).
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.addresses
      [addresses: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis username.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.username
      [username: <string> | default = ""]

      # Redis password.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.password
      [password: <string> | default = ""]

      # Database to be selected after connecting to the server.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.db
      [db: <int> | default = 0]

      # Specifies the master's name. Must be not empty for Redis Sentinel.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.master-name
      [master_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # The maximum number of concurrent GetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.max-get-multi-concurrency
      [max_get_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for mget.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.get-multi-batch-size
      [get_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent SetMulti() operations. If set to 0,
      # concurrency is unlimited.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.max-set-multi-concurrency
      [max_set_multi_concurrency: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum size per batch for pipeline set.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-multi-batch-size
      [set_multi_batch_size: <int> | default = 100]

      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # Client dial timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.dial-timeout
      [dial_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

      # Client read timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.read-timeout
      [read_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Client write timeout.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.write-timeout
      [write_timeout: <duration> | default = 3s]

      # Whether to enable tls for redis connection.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.tls-enabled
      [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for
      # authenticating with the server. Also requires the key path to be
      # configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.tls-cert-path
      [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the
      # client certificate to be configured.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.tls-key-path
      [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against.
      # If not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.tls-ca-path
      [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

      # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.tls-server-name
      [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Skip validating server certificate.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.tls-insecure-skip-verify
      [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

      # If not zero then client-side caching is enabled. Client-side caching is
      # when data is stored in memory instead of fetching data each time. See
      # https://redis.io/docs/manual/client-side-caching/ for more info.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.cache-size
      [cache_size: <int> | default = 0]

      set_async_circuit_breaker_config:
        # If true, enable circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.enabled
        [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Maximum number of requests allowed to pass through when the circuit
        # breaker is half-open. If set to 0, by default it allows 1 request.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.half-open-max-requests
        [half_open_max_requests: <int> | default = 10]

        # Period of the open state after which the state of the circuit breaker
        # becomes half-open. If set to 0, by default open duration is 60
        # seconds.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.open-duration
        [open_duration: <duration> | default = 5s]

        # Minimal requests to trigger the circuit breaker.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.min-requests
        [min_requests: <int> | default = 50]

        # Consecutive failures to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.consecutive-failures
        [consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 5]

        # Failure percentage to determine if the circuit breaker should open.
        # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.redis.set-async.circuit-breaker.failure-percent
        [failure_percent: <float> | default = 0.05]

    multilevel:
      # The maximum number of concurrent asynchronous operations can occur when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.multilevel.max-async-concurrency
      [max_async_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

      # The maximum number of enqueued asynchronous operations allowed when
      # backfilling cache items.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.multilevel.max-async-buffer-size
      [max_async_buffer_size: <int> | default = 10000]

      # The maximum number of items to backfill per asynchronous operation.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.multilevel.max-backfill-items
      [max_backfill_items: <int> | default = 10000]

    # Size of each subrange that bucket object is split into for better caching.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.subrange-size
    [subrange_size: <int> | default = 16000]

    # Maximum number of sub-GetRange requests that a single GetRange request can
    # be split into when fetching parquet labels file. Zero or negative value =
    # unlimited number of sub-requests.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.max-get-range-requests
    [max_get_range_requests: <int> | default = 3]

    # TTL for caching object attributes for parquet labels file.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.attributes-ttl
    [attributes_ttl: <duration> | default = 168h]

    # TTL for caching individual subranges.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-labels-cache.subrange-ttl
    [subrange_ttl: <duration> | default = 24h]

  # Maximum number of entries in the regex matchers cache. 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.matchers-cache-max-items
  [matchers_cache_max_items: <int> | default = 0]

  # Duration after which the blocks marked for deletion will be filtered out
  # while fetching blocks. The idea of ignore-deletion-marks-delay is to ignore
  # blocks that are marked for deletion with some delay. This ensures store can
  # still serve blocks that are meant to be deleted but do not have a
  # replacement yet. Default is 6h, half of the default value for
  # -compactor.deletion-delay.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-deletion-marks-delay
  [ignore_deletion_mark_delay: <duration> | default = 6h]

  # The blocks created since `now() - ignore_blocks_within` will not be synced.
  # This should be used together with `-querier.query-store-after` to filter out
  # the blocks that are too new to be queried. A reasonable value for this flag
  # would be `-querier.query-store-after -
  # blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.max-stale-period` to give some
  # buffer. 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-within
  [ignore_blocks_within: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # The blocks created before `now() - ignore_blocks_before` will not be synced.
  # 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.ignore-blocks-before
  [ignore_blocks_before: <duration> | default = 0s]

  bucket_index:
    # True to enable querier and store-gateway to discover blocks in the storage
    # via bucket index instead of bucket scanning. Disabling the bucket index is
    # not recommended for production.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.enabled
    [enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

    # How frequently a bucket index, which previously failed to load, should be
    # tried to load again. This option is used only by querier.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.update-on-error-interval
    [update_on_error_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

    # How long a unused bucket index should be cached. Once this timeout
    # expires, the unused bucket index is removed from the in-memory cache. This
    # option is used only by querier.
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.idle-timeout
    [idle_timeout: <duration> | default = 1h]

    # The maximum allowed age of a bucket index (last updated) before queries
    # start failing because the bucket index is too old. The bucket index is
    # periodically updated by the compactor, while this check is enforced in the
    # querier (at query time).
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-index.max-stale-period
    [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]

  # One of concurrent, recursive, bucket_index. When set to concurrent, stores
  # will concurrently issue one call per directory to discover active blocks in
  # the bucket. The recursive strategy iterates through all objects in the
  # bucket, recursively traversing into each directory. This avoids N+1 calls at
  # the expense of having slower bucket iterations. bucket_index strategy can be
  # used in Compactor only and utilizes the existing bucket index to fetch block
  # IDs to sync. This avoids iterating the bucket but can be impacted by delays
  # of cleaner creating bucket index.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.block-discovery-strategy
  [block_discovery_strategy: <string> | default = "concurrent"]

  # Type of bucket store to use (tsdb or parquet).
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.bucket-store-type
  [bucket_store_type: <string> | default = "tsdb"]

  # Max size - in bytes - of a chunks pool, used to reduce memory allocations.
  # The pool is shared across all tenants. 0 to disable the limit.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.max-chunk-pool-bytes
  [max_chunk_pool_bytes: <int> | default = 2147483648]

  # If enabled, store-gateway will lazily memory-map an index-header only once
  # required by a query.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-header-lazy-loading-enabled
  [index_header_lazy_loading_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # If index-header lazy loading is enabled and this setting is > 0, the
  # store-gateway will release memory-mapped index-headers after 'idle timeout'
  # inactivity.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-header-lazy-loading-idle-timeout
  [index_header_lazy_loading_idle_timeout: <duration> | default = 20m]

  # If true, Store Gateway will estimate postings size and try to lazily expand
  # postings if it downloads less data than expanding all postings.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.lazy-expanded-postings-enabled
  [lazy_expanded_postings_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Mark posting group as lazy if it fetches more keys than R * max series the
  # query should fetch. With R set to 100, a posting group which fetches 100K
  # keys will be marked as lazy if the current query only fetches 1000 series.
  # This config is only valid if lazy expanded posting is enabled. 0 disables
  # the limit.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.lazy-expanded-posting-group-max-key-series-ratio
  [lazy_expanded_posting_group_max_key_series_ratio: <float> | default = 100]

  # Controls how many series to fetch per batch in Store Gateway. Default value
  # is 10000.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.series-batch-size
  [series_batch_size: <int> | default = 10000]

  token_bucket_bytes_limiter:
    # Token bucket bytes limiter mode. Supported values are: disabled, dryrun,
    # enabled
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.token-bucket-bytes-limiter.mode
    [mode: <string> | default = "disabled"]

    # Instance token bucket size
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.token-bucket-bytes-limiter.instance-token-bucket-size
    [instance_token_bucket_size: <int> | default = 859832320]

    # User token bucket size
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.token-bucket-bytes-limiter.user-token-bucket-size
    [user_token_bucket_size: <int> | default = 644874240]

    # Request token bucket size
    # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.token-bucket-bytes-limiter.request-token-bucket-size
    [request_token_bucket_size: <int> | default = 4194304]

  # [Experimental] Maximum size of the Parquet shard cache. 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-shard-cache-size
  [parquet_shard_cache_size: <int> | default = 512]

  # [Experimental] TTL of the Parquet shard cache. 0 to no TTL.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.bucket-store.parquet-shard-cache-ttl
  [parquet_shard_cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 24h]

tsdb:
  # Local directory to store TSDBs in the ingesters.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.dir
  [dir: <string> | default = "tsdb"]

  # TSDB blocks range period.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.block-ranges-period
  [block_ranges_period: <list of duration> | default = 2h0m0s]

  # TSDB blocks retention in the ingester before a block is removed. This should
  # be larger than the block_ranges_period and large enough to give
  # store-gateways and queriers enough time to discover newly uploaded blocks.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.retention-period
  [retention_period: <duration> | default = 6h]

  # How frequently the TSDB blocks are scanned and new ones are shipped to the
  # storage. 0 means shipping is disabled.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.ship-interval
  [ship_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Maximum number of tenants concurrently shipping blocks to the storage.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.ship-concurrency
  [ship_concurrency: <int> | default = 10]

  # How frequently does Cortex try to compact TSDB head. Block is only created
  # if data covers smallest block range. Must be greater than 0 and max 30
  # minutes. Note that up to 50% jitter is added to the value for the first
  # compaction to avoid ingesters compacting concurrently.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.head-compaction-interval
  [head_compaction_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Maximum number of tenants concurrently compacting TSDB head into a new block
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.head-compaction-concurrency
  [head_compaction_concurrency: <int> | default = 5]

  # If TSDB head is idle for this duration, it is compacted. Note that up to 25%
  # jitter is added to the value to avoid ingesters compacting concurrently. 0
  # means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.head-compaction-idle-timeout
  [head_compaction_idle_timeout: <duration> | default = 1h]

  # The write buffer size used by the head chunks mapper. Lower values reduce
  # memory utilisation on clusters with a large number of tenants at the cost of
  # increased disk I/O operations.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.head-chunks-write-buffer-size-bytes
  [head_chunks_write_buffer_size_bytes: <int> | default = 4194304]

  # The number of shards of series to use in TSDB (must be a power of 2).
  # Reducing this will decrease memory footprint, but can negatively impact
  # performance.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.stripe-size
  [stripe_size: <int> | default = 16384]

  # TSDB WAL type. Supported values are: 'snappy', 'zstd' and '' (disable
  # compression)
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.wal-compression-type
  [wal_compression_type: <string> | default = ""]

  # TSDB WAL segments files max size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.wal-segment-size-bytes
  [wal_segment_size_bytes: <int> | default = 134217728]

  # True to flush blocks to storage on shutdown. If false, incomplete blocks
  # will be reused after restart.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.flush-blocks-on-shutdown
  [flush_blocks_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = false]

  # If TSDB has not received any data for this duration, and all blocks from
  # TSDB have been shipped, TSDB is closed and deleted from local disk. If set
  # to positive value, this value should be equal or higher than
  # -querier.query-ingesters-within flag to make sure that TSDB is not closed
  # prematurely, which could cause partial query results. 0 or negative value
  # disables closing of idle TSDB.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.close-idle-tsdb-timeout
  [close_idle_tsdb_timeout: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # The size of the in-memory queue used before flushing chunks to the disk.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.head-chunks-write-queue-size
  [head_chunks_write_queue_size: <int> | default = 0]

  # limit the number of concurrently opening TSDB's on startup
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.max-tsdb-opening-concurrency-on-startup
  [max_tsdb_opening_concurrency_on_startup: <int> | default = 10]

  # Deprecated, use maxExemplars in limits instead. If the MaxExemplars value in
  # limits is set to zero, cortex will fallback on this value. This setting
  # enables support for exemplars in TSDB and sets the maximum number that will
  # be stored. 0 or less means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.max-exemplars
  [max_exemplars: <int> | default = 0]

  # True to enable snapshotting of in-memory TSDB data on disk when shutting
  # down.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.memory-snapshot-on-shutdown
  [memory_snapshot_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = false]

  # [EXPERIMENTAL] Configures the maximum number of samples per chunk that can
  # be out-of-order.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.out-of-order-cap-max
  [out_of_order_cap_max: <int> | default = 32]

  # [EXPERIMENTAL] If enabled, ingesters will cache expanded postings when
  # querying blocks. Caching can be configured separately for the head and
  # compacted blocks.
  expanded_postings_cache:
    # If enabled, ingesters will cache expanded postings for the head block.
    # Only queries with with an equal matcher for metric __name__ are cached.
    head:
      # Whether the postings cache is enabled or not
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.head.enabled
      [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Max bytes for postings cache
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.head.max-bytes
      [max_bytes: <int> | default = 10485760]

      # TTL for postings cache
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.head.ttl
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 10m]

      # Timeout for fetching postings from TSDB index when cache miss occurs.
      # This prevents runaway queries from consuming resources when all callers
      # have given up.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.head.fetch-timeout
      [fetch_timeout: <duration> | default = 0s]

    # If enabled, ingesters will cache expanded postings for the compacted
    # blocks. The cache is shared between all blocks.
    blocks:
      # Whether the postings cache is enabled or not
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.block.enabled
      [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Max bytes for postings cache
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.block.max-bytes
      [max_bytes: <int> | default = 10485760]

      # TTL for postings cache
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.block.ttl
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 10m]

      # Timeout for fetching postings from TSDB index when cache miss occurs.
      # This prevents runaway queries from consuming resources when all callers
      # have given up.
      # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.expanded_postings_cache.block.fetch-timeout
      [fetch_timeout: <duration> | default = 0s]

users_scanner:
  # Strategy to use to scan users. Supported values are: list, user_index.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.users-scanner.strategy
  [strategy: <string> | default = "list"]

  # Maximum period of time to consider the user index as stale. Fall back to the
  # base scanner if stale. Only valid when strategy is user_index.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.users-scanner.user-index.max-stale-period
  [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]

  # How frequently user index file is updated. It only takes effect when user
  # scan strategy is user_index.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.users-scanner.user-index.update-interval
  [update_interval: <duration> | default = 15m]

  # TTL of the cached users. 0 disables caching and relies on caching at bucket
  # client level.
  # CLI flag: -blocks-storage.users-scanner.cache-ttl
  [cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]
```

### `compactor_config`

The `compactor_config` configures the compactor for the blocks storage.

```yaml
# List of compaction time ranges.
# CLI flag: -compactor.block-ranges
[block_ranges: <list of duration> | default = 2h0m0s,12h0m0s,24h0m0s]

# Number of Go routines to use when syncing block index and chunks files from
# the long term storage.
# CLI flag: -compactor.block-sync-concurrency
[block_sync_concurrency: <int> | default = 20]

# Number of Go routines to use when syncing block meta files from the long term
# storage.
# CLI flag: -compactor.meta-sync-concurrency
[meta_sync_concurrency: <int> | default = 20]

# Minimum age of fresh (non-compacted) blocks before they are being processed.
# Malformed blocks older than the maximum of consistency-delay and 48h0m0s will
# be removed.
# CLI flag: -compactor.consistency-delay
[consistency_delay: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Data directory in which to cache blocks and process compactions
# CLI flag: -compactor.data-dir
[data_dir: <string> | default = "./data"]

# The frequency at which the compaction runs
# CLI flag: -compactor.compaction-interval
[compaction_interval: <duration> | default = 1h]

# How many times to retry a failed compaction within a single compaction run.
# CLI flag: -compactor.compaction-retries
[compaction_retries: <int> | default = 3]

# Max number of concurrent compactions running.
# CLI flag: -compactor.compaction-concurrency
[compaction_concurrency: <int> | default = 1]

# How frequently compactor should run blocks cleanup and maintenance, as well as
# update the bucket index.
# CLI flag: -compactor.cleanup-interval
[cleanup_interval: <duration> | default = 15m]

# Max number of tenants for which blocks cleanup and maintenance should run
# concurrently.
# CLI flag: -compactor.cleanup-concurrency
[cleanup_concurrency: <int> | default = 20]

# Time before a block marked for deletion is deleted from bucket. If not 0,
# blocks will be marked for deletion and compactor component will permanently
# delete blocks marked for deletion from the bucket. If 0, blocks will be
# deleted straight away. Note that deleting blocks immediately can cause query
# failures.
# CLI flag: -compactor.deletion-delay
[deletion_delay: <duration> | default = 12h]

# For tenants marked for deletion, this is time between deleting of last block,
# and doing final cleanup (marker files, debug files) of the tenant.
# CLI flag: -compactor.tenant-cleanup-delay
[tenant_cleanup_delay: <duration> | default = 6h]

# When enabled, mark blocks containing index with out-of-order chunks for no
# compact instead of halting the compaction.
# CLI flag: -compactor.skip-blocks-with-out-of-order-chunks-enabled
[skip_blocks_with_out_of_order_chunks_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Number of goroutines to use when fetching/uploading block files from object
# storage.
# CLI flag: -compactor.block-files-concurrency
[block_files_concurrency: <int> | default = 10]

# Number of goroutines to use when fetching blocks from object storage when
# compacting.
# CLI flag: -compactor.blocks-fetch-concurrency
[blocks_fetch_concurrency: <int> | default = 3]

# When enabled, at compactor startup the bucket will be scanned and all found
# deletion marks inside the block location will be copied to the markers global
# location too. This option can (and should) be safely disabled as soon as the
# compactor has successfully run at least once.
# CLI flag: -compactor.block-deletion-marks-migration-enabled
[block_deletion_marks_migration_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Comma separated list of tenants that can be compacted. If specified, only
# these tenants will be compacted by compactor, otherwise all tenants can be
# compacted. Subject to sharding.
# CLI flag: -compactor.enabled-tenants
[enabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

# Comma separated list of tenants that cannot be compacted by this compactor. If
# specified, and compactor would normally pick given tenant for compaction (via
# -compactor.enabled-tenants or sharding), it will be ignored instead.
# CLI flag: -compactor.disabled-tenants
[disabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

# Shard tenants across multiple compactor instances. Sharding is required if you
# run multiple compactor instances, in order to coordinate compactions and avoid
# race conditions leading to the same tenant blocks simultaneously compacted by
# different instances.
# CLI flag: -compactor.sharding-enabled
[sharding_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# The sharding strategy to use. Supported values are: default, shuffle-sharding.
# CLI flag: -compactor.sharding-strategy
[sharding_strategy: <string> | default = "default"]

sharding_ring:
  kvstore:
    # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
    # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
    # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.store
    [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

    # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
    # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.prefix
    [prefix: <string> | default = "collectors/"]

    # The consul_config configures the consul client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: compactor.ring
    [consul: <consul_config>]

    dynamodb:
      # Region to access dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.dynamodb.region
      [region: <string> | default = ""]

      # Table name to use on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.dynamodb.table-name
      [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.dynamodb.ttl-time
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

      # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
      [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

      # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
      [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

      # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.dynamodb.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: compactor.ring
    [etcd: <etcd_config>]

    multi:
      # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.multi.primary
      [primary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.multi.secondary
      [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Mirror writes to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.multi.mirror-enabled
      [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.multi.mirror-timeout
      [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

  # Period at which to heartbeat to the ring. 0 = disabled.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.heartbeat-period
  [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # The heartbeat timeout after which compactors are considered unhealthy within
  # the ring. 0 = never (timeout disabled).
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.heartbeat-timeout
  [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Time since last heartbeat before compactor will be removed from ring. 0 to
  # disable
  # CLI flag: -compactor.auto-forget-delay
  [auto_forget_delay: <duration> | default = 2m]

  # Set to true to enable ring detailed metrics. These metrics provide detailed
  # information, such as token count and ownership per tenant. Disabling them
  # can significantly decrease the number of metrics emitted.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.detailed-metrics-enabled
  [detailed_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Minimum time to wait for ring stability at startup. 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.wait-stability-min-duration
  [wait_stability_min_duration: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Maximum time to wait for ring stability at startup. If the compactor ring
  # keeps changing after this period of time, the compactor will start anyway.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.wait-stability-max-duration
  [wait_stability_max_duration: <duration> | default = 5m]

  # Name of network interface to read address from.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.instance-interface-names
  [instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

  # File path where tokens are stored. If empty, tokens are not stored at
  # shutdown and restored at startup.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.tokens-file-path
  [tokens_file_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Unregister the compactor during shutdown if true.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.unregister-on-shutdown
  [unregister_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Timeout for waiting on compactor to become ACTIVE in the ring.
  # CLI flag: -compactor.ring.wait-active-instance-timeout
  [wait_active_instance_timeout: <duration> | default = 10m]

# How long shuffle sharding planner would wait before running planning code.
# This delay would prevent double compaction when two compactors claimed same
# partition in grouper at same time.
# CLI flag: -compactor.sharding-planner-delay
[sharding_planner_delay: <duration> | default = 10s]

# The compaction strategy to use. Supported values are: default, partitioning.
# CLI flag: -compactor.compaction-strategy
[compaction_strategy: <string> | default = "default"]

# How long compaction visit marker file should be considered as expired and able
# to be picked up by compactor again.
# CLI flag: -compactor.compaction-visit-marker-timeout
[compaction_visit_marker_timeout: <duration> | default = 10m]

# How frequently compaction visit marker file should be updated duration
# compaction.
# CLI flag: -compactor.compaction-visit-marker-file-update-interval
[compaction_visit_marker_file_update_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# How long cleaner visit marker file should be considered as expired and able to
# be picked up by cleaner again. The value should be smaller than
# -compactor.cleanup-interval
# CLI flag: -compactor.cleaner-visit-marker-timeout
[cleaner_visit_marker_timeout: <duration> | default = 10m]

# How frequently cleaner visit marker file should be updated when cleaning user.
# CLI flag: -compactor.cleaner-visit-marker-file-update-interval
[cleaner_visit_marker_file_update_interval: <duration> | default = 5m]

# When enabled, index verification will ignore out of order label names.
# CLI flag: -compactor.accept-malformed-index
[accept_malformed_index: <boolean> | default = false]

# When enabled, caching bucket will be used for compactor, except cleaner
# service, which serves as the source of truth for block status
# CLI flag: -compactor.caching-bucket-enabled
[caching_bucket_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# When enabled, caching bucket will be used for cleaner
# CLI flag: -compactor.cleaner-caching-bucket-enabled
[cleaner_caching_bucket_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `configs_config`

The `configs_config` configures the Cortex Configs DB and API.

```yaml
database:
  # URI where the database can be found (for dev you can use memory://)
  # CLI flag: -configs.database.uri
  [uri: <string> | default = "postgres://postgres@configs-db.weave.local/configs?sslmode=disable"]

  # Path where the database migration files can be found
  # CLI flag: -configs.database.migrations-dir
  [migrations_dir: <string> | default = ""]

  # File containing password (username goes in URI)
  # CLI flag: -configs.database.password-file
  [password_file: <string> | default = ""]

api:
  notifications:
    # Disable Email notifications for Alertmanager.
    # CLI flag: -configs.notifications.disable-email
    [disable_email: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Disable WebHook notifications for Alertmanager.
    # CLI flag: -configs.notifications.disable-webhook
    [disable_webhook: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `configstore_config`

The `configstore_config` configures the config database storing rules and alerts, and is used by the Cortex alertmanager. The supported CLI flags `<prefix>` used to reference this config block are:

- `alertmanager-storage`
- `ruler-storage`

&nbsp;

```yaml
# URL of configs API server.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.url
[configs_api_url: <url> | default = ]

# Timeout for requests to Weave Cloud configs service.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.client-timeout
[client_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
# with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.tls-cert-path
[tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
# certificate to be configured.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.tls-key-path
[tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
# not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.tls-ca-path
[tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Override the expected name on the server certificate.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.tls-server-name
[tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

# Skip validating server certificate.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.configs.tls-insecure-skip-verify
[tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `consul_config`

The `consul_config` configures the consul client. The supported CLI flags `<prefix>` used to reference this config block are:

- _no prefix_
- `alertmanager.sharding-ring`
- `compactor.ring`
- `distributor.ha-tracker`
- `distributor.ring`
- `parquet-converter.ring`
- `ruler.ring`
- `store-gateway.sharding-ring`

&nbsp;

```yaml
# Hostname and port of Consul.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.hostname
[host: <string> | default = "localhost:8500"]

# ACL Token used to interact with Consul.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.acl-token
[acl_token: <string> | default = ""]

# HTTP timeout when talking to Consul.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.client-timeout
[http_client_timeout: <duration> | default = 20s]

# Enable consistent reads to Consul.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.consistent-reads
[consistent_reads: <boolean> | default = false]

# Rate limit when watching key or prefix in Consul, in requests per second. 0
# disables the rate limit.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.watch-rate-limit
[watch_rate_limit: <float> | default = 1]

# Burst size used in rate limit. Values less than 1 are treated as 1.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.watch-burst-size
[watch_burst_size: <int> | default = 1]

# Enable TLS.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.tls-enabled
[tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
# with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.tls-cert-path
[tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
# certificate to be configured.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.tls-key-path
[tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
# not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.tls-ca-path
[tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Override the expected name on the server certificate.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.tls-server-name
[tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

# Skip validating server certificate.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.consul.tls-insecure-skip-verify
[tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `distributor_config`

The `distributor_config` configures the Cortex distributor.

```yaml
pool:
  # How frequently to clean up clients for ingesters that have gone away.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.client-cleanup-period
  [client_cleanup_period: <duration> | default = 15s]

  # Run a health check on each ingester client during periodic cleanup.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.health-check-ingesters
  [health_check_ingesters: <boolean> | default = true]

ha_tracker:
  # Enable the HA tracker so that it can accept data from Prometheus HA replicas
  # gracefully (requires labels).
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.enable
  [enable_ha_tracker: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The time interval that must pass since the last timestamp update in the KV
  # store before updating it again for a given cluster.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.update-timeout
  [ha_tracker_update_timeout: <duration> | default = 15s]

  # The maximum jitter applied to the update timeout to spread KV store updates
  # over time.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.update-timeout-jitter-max
  [ha_tracker_update_timeout_jitter_max: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # The timeout after which a new replica will be accepted if the currently
  # elected replica stops sending data. This value must be greater than the
  # update timeout plus the maximum jitter.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.failover-timeout
  [ha_tracker_failover_timeout: <duration> | default = 30s]

  # [Experimental] If enabled, fetches all tracked keys on startup to populate
  # the local cache. This prevents duplicate GET calls for the same key while
  # the cache is cold, but could cause a spike in GET requests during
  # initialization if the number of tracked keys is large.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.enable-startup-sync
  [enable_startup_sync: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Backend storage to use for the ring. Memberlist support in the HA tracker is
  # experimental, as gossip propagation delays may impact HA performance.
  kvstore:
    # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
    # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.store
    [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

    # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.prefix
    [prefix: <string> | default = "ha-tracker/"]

    # The consul_config configures the consul client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: distributor.ha-tracker
    [consul: <consul_config>]

    dynamodb:
      # Region to access dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.dynamodb.region
      [region: <string> | default = ""]

      # Table name to use on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.dynamodb.table-name
      [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.dynamodb.ttl-time
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

      # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
      [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

      # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
      [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

      # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.dynamodb.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: distributor.ha-tracker
    [etcd: <etcd_config>]

    multi:
      # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.multi.primary
      [primary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.multi.secondary
      [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Mirror writes to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.multi.mirror-enabled
      [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.multi.mirror-timeout
      [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

# remote_write API max receive message size (bytes).
# CLI flag: -distributor.max-recv-msg-size
[max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

# Maximum OTLP request size in bytes that the Distributor can accept.
# CLI flag: -distributor.otlp-max-recv-msg-size
[otlp_max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

# Timeout for downstream ingesters.
# CLI flag: -distributor.remote-timeout
[remote_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

# Time to wait before sending more than the minimum successful query requests.
# CLI flag: -distributor.extra-query-delay
[extra_queue_delay: <duration> | default = 0s]

# The sharding strategy to use. Supported values are: default, shuffle-sharding.
# CLI flag: -distributor.sharding-strategy
[sharding_strategy: <string> | default = "default"]

# Distribute samples based on all labels, as opposed to solely by user and
# metric name.
# CLI flag: -distributor.shard-by-all-labels
[shard_by_all_labels: <boolean> | default = false]

# Try writing to an additional ingester in the presence of an ingester not in
# the ACTIVE state. It is useful to disable this along with
# -ingester.unregister-on-shutdown=false in order to not spread samples to extra
# ingesters during rolling restarts with consistent naming.
# CLI flag: -distributor.extend-writes
[extend_writes: <boolean> | default = true]

# EXPERIMENTAL: If enabled, sign the write request between distributors and
# ingesters.
# CLI flag: -distributor.sign-write-requests
[sign_write_requests: <boolean> | default = false]

# EXPERIMENTAL: If enabled, distributor would use stream connection to send
# requests to ingesters.
# CLI flag: -distributor.use-stream-push
[use_stream_push: <boolean> | default = false]

# EXPERIMENTAL: If true, accept prometheus remote write v2 protocol push
# request.
# CLI flag: -distributor.remote-writev2-enabled
[remote_writev2_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# If true, treat requests with unknown or invalid Content-Type header as remote
# write v1 (legacy behavior). If false, return 415 Unsupported Media Type for
# non-standard content types.
# CLI flag: -distributor.accept-unknown-remote-write-content-type
[accept_unknown_remote_write_content_type: <boolean> | default = false]

ring:
  kvstore:
    # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
    # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.store
    [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

    # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.prefix
    [prefix: <string> | default = "collectors/"]

    # The consul_config configures the consul client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: distributor.ring
    [consul: <consul_config>]

    dynamodb:
      # Region to access dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.dynamodb.region
      [region: <string> | default = ""]

      # Table name to use on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.dynamodb.table-name
      [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.dynamodb.ttl-time
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

      # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
      [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

      # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
      [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

      # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.dynamodb.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: distributor.ring
    [etcd: <etcd_config>]

    multi:
      # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.multi.primary
      [primary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.multi.secondary
      [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Mirror writes to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.multi.mirror-enabled
      [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.multi.mirror-timeout
      [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

  # Period at which to heartbeat to the ring. 0 = disabled.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.heartbeat-period
  [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # The heartbeat timeout after which distributors are considered unhealthy
  # within the ring. 0 = never (timeout disabled).
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.heartbeat-timeout
  [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Set to true to enable ring detailed metrics. These metrics provide detailed
  # information, such as token count and ownership per tenant. Disabling them
  # can significantly decrease the number of metrics emitted.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.detailed-metrics-enabled
  [detailed_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Name of network interface to read address from.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.ring.instance-interface-names
  [instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

# EXPERIMENTAL: Number of go routines to handle push calls from distributors to
# ingesters. When no workers are available, a new goroutine will be spawned
# automatically. If set to 0 (default), workers are disabled, and a new
# goroutine will be created for each push request.
# CLI flag: -distributor.num-push-workers
[num_push_workers: <int> | default = 0]

instance_limits:
  # Max ingestion rate (samples/sec) that this distributor will accept. This
  # limit is per-distributor, not per-tenant. Additional push requests will be
  # rejected. Current ingestion rate is computed as exponentially weighted
  # moving average, updated every second. 0 = unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.instance-limits.max-ingestion-rate
  [max_ingestion_rate: <float> | default = 0]

  # Max inflight push requests that this distributor can handle. This limit is
  # per-distributor, not per-tenant. Additional requests will be rejected. 0 =
  # unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.instance-limits.max-inflight-push-requests
  [max_inflight_push_requests: <int> | default = 0]

  # Max inflight ingester client requests that this distributor can handle. This
  # limit is per-distributor, not per-tenant. Additional requests will be
  # rejected. 0 = unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.instance-limits.max-inflight-client-requests
  [max_inflight_client_requests: <int> | default = 0]

otlp:
  # If true, all resource attributes are converted to labels.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.otlp.convert-all-attributes
  [convert_all_attributes: <boolean> | default = false]

  # If true, a target_info metric is not ingested. (refer to:
  # https://github.com/prometheus/OpenMetrics/blob/main/specification/OpenMetrics.md#supporting-target-metadata-in-both-push-based-and-pull-based-systems)
  # CLI flag: -distributor.otlp.disable-target-info
  [disable_target_info: <boolean> | default = false]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: If true, delta temporality otlp metrics to be ingested.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.otlp.allow-delta-temporality
  [allow_delta_temporality: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Deprecated: Use `-distributor.enable-type-and-unit-labels` flag instead.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.otlp.enable-type-and-unit-labels
  [enable_type_and_unit_labels: <boolean> | default = false]

  # If true, suffixes will be added to the metrics for name normalization.
  # CLI flag: -distributor.otlp.add-metric-suffixes
  [add_metric_suffixes: <boolean> | default = true]
```

### `etcd_config`

The `etcd_config` configures the etcd client. The supported CLI flags `<prefix>` used to reference this config block are:

- _no prefix_
- `alertmanager.sharding-ring`
- `compactor.ring`
- `distributor.ha-tracker`
- `distributor.ring`
- `parquet-converter.ring`
- `ruler.ring`
- `store-gateway.sharding-ring`

&nbsp;

```yaml
# The etcd endpoints to connect to.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.endpoints
[endpoints: <list of string> | default = []]

# The dial timeout for the etcd connection.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.dial-timeout
[dial_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

# The maximum number of retries to do for failed ops.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.max-retries
[max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

# Enable TLS.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.tls-enabled
[tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
# with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.tls-cert-path
[tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
# certificate to be configured.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.tls-key-path
[tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
# not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.tls-ca-path
[tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Override the expected name on the server certificate.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.tls-server-name
[tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

# Skip validating server certificate.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.tls-insecure-skip-verify
[tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

# Etcd username.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.username
[username: <string> | default = ""]

# Etcd password.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.password
[password: <string> | default = ""]

# Send Keepalive pings with no streams.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.etcd.ping-without-stream-allowed
[ping-without-stream-allowed: <boolean> | default = true]
```

### `fifo_cache_config`

The `fifo_cache_config` configures the local in-memory cache.

```yaml
# Maximum memory size of the cache in bytes. A unit suffix (KB, MB, GB) may be
# applied.
# CLI flag: -frontend.fifocache.max-size-bytes
[max_size_bytes: <string> | default = ""]

# Maximum number of entries in the cache.
# CLI flag: -frontend.fifocache.max-size-items
[max_size_items: <int> | default = 0]

# The expiry duration for the cache.
# CLI flag: -frontend.fifocache.duration
[validity: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Deprecated (use max-size-items or max-size-bytes instead): The number of
# entries to cache.
# CLI flag: -frontend.fifocache.size
[size: <int> | default = 0]
```

### `flusher_config`

The `flusher_config` configures the WAL flusher target, used to manually run one-time flushes when scaling down ingesters.

```yaml
# Stop Cortex after flush has finished. If false, Cortex process will keep
# running, doing nothing.
# CLI flag: -flusher.exit-after-flush
[exit_after_flush: <boolean> | default = true]
```

### `frontend_worker_config`

The `frontend_worker_config` configures the worker - running within the Cortex querier - picking up and executing queries enqueued by the query-frontend or query-scheduler.

```yaml
# Address of query frontend service, in host:port format. If
# -querier.scheduler-address is set as well, querier will use scheduler instead.
# Only one of -querier.frontend-address or -querier.scheduler-address can be
# set. If neither is set, queries are only received via HTTP endpoint.
# CLI flag: -querier.frontend-address
[frontend_address: <string> | default = ""]

# Hostname (and port) of scheduler that querier will periodically resolve,
# connect to and receive queries from. Only one of -querier.frontend-address or
# -querier.scheduler-address can be set. If neither is set, queries are only
# received via HTTP endpoint.
# CLI flag: -querier.scheduler-address
[scheduler_address: <string> | default = ""]

# How often to query DNS for query-frontend or query-scheduler address.
# CLI flag: -querier.dns-lookup-period
[dns_lookup_duration: <duration> | default = 10s]

# Number of simultaneous queries to process per query-frontend or
# query-scheduler.
# CLI flag: -querier.worker-parallelism
[parallelism: <int> | default = 10]

# Force worker concurrency to match the -querier.max-concurrent option.
# Overrides querier.worker-parallelism.
# CLI flag: -querier.worker-match-max-concurrent
[match_max_concurrent: <boolean> | default = false]

# Querier ID, sent to frontend service to identify requests from the same
# querier. Defaults to hostname.
# CLI flag: -querier.id
[id: <string> | default = ""]

grpc_client_config:
  # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
  [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

  # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.grpc-max-send-msg-size
  [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy', 'snappy-block' ,'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # Rate limit for gRPC client; 0 means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.grpc-client-rate-limit
  [rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

  # Rate limit burst for gRPC client.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.grpc-client-rate-limit-burst
  [rate_limit_burst: <int> | default = 0]

  # Enable backoff and retry when we hit ratelimits.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.backoff-on-ratelimits
  [backoff_on_ratelimits: <boolean> | default = false]

  backoff_config:
    # Minimum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.backoff-min-period
    [min_period: <duration> | default = 100ms]

    # Maximum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.backoff-max-period
    [max_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # Number of times to backoff and retry before failing.
    # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.backoff-retries
    [max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 20s.
  # CLI flag: -querier.frontend-client.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# Name of network interface to read address from.
# CLI flag: -querier.instance-interface-names
[instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]
```

### `ingester_config`

The `ingester_config` configures the Cortex ingester.

```yaml
lifecycler:
  ring:
    kvstore:
      # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
      # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
      # CLI flag: -ring.store
      [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

      # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
      # CLI flag: -ring.prefix
      [prefix: <string> | default = "collectors/"]

      # The consul_config configures the consul client.
      [consul: <consul_config>]

      dynamodb:
        # Region to access dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -dynamodb.region
        [region: <string> | default = ""]

        # Table name to use on dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -dynamodb.table-name
        [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

        # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -dynamodb.ttl-time
        [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

        # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
        # CLI flag: -dynamodb.puller-sync-time
        [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

        # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
        # CLI flag: -dynamodb.max-cas-retries
        [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

        # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
        # CLI flag: -dynamodb.timeout
        [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

      # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
      [etcd: <etcd_config>]

      multi:
        # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
        # CLI flag: -multi.primary
        [primary: <string> | default = ""]

        # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
        # CLI flag: -multi.secondary
        [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

        # Mirror writes to secondary store.
        # CLI flag: -multi.mirror-enabled
        [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

        # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
        # CLI flag: -multi.mirror-timeout
        [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

    # The heartbeat timeout after which ingesters are skipped for reads/writes.
    # 0 = never (timeout disabled).
    # CLI flag: -ring.heartbeat-timeout
    [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

    # The number of ingesters to write to and read from.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.replication-factor
    [replication_factor: <int> | default = 3]

    # True to enable the zone-awareness and replicate ingested samples across
    # different availability zones.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.zone-awareness-enabled
    [zone_awareness_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Comma-separated list of zones to exclude from the ring. Instances in
    # excluded zones will be filtered out from the ring.
    # CLI flag: -distributor.excluded-zones
    [excluded_zones: <string> | default = ""]

    # Set to true to enable ring detailed metrics. These metrics provide
    # detailed information, such as token count and ownership per tenant.
    # Disabling them can significantly decrease the number of metrics emitted by
    # the distributors.
    # CLI flag: -ring.detailed-metrics-enabled
    [detailed_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Number of tokens for each ingester.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.num-tokens
  [num_tokens: <int> | default = 128]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: Algorithm used to generate new ring tokens. Supported Values:
  # random,minimize-spread
  # CLI flag: -ingester.tokens-generator-strategy
  [tokens_generator_strategy: <string> | default = "random"]

  # Period at which to heartbeat to consul. 0 = disabled.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.heartbeat-period
  [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # Observe tokens after generating to resolve collisions. Useful when using
  # gossiping ring.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.observe-period
  [observe_period: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # Period to wait for a claim from another member; will join automatically
  # after this.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.join-after
  [join_after: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # Minimum duration to wait after the internal readiness checks have passed but
  # before succeeding the readiness endpoint. This is used to slowdown
  # deployment controllers (eg. Kubernetes) after an instance is ready and
  # before they proceed with a rolling update, to give the rest of the cluster
  # instances enough time to receive ring updates.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.min-ready-duration
  [min_ready_duration: <duration> | default = 15s]

  # Name of network interface to read address from.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.lifecycler.interface
  [interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

  # Duration to sleep for before exiting, to ensure metrics are scraped.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.final-sleep
  [final_sleep: <duration> | default = 30s]

  # File path where tokens are stored. If empty, tokens are not stored at
  # shutdown and restored at startup.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.tokens-file-path
  [tokens_file_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # The availability zone where this instance is running.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.availability-zone
  [availability_zone: <string> | default = ""]

  # Unregister from the ring upon clean shutdown. It can be useful to disable
  # for rolling restarts with consistent naming in conjunction with
  # -distributor.extend-writes=false.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.unregister-on-shutdown
  [unregister_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = true]

  # When enabled the readiness probe succeeds only after all instances are
  # ACTIVE and healthy in the ring, otherwise only the instance itself is
  # checked. This option should be disabled if in your cluster multiple
  # instances can be rolled out simultaneously, otherwise rolling updates may be
  # slowed down.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.readiness-check-ring-health
  [readiness_check_ring_health: <boolean> | default = true]

# Period at which metadata we have not seen will remain in memory before being
# deleted.
# CLI flag: -ingester.metadata-retain-period
[metadata_retain_period: <duration> | default = 10m]

# Period with which to update the per-user ingestion rates.
# CLI flag: -ingester.rate-update-period
[rate_update_period: <duration> | default = 15s]

# Period with which to update the per-user tsdb config.
# CLI flag: -ingester.user-tsdb-configs-update-period
[user_tsdb_configs_update_period: <duration> | default = 15s]

# Enable tracking of active series and export them as metrics.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-series-metrics-enabled
[active_series_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

# How often to update active series metrics.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-series-metrics-update-period
[active_series_metrics_update_period: <duration> | default = 1m]

# After what time a series is considered to be inactive.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-series-metrics-idle-timeout
[active_series_metrics_idle_timeout: <duration> | default = 10m]

# Enable tracking of active queried series using probabilistic data structure
# and export them as metrics.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-queried-series-metrics-enabled
[active_queried_series_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# How often to update active queried series metrics.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-queried-series-metrics-update-period
[active_queried_series_metrics_update_period: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Duration of each sub-window for active queried series tracking (e.g., 1
# minute). Used to divide the total tracking period into smaller windows.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-queried-series-metrics-window-duration
[active_queried_series_metrics_window_duration: <duration> | default = 15m]

# Sampling rate for active queried series tracking (1.0 = 100% sampling, 0.1 =
# 10% sampling). By default, all queries are sampled.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-queried-series-metrics-sample-rate
[active_queried_series_metrics_sample_rate: <float> | default = 1]

# Time windows to expose queried series metric. Each window tracks queried
# series within that time period.
# CLI flag: -ingester.active-queried-series-metrics-windows
[active_queried_series_metrics_windows: <list of duration> | default = 2h0m0s]

# Enable uploading compacted blocks.
# CLI flag: -ingester.upload-compacted-blocks-enabled
[upload_compacted_blocks_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

instance_limits:
  # Max ingestion rate (samples/sec) that ingester will accept. This limit is
  # per-ingester, not per-tenant. Additional push requests will be rejected.
  # Current ingestion rate is computed as exponentially weighted moving average,
  # updated every second. This limit only works when using blocks engine. 0 =
  # unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.instance-limits.max-ingestion-rate
  [max_ingestion_rate: <float> | default = 0]

  # Max users that this ingester can hold. Requests from additional users will
  # be rejected. This limit only works when using blocks engine. 0 = unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.instance-limits.max-tenants
  [max_tenants: <int> | default = 0]

  # Max series that this ingester can hold (across all tenants). Requests to
  # create additional series will be rejected. This limit only works when using
  # blocks engine. 0 = unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.instance-limits.max-series
  [max_series: <int> | default = 0]

  # Max inflight push requests that this ingester can handle (across all
  # tenants). Additional requests will be rejected. 0 = unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.instance-limits.max-inflight-push-requests
  [max_inflight_push_requests: <int> | default = 0]

  # Max inflight query requests that this ingester can handle (across all
  # tenants). Additional requests will be rejected. 0 = unlimited.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.instance-limits.max-inflight-query-requests
  [max_inflight_query_requests: <int> | default = 0]

# Comma-separated list of metric names, for which
# -ingester.max-series-per-metric and -ingester.max-global-series-per-metric
# limits will be ignored. Does not affect max-series-per-user or
# max-global-series-per-metric limits.
# CLI flag: -ingester.ignore-series-limit-for-metric-names
[ignore_series_limit_for_metric_names: <string> | default = ""]

# Customize the message contained in limit errors
# CLI flag: -ingester.admin-limit-message
[admin_limit_message: <string> | default = "please contact administrator to raise it"]

# Experimental: Enable string interning for metrics labels.
# CLI flag: -ingester.labels-string-interning-enabled
[labels_string_interning_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Disable trimming of matching series chunks based on query Start and End time.
# When disabled, the result may contain samples outside the queried time range
# but select performances may be improved. Note that certain query results might
# change by changing this option.
# CLI flag: -ingester.disable-chunk-trimming
[disable_chunk_trimming: <boolean> | default = false]

# Maximum number of entries in the regex matchers cache. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.matchers-cache-max-items
[matchers_cache_max_items: <int> | default = 0]

# If enabled, the metadata API returns all metadata regardless of the limits.
# CLI flag: -ingester.skip-metadata-limits
[skip_metadata_limits: <boolean> | default = true]

# Enable optimization of label matchers when query chunks. When enabled,
# matchers with low selectivity such as =~.+ are applied lazily during series
# scanning instead of being used for postings matching.
# CLI flag: -ingester.enable-matcher-optimization
[enable_matcher_optimization: <boolean> | default = false]

# Enable regex matcher limits and metrics collection for unoptimized regex
# queries. When enabled, the ingester will track pattern length, label
# cardinality, and total value length for unoptimized regex matchers.
# CLI flag: -ingester.enable-regex-matcher-limits
[enable_regex_matcher_limits: <boolean> | default = false]

query_protection:
  rejection:
    threshold:
      # EXPERIMENTAL: Max CPU utilization that this ingester can reach before
      # rejecting new query request (across all tenants) in percentage, between
      # 0 and 1. monitored_resources config must include the resource type. 0 to
      # disable.
      # CLI flag: -ingester.query-protection.rejection.threshold.cpu-utilization
      [cpu_utilization: <float> | default = 0]

      # EXPERIMENTAL: Max heap utilization that this ingester can reach before
      # rejecting new query request (across all tenants) in percentage, between
      # 0 and 1. monitored_resources config must include the resource type. 0 to
      # disable.
      # CLI flag: -ingester.query-protection.rejection.threshold.heap-utilization
      [heap_utilization: <float> | default = 0]
```

### `ingester_client_config`

The `ingester_client_config` configures how the Cortex distributors connect to the ingesters.

```yaml
grpc_client_config:
  # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
  [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

  # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.grpc-max-send-msg-size
  [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy', 'snappy-block' ,'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = "snappy-block"]

  # Rate limit for gRPC client; 0 means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.grpc-client-rate-limit
  [rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

  # Rate limit burst for gRPC client.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.grpc-client-rate-limit-burst
  [rate_limit_burst: <int> | default = 0]

  # Enable backoff and retry when we hit ratelimits.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.backoff-on-ratelimits
  [backoff_on_ratelimits: <boolean> | default = false]

  backoff_config:
    # Minimum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -ingester.client.backoff-min-period
    [min_period: <duration> | default = 100ms]

    # Maximum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -ingester.client.backoff-max-period
    [max_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # Number of times to backoff and retry before failing.
    # CLI flag: -ingester.client.backoff-retries
    [max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 20s.
  # CLI flag: -ingester.client.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: If enabled, gRPC clients perform health checks for each target
  # and fail the request if the target is marked as unhealthy.
  healthcheck_config:
    # The number of consecutive failed health checks required before considering
    # a target unhealthy. 0 means disabled.
    # CLI flag: -ingester.client.healthcheck.unhealthy-threshold
    [unhealthy_threshold: <int> | default = 0]

    # The approximate amount of time between health checks of an individual
    # target.
    # CLI flag: -ingester.client.healthcheck.interval
    [interval: <duration> | default = 5s]

    # The amount of time during which no response from a target means a failed
    # health check.
    # CLI flag: -ingester.client.healthcheck.timeout
    [timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

# Max inflight push requests that this ingester client can handle. This limit is
# per-ingester-client. Additional requests will be rejected. 0 = unlimited.
# CLI flag: -ingester.client.max-inflight-push-requests
[max_inflight_push_requests: <int> | default = 0]
```

### `limits_config`

The `limits_config` configures default and per-tenant limits imposed by Cortex services (ie. distributor, ingester, ...).

```yaml
# Per-user ingestion rate limit in samples per second.
# CLI flag: -distributor.ingestion-rate-limit
[ingestion_rate: <float> | default = 25000]

# Per-user native histogram ingestion rate limit in samples per second. Disabled
# by default
# CLI flag: -distributor.native-histogram-ingestion-rate-limit
[native_histogram_ingestion_rate: <float> | default = 1.7976931348623157e+308]

# Whether the ingestion rate limit should be applied individually to each
# distributor instance (local), or evenly shared across the cluster (global).
# CLI flag: -distributor.ingestion-rate-limit-strategy
[ingestion_rate_strategy: <string> | default = "local"]

# Per-user allowed ingestion burst size (in number of samples).
# CLI flag: -distributor.ingestion-burst-size
[ingestion_burst_size: <int> | default = 50000]

# Per-user allowed native histogram ingestion burst size (in number of samples)
# CLI flag: -distributor.native-histogram-ingestion-burst-size
[native_histogram_ingestion_burst_size: <int> | default = 0]

# Flag to enable, for all users, handling of samples with external labels
# identifying replicas in an HA Prometheus setup.
# CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.enable-for-all-users
[accept_ha_samples: <boolean> | default = false]

# [Experimental] Flag to enable handling of samples with mixed external labels
# identifying replicas in an HA Prometheus setup. Supported only if
# -distributor.ha-tracker.enable-for-all-users is true.
# CLI flag: -experimental.distributor.ha-tracker.mixed-ha-samples
[accept_mixed_ha_samples: <boolean> | default = false]

# Prometheus label to look for in samples to identify a Prometheus HA cluster.
# CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.cluster
[ha_cluster_label: <string> | default = "cluster"]

# Prometheus label to look for in samples to identify a Prometheus HA replica.
# CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.replica
[ha_replica_label: <string> | default = "__replica__"]

# Maximum number of clusters that HA tracker will keep track of for single user.
# 0 to disable the limit.
# CLI flag: -distributor.ha-tracker.max-clusters
[ha_max_clusters: <int> | default = 0]

# This flag can be used to specify label names that to drop during sample
# ingestion within the distributor and can be repeated in order to drop multiple
# labels.
# CLI flag: -distributor.drop-label
[drop_labels: <list of string> | default = []]

# Maximum length accepted for label names
# CLI flag: -validation.max-length-label-name
[max_label_name_length: <int> | default = 1024]

# Maximum length accepted for label value. This setting also applies to the
# metric name
# CLI flag: -validation.max-length-label-value
[max_label_value_length: <int> | default = 2048]

# Maximum number of label names per series.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-label-names-per-series
[max_label_names_per_series: <int> | default = 30]

# Maximum combined size in bytes of all labels and label values accepted for a
# series. 0 to disable the limit.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-labels-size-bytes
[max_labels_size_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum size in bytes of a native histogram sample. 0 to disable the limit.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-native-histogram-sample-size-bytes
[max_native_histogram_sample_size_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum length accepted for metric metadata. Metadata refers to Metric Name,
# HELP and UNIT.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-metadata-length
[max_metadata_length: <int> | default = 1024]

# Reject old samples.
# CLI flag: -validation.reject-old-samples
[reject_old_samples: <boolean> | default = false]

# Maximum accepted sample age before rejecting.
# CLI flag: -validation.reject-old-samples.max-age
[reject_old_samples_max_age: <duration> | default = 2w]

# Duration which table will be created/deleted before/after it's needed; we
# won't accept sample from before this time.
# CLI flag: -validation.create-grace-period
[creation_grace_period: <duration> | default = 10m]

# Enforce every metadata has a metric name.
# CLI flag: -validation.enforce-metadata-metric-name
[enforce_metadata_metric_name: <boolean> | default = true]

# Enforce every sample has a metric name.
# CLI flag: -validation.enforce-metric-name
[enforce_metric_name: <boolean> | default = true]

# The default tenant's shard size when the shuffle-sharding strategy is used.
# Must be set both on ingesters and distributors. When this setting is specified
# in the per-tenant overrides, a value of 0 disables shuffle sharding for the
# tenant.
# CLI flag: -distributor.ingestion-tenant-shard-size
[ingestion_tenant_shard_size: <int> | default = 0]

# List of metric relabel configurations. Note that in most situations, it is
# more effective to use metrics relabeling directly in the Prometheus server,
# e.g. remote_write.write_relabel_configs.
[metric_relabel_configs: <relabel_config...> | default = []]

# Limit on total number of positive and negative buckets allowed in a single
# native histogram. The resolution of a histogram with more buckets will be
# reduced until the number of buckets is within the limit. If the limit cannot
# be reached, the sample will be discarded. 0 means no limit. Enforced at
# Distributor.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-native-histogram-buckets
[max_native_histogram_buckets: <int> | default = 0]

# Comma separated list of resource attributes that should be converted to
# labels.
# CLI flag: -distributor.promote-resource-attributes
[promote_resource_attributes: <list of string> | default = ]

# EXPERIMENTAL: If true, the __type__ and __unit__ labels are added to metrics.
# This applies to remote write v2 and OTLP requests.
# CLI flag: -distributor.enable-type-and-unit-labels
[enable_type_and_unit_labels: <boolean> | default = false]

# The maximum number of active series per user, per ingester. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-series-per-user
[max_series_per_user: <int> | default = 5000000]

# The maximum number of active series per metric name, per ingester. 0 to
# disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-series-per-metric
[max_series_per_metric: <int> | default = 50000]

# The maximum number of active native histogram series per user, per ingester. 0
# to disable. Supported only if ingester.active-series-metrics-enabled is true.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-native-histogram-series-per-user
[max_native_histogram_series_per_user: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of active series per user, across the cluster before
# replication. 0 to disable. Supported only if -distributor.shard-by-all-labels
# is true.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-global-series-per-user
[max_global_series_per_user: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of active series per metric name, across the cluster before
# replication. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-global-series-per-metric
[max_global_series_per_metric: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of active native histogram series per user, across the
# cluster before replication. 0 to disable. Supported only if
# -distributor.shard-by-all-labels and ingester.active-series-metrics-enabled is
# true.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-global-native-histogram-series-per-user
[max_global_native_histogram_series_per_user: <int> | default = 0]

# [Experimental] Enable limits per LabelSet. Supported limits per labelSet:
# [max_series]
[limits_per_label_set: <list of LimitsPerLabelSet> | default = []]

# [EXPERIMENTAL] True to enable native histogram.
# CLI flag: -blocks-storage.tsdb.enable-native-histograms
[enable_native_histograms: <boolean> | default = false]

# Maximum length (in bytes) of an unoptimized regex pattern. This is a
# pre-flight check to reject expensive regex queries. 0 to disable. This is only
# enforced in Ingester.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-regex-pattern-length
[max_regex_pattern_length: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum cardinality of a label that can be queried with an unoptimized regex
# matcher. If exceeded, the query will be rejected with a limit error. 0 to
# disable. This is only enforced in Ingester.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-label-cardinality-for-unoptimized-regex
[max_label_cardinality_for_unoptimized_regex: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum total length (in bytes) of all label values combined for an
# unoptimized regex matcher. If exceeded, the query will be rejected with a
# limit error. 0 to disable. This is only enforced in Ingester.
# CLI flag: -validation.max-total-label-value-length-for-unoptimized-regex
[max_total_label_value_length_for_unoptimized_regex: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of active metrics with metadata per user, per ingester. 0
# to disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-metadata-per-user
[max_metadata_per_user: <int> | default = 8000]

# The maximum number of metadata per metric, per ingester. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-metadata-per-metric
[max_metadata_per_metric: <int> | default = 10]

# The maximum number of active metrics with metadata per user, across the
# cluster. 0 to disable. Supported only if -distributor.shard-by-all-labels is
# true.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-global-metadata-per-user
[max_global_metadata_per_user: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of metadata per metric, across the cluster. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-global-metadata-per-metric
[max_global_metadata_per_metric: <int> | default = 0]

# [Experimental] Configures the allowed time window for ingestion of
# out-of-order samples. Disabled (0s) by default.
# CLI flag: -ingester.out-of-order-time-window
[out_of_order_time_window: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Enables support for exemplars in TSDB and sets the maximum number that will be
# stored. less than zero means disabled. If the value is set to zero, cortex
# will fallback to blocks-storage.tsdb.max-exemplars value.
# CLI flag: -ingester.max-exemplars
[max_exemplars: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of chunks that can be fetched in a single query from ingesters
# and long-term storage. This limit is enforced in the querier, ruler and
# store-gateway. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-fetched-chunks-per-query
[max_fetched_chunks_per_query: <int> | default = 2000000]

# The maximum number of unique series for which a query can fetch samples from
# each ingesters and blocks storage. This limit is enforced in the querier,
# ruler and store-gateway. 0 to disable
# CLI flag: -querier.max-fetched-series-per-query
[max_fetched_series_per_query: <int> | default = 0]

# Deprecated (use max-fetched-data-bytes-per-query instead): The maximum size of
# all chunks in bytes that a query can fetch from each ingester and storage.
# This limit is enforced in the querier, ruler and store-gateway. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-fetched-chunk-bytes-per-query
[max_fetched_chunk_bytes_per_query: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum combined size of all data that a query can fetch from each
# ingester and storage. This limit is enforced in the querier and ruler for
# `query`, `query_range` and `series` APIs. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-fetched-data-bytes-per-query
[max_fetched_data_bytes_per_query: <int> | default = 0]

# Limit how long back data (series and metadata) can be queried, up until
# <lookback> duration ago. This limit is enforced in the query-frontend, querier
# and ruler. If the requested time range is outside the allowed range, the
# request will not fail but will be manipulated to only query data within the
# allowed time range. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-query-lookback
[max_query_lookback: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Limit the query time range (end - start time of range query parameter and max
# - min of data fetched time range). This limit is enforced in the
# query-frontend and ruler (on the received query). 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -store.max-query-length
[max_query_length: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Maximum number of split queries will be scheduled in parallel by the frontend.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-query-parallelism
[max_query_parallelism: <int> | default = 14]

# The maximum total uncompressed query response size. If the query was sharded
# the limit is applied to the total response size of all shards. This limit is
# enforced in query-frontend for `query` and `query_range` APIs. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -frontend.max-query-response-size
[max_query_response_size: <int> | default = 0]

# Most recent allowed cacheable result per-tenant, to prevent caching very
# recent results that might still be in flux.
# CLI flag: -frontend.max-cache-freshness
[max_cache_freshness: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Per-tenant TTL for cached query results in the cache backend
# (Memcached/Redis/FIFO). This is the standard TTL for results that do not
# overlap with the out-of-order time window. 0 (default) means use the global
# cache backend TTL configuration.
# CLI flag: -frontend.results-cache-ttl
[results_cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Per-tenant TTL for cached query results that overlap with the out-of-order
# time window. These results may still receive out-of-order samples, so they
# typically use a shorter TTL. 0 (default) means use the global cache backend
# TTL configuration.
# CLI flag: -frontend.out-of-order-results-cache-ttl
[out_of_order_results_cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Maximum number of queriers that can handle requests for a single tenant. If
# set to 0 or value higher than number of available queriers, *all* queriers
# will handle requests for the tenant. If the value is < 1, it will be treated
# as a percentage and the gets a percentage of the total queriers. Each frontend
# (or query-scheduler, if used) will select the same set of queriers for the
# same tenant (given that all queriers are connected to all frontends /
# query-schedulers). This option only works with queriers connecting to the
# query-frontend / query-scheduler, not when using downstream URL.
# CLI flag: -frontend.max-queriers-per-tenant
[max_queriers_per_tenant: <float> | default = 0]

# [Experimental] Number of shards to use when distributing shardable PromQL
# queries.
# CLI flag: -frontend.query-vertical-shard-size
[query_vertical_shard_size: <int> | default = 0]

# Enable to allow queries to be evaluated with data from a single zone, if other
# zones are not available.
[query_partial_data: <boolean> | default = false]

# The maximum number of rows that can be fetched when querying parquet storage.
# Each row maps to a series in a parquet file. This limit applies before
# materializing chunks. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-queryable.max-fetched-row-count
[parquet_max_fetched_row_count: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of bytes that can be used to fetch chunk column pages when
# querying parquet storage. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-queryable.max-fetched-chunk-bytes
[parquet_max_fetched_chunk_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of bytes that can be used to fetch all column pages when
# querying parquet storage. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-queryable.max-fetched-data-bytes
[parquet_max_fetched_data_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of outstanding requests per tenant per request queue (either
# query frontend or query scheduler); requests beyond this error with HTTP 429.
# CLI flag: -frontend.max-outstanding-requests-per-tenant
[max_outstanding_requests_per_tenant: <int> | default = 100]

# Configuration for query priority.
query_priority:
  # Whether queries are assigned with priorities.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.query-priority.enabled
  [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Priority assigned to all queries by default. Must be a unique value. Use
  # this as a baseline to make certain queries higher/lower priority.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.query-priority.default-priority
  [default_priority: <int> | default = 0]

  # List of priority definitions.
  [priorities: <list of PriorityDef> | default = []]

# Configuration for query rejection.
query_rejection:
  # Whether query rejection is enabled.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.query-rejection.enabled
  [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # List of query_attributes to match and reject queries. A query is rejected if
  # it matches any query_attribute in this list. Each query_attribute has
  # several properties (e.g., regex, time_window, user_agent), and all specified
  # properties must match for a query_attribute to be considered a match. Only
  # the specified properties are checked, and an AND operator is applied to
  # them.
  [query_attributes: <list of QueryAttribute> | default = []]

# Deprecated(use ruler.query-offset instead) and will be removed in v1.19.0:
# Duration to delay the evaluation of rules to ensure the underlying metrics
# have been pushed to Cortex.
# CLI flag: -ruler.evaluation-delay-duration
[ruler_evaluation_delay_duration: <duration> | default = 0s]

# The default tenant's shard size when the shuffle-sharding strategy is used by
# ruler. When this setting is specified in the per-tenant overrides, a value of
# 0 disables shuffle sharding for the tenant. If the value is < 1 the shard size
# will be a percentage of the total rulers.
# CLI flag: -ruler.tenant-shard-size
[ruler_tenant_shard_size: <float> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of rules per rule group per-tenant. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ruler.max-rules-per-rule-group
[ruler_max_rules_per_rule_group: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of rule groups per-tenant. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -ruler.max-rule-groups-per-tenant
[ruler_max_rule_groups_per_tenant: <int> | default = 0]

# Duration to offset all rule evaluation queries per-tenant.
# CLI flag: -ruler.query-offset
[ruler_query_offset: <duration> | default = 0s]

# external labels for alerting rules
[ruler_external_labels: <map of string (labelName) to string (labelValue)> | default = []]

# Enable to allow rules to be evaluated with data from a single zone, if other
# zones are not available.
[rules_partial_data: <boolean> | default = false]

# The default tenant's shard size when the shuffle-sharding strategy is used.
# Must be set when the store-gateway sharding is enabled with the
# shuffle-sharding strategy. When this setting is specified in the per-tenant
# overrides, a value of 0 disables shuffle sharding for the tenant. If the value
# is < 1 the shard size will be a percentage of the total store-gateways.
# CLI flag: -store-gateway.tenant-shard-size
[store_gateway_tenant_shard_size: <float> | default = 0]

# The maximum number of data bytes to download per gRPC request in Store
# Gateway, including Series/LabelNames/LabelValues requests. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -store-gateway.max-downloaded-bytes-per-request
[max_downloaded_bytes_per_request: <int> | default = 0]

# Delete blocks containing samples older than the specified retention period. 0
# to disable.
# CLI flag: -compactor.blocks-retention-period
[compactor_blocks_retention_period: <duration> | default = 0s]

# The default tenant's shard size when the shuffle-sharding strategy is used by
# the compactor. When this setting is specified in the per-tenant overrides, a
# value of 0 disables shuffle sharding for the tenant. If the value is < 1 and >
# 0 the shard size will be a percentage of the total compactors
# CLI flag: -compactor.tenant-shard-size
[compactor_tenant_shard_size: <float> | default = 0]

# Index size limit in bytes for each compaction partition. 0 means no limit
# CLI flag: -compactor.partition-index-size-bytes
[compactor_partition_index_size_bytes: <int> | default = 68719476736]

# Time series count limit for each compaction partition. 0 means no limit
# CLI flag: -compactor.partition-series-count
[compactor_partition_series_count: <int> | default = 0]

# If set, enables the Parquet converter to create the parquet files.
# CLI flag: -parquet-converter.enabled
[parquet_converter_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# The default tenant's shard size when the shuffle-sharding strategy is used by
# the parquet converter. When this setting is specified in the per-tenant
# overrides, a value of 0 disables shuffle sharding for the tenant. If the value
# is < 1 and > 0 the shard size will be a percentage of the total parquet
# converters.
# CLI flag: -parquet-converter.tenant-shard-size
[parquet_converter_tenant_shard_size: <float> | default = 0]

# Additional label names for specific tenants to sort by after metric name, in
# order of precedence. These are applied during Parquet file generation.
# CLI flag: -parquet-converter.sort-columns
[parquet_converter_sort_columns: <list of string> | default = []]

# S3 server-side encryption type. Required to enable server-side encryption
# overrides for a specific tenant. If not set, the default S3 client settings
# are used.
[s3_sse_type: <string> | default = ""]

# S3 server-side encryption KMS Key ID. Ignored if the SSE type override is not
# set.
[s3_sse_kms_key_id: <string> | default = ""]

# S3 server-side encryption KMS encryption context. If unset and the key ID
# override is set, the encryption context will not be provided to S3. Ignored if
# the SSE type override is not set.
[s3_sse_kms_encryption_context: <string> | default = ""]

# Comma-separated list of network CIDRs to block in Alertmanager receiver
# integrations.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.receivers-firewall-block-cidr-networks
[alertmanager_receivers_firewall_block_cidr_networks: <string> | default = ""]

# True to block private and local addresses in Alertmanager receiver
# integrations. It blocks private addresses defined by  RFC 1918 (IPv4
# addresses) and RFC 4193 (IPv6 addresses), as well as loopback, local unicast
# and local multicast addresses.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.receivers-firewall-block-private-addresses
[alertmanager_receivers_firewall_block_private_addresses: <boolean> | default = false]

# Per-user rate limit for sending notifications from Alertmanager in
# notifications/sec. 0 = rate limit disabled. Negative value = no notifications
# are allowed.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.notification-rate-limit
[alertmanager_notification_rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

# Per-integration notification rate limits. Value is a map, where each key is
# integration name and value is a rate-limit (float). On command line, this map
# is given in JSON format. Rate limit has the same meaning as
# -alertmanager.notification-rate-limit, but only applies for specific
# integration. Allowed integration names: webhook, email, pagerduty, opsgenie,
# wechat, slack, victorops, pushover, sns, telegram, discord, webex, msteams,
# msteamsv2, jira, rocketchat.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.notification-rate-limit-per-integration
[alertmanager_notification_rate_limit_per_integration: <map of string to float64> | default = {}]

# Maximum size of configuration file for Alertmanager that tenant can upload via
# Alertmanager API. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-config-size-bytes
[alertmanager_max_config_size_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of templates in tenant's Alertmanager configuration uploaded
# via Alertmanager API. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-templates-count
[alertmanager_max_templates_count: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum size of single template in tenant's Alertmanager configuration
# uploaded via Alertmanager API. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-template-size-bytes
[alertmanager_max_template_size_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of aggregation groups in Alertmanager's dispatcher that a
# tenant can have. Each active aggregation group uses single goroutine. When the
# limit is reached, dispatcher will not dispatch alerts that belong to
# additional aggregation groups, but existing groups will keep working properly.
# 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-dispatcher-aggregation-groups
[alertmanager_max_dispatcher_aggregation_groups: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of alerts that a single user can have. Inserting more alerts
# will fail with a log message and metric increment. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-alerts-count
[alertmanager_max_alerts_count: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum total size of alerts that a single user can have, alert size is the
# sum of the bytes of its labels, annotations and generatorURL. Inserting more
# alerts will fail with a log message and metric increment. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-alerts-size-bytes
[alertmanager_max_alerts_size_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of silences that a single user can have, including expired
# silences. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-silences-count
[alertmanager_max_silences_count: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum size of individual silences that a single user can have. 0 = no limit.
# CLI flag: -alertmanager.max-silences-size-bytes
[alertmanager_max_silences_size_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# list of rule groups to disable
[disabled_rule_groups: <list of DisabledRuleGroup> | default = []]
```

### `memberlist_config`

The `memberlist_config` configures the Gossip memberlist.

```yaml
# Name of the node in memberlist cluster. Defaults to hostname.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.nodename
[node_name: <string> | default = ""]

# Add random suffix to the node name.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.randomize-node-name
[randomize_node_name: <boolean> | default = true]

# The timeout for establishing a connection with a remote node, and for
# read/write operations.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.stream-timeout
[stream_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

# Multiplication factor used when sending out messages (factor * log(N+1)).
# CLI flag: -memberlist.retransmit-factor
[retransmit_factor: <int> | default = 4]

# How often to use pull/push sync.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.pullpush-interval
[pull_push_interval: <duration> | default = 30s]

# How often to gossip.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.gossip-interval
[gossip_interval: <duration> | default = 200ms]

# How many nodes to gossip to.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.gossip-nodes
[gossip_nodes: <int> | default = 3]

# How long to keep gossiping to dead nodes, to give them chance to refute their
# death.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.gossip-to-dead-nodes-time
[gossip_to_dead_nodes_time: <duration> | default = 30s]

# How soon can dead node's name be reclaimed with new address. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.dead-node-reclaim-time
[dead_node_reclaim_time: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Enable message compression. This can be used to reduce bandwidth usage at the
# cost of slightly more CPU utilization.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.compression-enabled
[compression_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

# Gossip address to advertise to other members in the cluster. Used for NAT
# traversal.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.advertise-addr
[advertise_addr: <string> | default = ""]

# Gossip port to advertise to other members in the cluster. Used for NAT
# traversal.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.advertise-port
[advertise_port: <int> | default = 7946]

# Other cluster members to join. Can be specified multiple times. It can be an
# IP, hostname or an entry specified in the DNS Service Discovery format.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.join
[join_members: <list of string> | default = []]

# Min backoff duration to join other cluster members.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.min-join-backoff
[min_join_backoff: <duration> | default = 1s]

# Max backoff duration to join other cluster members.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.max-join-backoff
[max_join_backoff: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Max number of retries to join other cluster members.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.max-join-retries
[max_join_retries: <int> | default = 10]

# If this node fails to join memberlist cluster, abort.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.abort-if-join-fails
[abort_if_cluster_join_fails: <boolean> | default = true]

# If not 0, how often to rejoin the cluster. Occasional rejoin can help to fix
# the cluster split issue, and is harmless otherwise. For example when using
# only few components as a seed nodes (via -memberlist.join), then it's
# recommended to use rejoin. If -memberlist.join points to dynamic service that
# resolves to all gossiping nodes (eg. Kubernetes headless service), then rejoin
# is not needed.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.rejoin-interval
[rejoin_interval: <duration> | default = 0s]

# How long to keep LEFT ingesters in the ring.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.left-ingesters-timeout
[left_ingesters_timeout: <duration> | default = 5m]

# How long to keep deleted keys (tombstones) in the KV store
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tombstone-timeout
[tombstone_timeout: <duration> | default = 5m]

# Timeout for leaving memberlist cluster.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.leave-timeout
[leave_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# How much space to use for keeping received and sent messages in memory for
# troubleshooting (two buffers). 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.message-history-buffer-bytes
[message_history_buffer_bytes: <int> | default = 0]

# IP address to listen on for gossip messages. Multiple addresses may be
# specified. Defaults to 0.0.0.0
# CLI flag: -memberlist.bind-addr
[bind_addr: <list of string> | default = []]

# Port to listen on for gossip messages.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.bind-port
[bind_port: <int> | default = 7946]

# Timeout used when connecting to other nodes to send packet.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.packet-dial-timeout
[packet_dial_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# Timeout for writing 'packet' data.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.packet-write-timeout
[packet_write_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# Enable TLS on the memberlist transport layer.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tls-enabled
[tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
# with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tls-cert-path
[tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
# certificate to be configured.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tls-key-path
[tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
# not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tls-ca-path
[tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

# Override the expected name on the server certificate.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tls-server-name
[tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

# Skip validating server certificate.
# CLI flag: -memberlist.tls-insecure-skip-verify
[tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `memcached_config`

The `memcached_config` block configures how data is stored in Memcached (ie. expiration).

```yaml
# How long keys stay in the memcache.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.expiration
[expiration: <duration> | default = 0s]

# How many keys to fetch in each batch.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.batchsize
[batch_size: <int> | default = 1024]

# Maximum active requests to memcache.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.parallelism
[parallelism: <int> | default = 100]
```

### `memcached_client_config`

The `memcached_client_config` configures the client used to connect to Memcached.

```yaml
# Hostname for memcached service to use. If empty and if addresses is unset, no
# memcached will be used.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.hostname
[host: <string> | default = ""]

# SRV service used to discover memcache servers.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.service
[service: <string> | default = "memcached"]

# Comma separated addresses list in DNS Service Discovery format:
# https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/configuration/arguments/#dns-service-discovery
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.addresses
[addresses: <string> | default = ""]

# Maximum time to wait before giving up on memcached requests.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.timeout
[timeout: <duration> | default = 100ms]

# Maximum number of idle connections in pool.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.max-idle-conns
[max_idle_conns: <int> | default = 16]

# The maximum size of an item stored in memcached. Bigger items are not stored.
# If set to 0, no maximum size is enforced.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.max-item-size
[max_item_size: <int> | default = 0]

# Period with which to poll DNS for memcache servers.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.update-interval
[update_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Use consistent hashing to distribute to memcache servers.
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.consistent-hash
[consistent_hash: <boolean> | default = true]

# Trip circuit-breaker after this number of consecutive dial failures (if zero
# then circuit-breaker is disabled).
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.circuit-breaker-consecutive-failures
[circuit_breaker_consecutive_failures: <int> | default = 10]

# Duration circuit-breaker remains open after tripping (if zero then 60 seconds
# is used).
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.circuit-breaker-timeout
[circuit_breaker_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

# Reset circuit-breaker counts after this long (if zero then never reset).
# CLI flag: -frontend.memcached.circuit-breaker-interval
[circuit_breaker_interval: <duration> | default = 10s]
```

### `querier_config`

The `querier_config` configures the Cortex querier.

```yaml
# The maximum number of concurrent queries.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-concurrent
[max_concurrent: <int> | default = 20]

# The timeout for a query.
# CLI flag: -querier.timeout
[timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

# Deprecated (This feature will be always on after v1.18): Use streaming RPCs
# for metadata APIs from ingester.
# CLI flag: -querier.ingester-metadata-streaming
[ingester_metadata_streaming: <boolean> | default = true]

# Use LabelNames ingester RPCs with match params.
# CLI flag: -querier.ingester-label-names-with-matchers
[ingester_label_names_with_matchers: <boolean> | default = false]

# Maximum number of samples a single query can load into memory.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-samples
[max_samples: <int> | default = 50000000]

# Maximum lookback beyond which queries are not sent to ingester. 0 means all
# queries are sent to ingester.
# CLI flag: -querier.query-ingesters-within
[query_ingesters_within: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Enable returning samples stats per steps in query response.
# CLI flag: -querier.per-step-stats-enabled
[per_step_stats_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Use compression for metrics query API or instant and range query APIs.
# Supported compression 'gzip', 'snappy', 'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
# CLI flag: -querier.response-compression
[response_compression: <string> | default = "gzip"]

# The time after which a metric should be queried from storage and not just
# ingesters. 0 means all queries are sent to store. When running the blocks
# storage, if this option is enabled, the time range of the query sent to the
# store will be manipulated to ensure the query end is not more recent than 'now
# - query-store-after'.
# CLI flag: -querier.query-store-after
[query_store_after: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Maximum duration into the future you can query. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-query-into-future
[max_query_into_future: <duration> | default = 10m]

# The default evaluation interval or step size for subqueries.
# CLI flag: -querier.default-evaluation-interval
[default_evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Max number of steps allowed for every subquery expression in query. Number of
# steps is calculated using subquery range / step. A value > 0 enables it.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-subquery-steps
[max_subquery_steps: <int> | default = 0]

# Active query tracker monitors active queries, and writes them to the file in
# given directory. If Cortex discovers any queries in this log during startup,
# it will log them to the log file. Setting to empty value disables active query
# tracker, which also disables -querier.max-concurrent option.
# CLI flag: -querier.active-query-tracker-dir
[active_query_tracker_dir: <string> | default = "./active-query-tracker"]

# Time since the last sample after which a time series is considered stale and
# ignored by expression evaluations.
# CLI flag: -querier.lookback-delta
[lookback_delta: <duration> | default = 5m]

# Comma separated list of store-gateway addresses in DNS Service Discovery
# format. This option should be set when using the blocks storage and the
# store-gateway sharding is disabled (when enabled, the store-gateway instances
# form a ring and addresses are picked from the ring).
# CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-addresses
[store_gateway_addresses: <string> | default = ""]

store_gateway_client:
  # Enable TLS for gRPC client connecting to store-gateway.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: If enabled, gRPC clients perform health checks for each target
  # and fail the request if the target is marked as unhealthy.
  healthcheck_config:
    # The number of consecutive failed health checks required before considering
    # a target unhealthy. 0 means disabled.
    # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.healthcheck.unhealthy-threshold
    [unhealthy_threshold: <int> | default = 0]

    # The approximate amount of time between health checks of an individual
    # target.
    # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.healthcheck.interval
    [interval: <duration> | default = 5s]

    # The amount of time during which no response from a target means a failed
    # health check.
    # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.healthcheck.timeout
    [timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 5s.
  # CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-client.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# If enabled, store gateway query stats will be logged using `info` log level.
# CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-query-stats-enabled
[store_gateway_query_stats: <boolean> | default = true]

# The maximum number of times we attempt fetching missing blocks from different
# store-gateways. If no more store-gateways are left (ie. due to lower
# replication factor) than we'll end the retries earlier
# CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-consistency-check-max-attempts
[store_gateway_consistency_check_max_attempts: <int> | default = 3]

# [Experimental] The maximum number of series to be batched in a single gRPC
# response message from Store Gateways. A value of 0 or 1 disables batching.
# CLI flag: -querier.store-gateway-series-batch-size
[store_gateway_series_batch_size: <int> | default = 1]

# The maximum number of times we attempt fetching data from ingesters for
# retryable errors (ex. partial data returned).
# CLI flag: -querier.ingester-query-max-attempts
[ingester_query_max_attempts: <int> | default = 1]

# When distributor's sharding strategy is shuffle-sharding and this setting is >
# 0, queriers fetch in-memory series from the minimum set of required ingesters,
# selecting only ingesters which may have received series since 'now - lookback
# period'. The lookback period should be greater or equal than the configured
# 'query store after' and 'query ingesters within'. If this setting is 0,
# queriers always query all ingesters (ingesters shuffle sharding on read path
# is disabled).
# CLI flag: -querier.shuffle-sharding-ingesters-lookback-period
[shuffle_sharding_ingesters_lookback_period: <duration> | default = 0s]

thanos_engine:
  # Experimental. Use Thanos promql engine
  # https://github.com/thanos-io/promql-engine rather than the Prometheus promql
  # engine.
  # CLI flag: -querier.thanos-engine
  [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Enable xincrease, xdelta, xrate etc from Thanos engine.
  # CLI flag: -querier.enable-x-functions
  [enable_x_functions: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Logical plan optimizers. Multiple optimizers can be provided as a
  # comma-separated list. Supported values: default, all, propagate-matchers,
  # sort-matchers, merge-selects, detect-histogram-stats, projection
  # CLI flag: -querier.optimizers
  [optimizers: <string> | default = "default"]

  # Maximum number of goroutines that can be used to decode samples. 0 defaults
  # to GOMAXPROCS / 2.
  # CLI flag: -querier.decoding-concurrency
  [decoding_concurrency: <int> | default = 0]

# If enabled, ignore max query length check at Querier select method. Users can
# choose to ignore it since the validation can be done before Querier evaluation
# like at Query Frontend or Ruler.
# CLI flag: -querier.ignore-max-query-length
[ignore_max_query_length: <boolean> | default = false]

# [Experimental] If true, experimental promQL functions are enabled.
# CLI flag: -querier.enable-promql-experimental-functions
[enable_promql_experimental_functions: <boolean> | default = false]

# [Experimental] If true, querier will try to query the parquet files if
# available.
# CLI flag: -querier.enable-parquet-queryable
[enable_parquet_queryable: <boolean> | default = false]

# [Experimental] Maximum size of the Parquet shard cache. 0 to disable.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-shard-cache-size
[parquet_shard_cache_size: <int> | default = 512]

# [Experimental] TTL of the Parquet shard cache. 0 to no TTL.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-shard-cache-ttl
[parquet_shard_cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 24h]

# [Experimental] Parquet queryable's default block store to query. Valid options
# are tsdb and parquet. If it is set to tsdb, parquet queryable always fallback
# to store gateway.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-queryable-default-block-store
[parquet_queryable_default_block_store: <string> | default = "parquet"]

# [Experimental] Disable Parquet queryable to fallback queries to Store Gateway
# if the block is not available as Parquet files but available in TSDB. Setting
# this to true will disable the fallback and users can remove Store Gateway. But
# need to make sure Parquet files are created before it is queryable.
# CLI flag: -querier.parquet-queryable-fallback-disabled
[parquet_queryable_fallback_disabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# [Experimental] If true, querier will honor projection hints and only
# materialize requested labels. Today, projection is only effective when Parquet
# Queryable is enabled. Projection is only applied when not querying mixed block
# types (parquet and non-parquet) and not querying ingesters.
# CLI flag: -querier.honor-projection-hints
[honor_projection_hints: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `query_frontend_config`

The `query_frontend_config` configures the Cortex query-frontend.

```yaml
# Log queries that are slower than the specified duration. Set to 0 to disable.
# Set to < 0 to enable on all queries.
# CLI flag: -frontend.log-queries-longer-than
[log_queries_longer_than: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Max body size for downstream prometheus.
# CLI flag: -frontend.max-body-size
[max_body_size: <int> | default = 10485760]

# True to enable query statistics tracking. When enabled, a message with some
# statistics is logged for every query.
# CLI flag: -frontend.query-stats-enabled
[query_stats_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# If enabled, report the query stats log for queries coming from the ruler to
# evaluate rules. It only takes effect when '-ruler.frontend-address' is
# configured.
# CLI flag: -frontend.enabled-ruler-query-stats
[enabled_ruler_query_stats_log: <boolean> | default = false]

# If a querier disconnects without sending notification about graceful shutdown,
# the query-frontend will keep the querier in the tenant's shard until the
# forget delay has passed. This feature is useful to reduce the blast radius
# when shuffle-sharding is enabled.
# CLI flag: -query-frontend.querier-forget-delay
[querier_forget_delay: <duration> | default = 0s]

# DNS hostname used for finding query-schedulers.
# CLI flag: -frontend.scheduler-address
[scheduler_address: <string> | default = ""]

# How often to resolve the scheduler-address, in order to look for new
# query-scheduler instances.
# CLI flag: -frontend.scheduler-dns-lookup-period
[scheduler_dns_lookup_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

# Number of concurrent workers forwarding queries to single query-scheduler.
# CLI flag: -frontend.scheduler-worker-concurrency
[scheduler_worker_concurrency: <int> | default = 5]

grpc_client_config:
  # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
  [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

  # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.grpc-max-send-msg-size
  [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy', 'snappy-block' ,'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # Rate limit for gRPC client; 0 means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.grpc-client-rate-limit
  [rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

  # Rate limit burst for gRPC client.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.grpc-client-rate-limit-burst
  [rate_limit_burst: <int> | default = 0]

  # Enable backoff and retry when we hit ratelimits.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.backoff-on-ratelimits
  [backoff_on_ratelimits: <boolean> | default = false]

  backoff_config:
    # Minimum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.backoff-min-period
    [min_period: <duration> | default = 100ms]

    # Maximum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.backoff-max-period
    [max_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # Number of times to backoff and retry before failing.
    # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.backoff-retries
    [max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 20s.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.grpc-client-config.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# When multiple query-schedulers are available, re-enqueue queries that were
# rejected due to too many outstanding requests.
# CLI flag: -frontend.retry-on-too-many-outstanding-requests
[retry_on_too_many_outstanding_requests: <boolean> | default = false]

# Name of network interface to read address from. This address is sent to
# query-scheduler and querier, which uses it to send the query response back to
# query-frontend.
# CLI flag: -frontend.instance-interface-names
[instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

# URL of downstream Prometheus.
# CLI flag: -frontend.downstream-url
[downstream_url: <string> | default = ""]
```

### `query_range_config`

The `query_range_config` configures the query splitting and caching in the Cortex query-frontend.

```yaml
# Split queries by an interval and execute in parallel, 0 disables it. You
# should use a multiple of 24 hours (same as the storage bucketing scheme), to
# avoid queriers downloading and processing the same chunks. This also
# determines how cache keys are chosen when result caching is enabled
# CLI flag: -querier.split-queries-by-interval
[split_queries_by_interval: <duration> | default = 0s]

dynamic_query_splits:
  # [EXPERIMENTAL] Maximum number of shards for a query, 0 disables it.
  # Dynamically uses a multiple of split interval to maintain a total number of
  # shards below the set value. If vertical sharding is enabled for a query, the
  # combined total number of interval splits and vertical shards is kept below
  # this value.
  # CLI flag: -querier.max-shards-per-query
  [max_shards_per_query: <int> | default = 0]

  # [EXPERIMENTAL] Max total duration of data fetched from storage by all query
  # shards, 0 disables it. Dynamically uses a multiple of split interval to
  # maintain a total fetched duration of data lower than the value set. It takes
  # into account additional duration fetched by matrix selectors and subqueries.
  # CLI flag: -querier.max-fetched-data-duration-per-query
  [max_fetched_data_duration_per_query: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # [EXPERIMENTAL] Dynamically adjust vertical shard size to maximize the total
  # combined number of query shards and splits.
  # CLI flag: -querier.enable-dynamic-vertical-sharding
  [enable_dynamic_vertical_sharding: <boolean> | default = false]

# Mutate incoming queries to align their start and end with their step.
# CLI flag: -querier.align-querier-with-step
[align_queries_with_step: <boolean> | default = false]

results_cache:
  cache:
    # Enable in-memory cache.
    # CLI flag: -frontend.cache.enable-fifocache
    [enable_fifocache: <boolean> | default = false]

    # The default validity of entries for caches unless overridden.
    # CLI flag: -frontend.default-validity
    [default_validity: <duration> | default = 0s]

    background:
      # At what concurrency to write back to cache.
      # CLI flag: -frontend.background.write-back-concurrency
      [writeback_goroutines: <int> | default = 10]

      # How many key batches to buffer for background write-back.
      # CLI flag: -frontend.background.write-back-buffer
      [writeback_buffer: <int> | default = 10000]

    # The memcached_config block configures how data is stored in Memcached (ie.
    # expiration).
    [memcached: <memcached_config>]

    # The memcached_client_config configures the client used to connect to
    # Memcached.
    [memcached_client: <memcached_client_config>]

    # The redis_config configures the Redis backend cache.
    [redis: <redis_config>]

    # The fifo_cache_config configures the local in-memory cache.
    [fifocache: <fifo_cache_config>]

  # Use compression in results cache. Supported values are: 'snappy' and ''
  # (disable compression).
  # CLI flag: -frontend.compression
  [compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # Cache Statistics queryable samples on results cache.
  # CLI flag: -frontend.cache-queryable-samples-stats
  [cache_queryable_samples_stats: <boolean> | default = false]

# Cache query results.
# CLI flag: -querier.cache-results
[cache_results: <boolean> | default = false]

# Maximum number of retries for a single request; beyond this, the downstream
# error is returned.
# CLI flag: -querier.max-retries-per-request
[max_retries: <int> | default = 5]

# List of headers forwarded by the query Frontend to downstream querier.
# CLI flag: -frontend.forward-headers-list
[forward_headers_list: <list of string> | default = []]
```

### `redis_config`

The `redis_config` configures the Redis backend cache.

```yaml
# Redis Server endpoint to use for caching. A comma-separated list of endpoints
# for Redis Cluster or Redis Sentinel. If empty, no redis will be used.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.endpoint
[endpoint: <string> | default = ""]

# Redis Sentinel master name. An empty string for Redis Server or Redis Cluster.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.master-name
[master_name: <string> | default = ""]

# Maximum time to wait before giving up on redis requests.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.timeout
[timeout: <duration> | default = 500ms]

# How long keys stay in the redis.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.expiration
[expiration: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Database index.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.db
[db: <int> | default = 0]

# Maximum number of connections in the pool.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.pool-size
[pool_size: <int> | default = 0]

# Password to use when connecting to redis.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.password
[password: <string> | default = ""]

# Enable connecting to redis with TLS.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.tls-enabled
[tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Skip validating server certificate.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.tls-insecure-skip-verify
[tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

# Close connections after remaining idle for this duration. If the value is
# zero, then idle connections are not closed.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.idle-timeout
[idle_timeout: <duration> | default = 0s]

# Close connections older than this duration. If the value is zero, then the
# pool does not close connections based on age.
# CLI flag: -frontend.redis.max-connection-age
[max_connection_age: <duration> | default = 0s]
```

### `ruler_config`

The `ruler_config` configures the Cortex ruler.

```yaml
# [Experimental] gRPC address of the Query Frontend (host:port). If set, the
# Ruler send queries to the Query Frontend to utilize splitting and caching, at
# the cost of additional network hops compared to direct querying to Ingesters
# and Store Gateway.
# CLI flag: -ruler.frontend-address
[frontend_address: <string> | default = ""]

# [Experimental] Query response format to get query results from Query Frontend
# when the rule evaluation. It will only take effect when
# `-ruler.frontend-address` is configured. Supported values: json,protobuf
# CLI flag: -ruler.query-response-format
[query_response_format: <string> | default = "protobuf"]

frontend_client:
  # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
  [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

  # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.grpc-max-send-msg-size
  [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy', 'snappy-block' ,'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # Rate limit for gRPC client; 0 means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.grpc-client-rate-limit
  [rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

  # Rate limit burst for gRPC client.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.grpc-client-rate-limit-burst
  [rate_limit_burst: <int> | default = 0]

  # Enable backoff and retry when we hit ratelimits.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.backoff-on-ratelimits
  [backoff_on_ratelimits: <boolean> | default = false]

  backoff_config:
    # Minimum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.backoff-min-period
    [min_period: <duration> | default = 100ms]

    # Maximum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.backoff-max-period
    [max_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # Number of times to backoff and retry before failing.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.backoff-retries
    [max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 20s.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

# URL of alerts return path.
# CLI flag: -ruler.external.url
[external_url: <url> | default = ]

# Labels to add to all alerts.
[external_labels: <map of string (labelName) to string (labelValue)> | default = []]

ruler_client:
  # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
  [max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 104857600]

  # gRPC client max send message size (bytes).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.grpc-max-send-msg-size
  [max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 16777216]

  # Use compression when sending messages. Supported values are: 'gzip',
  # 'snappy', 'snappy-block' ,'zstd' and '' (disable compression)
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.grpc-compression
  [grpc_compression: <string> | default = ""]

  # Rate limit for gRPC client; 0 means disabled.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.grpc-client-rate-limit
  [rate_limit: <float> | default = 0]

  # Rate limit burst for gRPC client.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.grpc-client-rate-limit-burst
  [rate_limit_burst: <int> | default = 0]

  # Enable backoff and retry when we hit ratelimits.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.backoff-on-ratelimits
  [backoff_on_ratelimits: <boolean> | default = false]

  backoff_config:
    # Minimum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.client.backoff-min-period
    [min_period: <duration> | default = 100ms]

    # Maximum delay when backing off.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.client.backoff-max-period
    [max_period: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # Number of times to backoff and retry before failing.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.client.backoff-retries
    [max_retries: <int> | default = 10]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The maximum amount of time to establish a connection. A value of 0 means
  # using default gRPC client connect timeout 20s.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # Timeout for downstream rulers.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.client.remote-timeout
  [remote_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

# How frequently to evaluate rules
# CLI flag: -ruler.evaluation-interval
[evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# How frequently to poll for rule changes
# CLI flag: -ruler.poll-interval
[poll_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# file path to store temporary rule files for the prometheus rule managers
# CLI flag: -ruler.rule-path
[rule_path: <string> | default = "/rules"]

# Comma-separated list of URL(s) of the Alertmanager(s) to send notifications
# to. Each Alertmanager URL is treated as a separate group in the configuration.
# Multiple Alertmanagers in HA per group can be supported by using DNS
# resolution via -ruler.alertmanager-discovery.
# CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-url
[alertmanager_url: <string> | default = ""]

# Use DNS SRV records to discover Alertmanager hosts.
# CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-discovery
[enable_alertmanager_discovery: <boolean> | default = false]

# How long to wait between refreshing DNS resolutions of Alertmanager hosts.
# CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-refresh-interval
[alertmanager_refresh_interval: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Capacity of the queue for notifications to be sent to the Alertmanager.
# CLI flag: -ruler.notification-queue-capacity
[notification_queue_capacity: <int> | default = 10000]

# HTTP timeout duration when sending notifications to the Alertmanager.
# CLI flag: -ruler.notification-timeout
[notification_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

alertmanager_client:
  # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
  # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.tls-cert-path
  [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
  # certificate to be configured.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.tls-key-path
  [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against. If
  # not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.tls-ca-path
  [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.tls-server-name
  [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Skip validating server certificate.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.tls-insecure-skip-verify
  [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

  # HTTP Basic authentication username. It overrides the username set in the URL
  # (if any).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.basic-auth-username
  [basic_auth_username: <string> | default = ""]

  # HTTP Basic authentication password. It overrides the password set in the URL
  # (if any).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.alertmanager-client.basic-auth-password
  [basic_auth_password: <string> | default = ""]

# Max time to tolerate outage for restoring "for" state of alert.
# CLI flag: -ruler.for-outage-tolerance
[for_outage_tolerance: <duration> | default = 1h]

# Minimum duration between alert and restored "for" state. This is maintained
# only for alerts with configured "for" time greater than grace period.
# CLI flag: -ruler.for-grace-period
[for_grace_period: <duration> | default = 10m]

# Minimum amount of time to wait before resending an alert to Alertmanager.
# CLI flag: -ruler.resend-delay
[resend_delay: <duration> | default = 1m]

# If enabled, rules from a single rule group can be evaluated concurrently if
# there is no dependency between each other. Max concurrency for each rule group
# is controlled via ruler.max-concurrent-evals flag.
# CLI flag: -ruler.concurrent-evals-enabled
[concurrent_evals_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Max concurrency for a single rule group to evaluate independent rules.
# CLI flag: -ruler.max-concurrent-evals
[max_concurrent_evals: <int> | default = 1]

# Distribute rule evaluation using ring backend
# CLI flag: -ruler.enable-sharding
[enable_sharding: <boolean> | default = false]

# The sharding strategy to use. Supported values are: default, shuffle-sharding.
# CLI flag: -ruler.sharding-strategy
[sharding_strategy: <string> | default = "default"]

# Time to spend searching for a pending ruler when shutting down.
# CLI flag: -ruler.search-pending-for
[search_pending_for: <duration> | default = 5m]

ring:
  kvstore:
    # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
    # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.store
    [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

    # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
    # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.prefix
    [prefix: <string> | default = "rulers/"]

    # The consul_config configures the consul client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: ruler.ring
    [consul: <consul_config>]

    dynamodb:
      # Region to access dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.dynamodb.region
      [region: <string> | default = ""]

      # Table name to use on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.dynamodb.table-name
      [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.dynamodb.ttl-time
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

      # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
      [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

      # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
      [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

      # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.dynamodb.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: ruler.ring
    [etcd: <etcd_config>]

    multi:
      # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.multi.primary
      [primary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.multi.secondary
      [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Mirror writes to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.multi.mirror-enabled
      [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.multi.mirror-timeout
      [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

  # Period at which to heartbeat to the ring. 0 = disabled.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.heartbeat-period
  [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 5s]

  # The heartbeat timeout after which rulers are considered unhealthy within the
  # ring. 0 = never (timeout disabled).
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.heartbeat-timeout
  [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: The replication factor to use when loading rule groups for API
  # HA.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.replication-factor
  [replication_factor: <int> | default = 1]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: True to enable zone-awareness and load rule groups across
  # different availability zones for API HA.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.zone-awareness-enabled
  [zone_awareness_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # EXPERIMENTAL: File path where tokens are stored. If empty, tokens are not
  # stored at shutdown and restored at startup.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.tokens-file-path
  [tokens_file_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # Set to true to enable ring detailed metrics. These metrics provide detailed
  # information, such as token count and ownership per tenant. Disabling them
  # can significantly decrease the number of metrics emitted.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.detailed-metrics-enabled
  [detailed_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Name of network interface to read address from.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.instance-interface-names
  [instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

  # Number of tokens for each ruler.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.num-tokens
  [num_tokens: <int> | default = 128]

  # The sleep seconds when ruler is shutting down. Need to be close to or larger
  # than KV Store information propagation delay
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.final-sleep
  [final_sleep: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # Keep instance in the ring on shut down.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.ring.keep-instance-in-the-ring-on-shutdown
  [keep_instance_in_the_ring_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = false]

# Period with which to attempt to flush rule groups.
# CLI flag: -ruler.flush-period
[flush_period: <duration> | default = 1m]

# Enable the ruler api
# CLI flag: -ruler.enable-api
[enable_api: <boolean> | default = false]

# EXPERIMENTAL: Remove duplicate rules in the prometheus rules and alerts API
# response. If there are duplicate rules the rule with the latest evaluation
# timestamp will be kept.
# CLI flag: -experimental.ruler.api-deduplicate-rules
[api_deduplicate_rules: <boolean> | default = false]

# Comma separated list of tenants whose rules this ruler can evaluate. If
# specified, only these tenants will be handled by ruler, otherwise this ruler
# can process rules from all tenants. Subject to sharding.
# CLI flag: -ruler.enabled-tenants
[enabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

# Comma separated list of tenants whose rules this ruler cannot evaluate. If
# specified, a ruler that would normally pick the specified tenant(s) for
# processing will ignore them instead. Subject to sharding.
# CLI flag: -ruler.disabled-tenants
[disabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

# Report query statistics for ruler queries to complete as a per user metric and
# as an info level log message.
# CLI flag: -ruler.query-stats-enabled
[query_stats_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Disable the rule_group label on exported metrics
# CLI flag: -ruler.disable-rule-group-label
[disable_rule_group_label: <boolean> | default = false]

# Enable high availability
# CLI flag: -ruler.enable-ha-evaluation
[enable_ha_evaluation: <boolean> | default = false]

# Timeout duration for non-primary rulers during liveness checks. If the check
# times out, the non-primary ruler will evaluate the rule group. Applicable when
# ruler.enable-ha-evaluation is true.
# CLI flag: -ruler.liveness-check-timeout
[liveness_check_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

thanos_engine:
  # Experimental. Use Thanos promql engine
  # https://github.com/thanos-io/promql-engine rather than the Prometheus promql
  # engine.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.thanos-engine
  [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Enable xincrease, xdelta, xrate etc from Thanos engine.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.enable-x-functions
  [enable_x_functions: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Logical plan optimizers. Multiple optimizers can be provided as a
  # comma-separated list. Supported values: default, all, propagate-matchers,
  # sort-matchers, merge-selects, detect-histogram-stats, projection
  # CLI flag: -ruler.optimizers
  [optimizers: <string> | default = "default"]

  # Maximum number of goroutines that can be used to decode samples. 0 defaults
  # to GOMAXPROCS / 2.
  # CLI flag: -ruler.decoding-concurrency
  [decoding_concurrency: <int> | default = 0]
```

### `ruler_storage_config`

The `ruler_storage_config` configures the Cortex ruler storage backend.

```yaml
# Backend storage to use. Supported backends are: s3, gcs, azure, swift,
# filesystem, configdb, local.
# CLI flag: -ruler-storage.backend
[backend: <string> | default = "s3"]

s3:
  # The S3 bucket endpoint. It could be an AWS S3 endpoint listed at
  # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/s3.html or the address of an
  # S3-compatible service in hostname:port format.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.endpoint
  [endpoint: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 region. If unset, the client will issue a S3 GetBucketLocation API call
  # to autodetect it.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.region
  [region: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 bucket name
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, S3 endpoint will use the non-dualstack variant.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.disable-dualstack
  [disable_dualstack: <boolean> | default = false]

  # S3 secret access key
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.secret-access-key
  [secret_access_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 access key ID
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.access-key-id
  [access_key_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, use http:// for the S3 endpoint instead of https://. This could
  # be useful in local dev/test environments while using an S3-compatible
  # backend storage, like Minio.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.insecure
  [insecure: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The signature version to use for authenticating against S3. Supported values
  # are: v4, v2.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.signature-version
  [signature_version: <string> | default = "v4"]

  # The s3 bucket lookup style. Supported values are: auto, virtual-hosted,
  # path.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.bucket-lookup-type
  [bucket_lookup_type: <string> | default = "auto"]

  # If true, attach MD5 checksum when upload objects and S3 uses MD5 checksum
  # algorithm to verify the provided digest. If false, use CRC32C algorithm
  # instead.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.send-content-md5
  [send_content_md5: <boolean> | default = true]

  # The list api version. Supported values are: v1, v2, and ''.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.list-objects-version
  [list_objects_version: <string> | default = ""]

  # The s3_sse_config configures the S3 server-side encryption.
  # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: ruler-storage
  [sse: <s3_sse_config>]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.s3.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

gcs:
  # GCS bucket name
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.gcs.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # JSON representing either a Google Developers Console client_credentials.json
  # file or a Google Developers service account key file. If empty, fallback to
  # Google default logic.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.gcs.service-account
  [service_account: <string> | default = ""]

azure:
  # Azure storage account name
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.account-name
  [account_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage account key
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.account-key
  [account_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # The values of `account-name` and `endpoint-suffix` values will not be
  # ignored if `connection-string` is set. Use this method over `account-key` if
  # you need to authenticate via a SAS token or if you use the Azurite emulator.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.connection-string
  [connection_string: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage container name
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage endpoint suffix without schema. The account name will be
  # prefixed to this value to create the FQDN
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.endpoint-suffix
  [endpoint_suffix: <string> | default = ""]

  # Number of retries for recoverable errors
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 20]

  # Deprecated: Azure storage MSI resource. It will be set automatically by
  # Azure SDK.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.msi-resource
  [msi_resource: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage MSI resource managed identity client Id. If not supplied
  # default Azure credential will be used. Set it to empty if you need to
  # authenticate via Azure Workload Identity.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.user-assigned-id
  [user_assigned_id: <string> | default = ""]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.azure.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

swift:
  # OpenStack Swift authentication API version. 0 to autodetect.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.auth-version
  [auth_version: <int> | default = 0]

  # OpenStack Swift authentication URL
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.auth-url
  [auth_url: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential ID.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.application-credential-id
  [application_credential_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential name.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.application-credential-name
  [application_credential_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential secret.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.application-credential-secret
  [application_credential_secret: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift username.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.username
  [username: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.user-domain-name
  [user_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.user-domain-id
  [user_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user ID.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.user-id
  [user_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift API key.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.password
  [password: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.domain-id
  [domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.domain-name
  [domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project ID (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.project-id
  [project_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project name (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.project-name
  [project_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # ID of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if it
  # differs the from user domain.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.project-domain-id
  [project_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if
  # it differs from the user domain.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.project-domain-name
  [project_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift Region to use (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.region-name
  [region_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift container to put chunks in.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Max retries on requests error.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 3]

  # Time after which a connection attempt is aborted.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

  # Time after which an idle request is aborted. The timeout watchdog is reset
  # each time some data is received, so the timeout triggers after X time no
  # data is received on a request.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.swift.request-timeout
  [request_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

filesystem:
  # Local filesystem storage directory.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.filesystem.dir
  [dir: <string> | default = ""]

# The configstore_config configures the config database storing rules and
# alerts, and is used by the Cortex alertmanager.
# The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: ruler-storage
[configdb: <configstore_config>]

local:
  # Directory to scan for rules
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.local.directory
  [directory: <string> | default = ""]

users_scanner:
  # Strategy to use to scan users. Supported values are: list, user_index.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.users-scanner.strategy
  [strategy: <string> | default = "list"]

  # Maximum period of time to consider the user index as stale. Fall back to the
  # base scanner if stale. Only valid when strategy is user_index.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.users-scanner.user-index.max-stale-period
  [max_stale_period: <duration> | default = 1h]

  # How frequently user index file is updated. It only takes effect when user
  # scan strategy is user_index.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.users-scanner.user-index.update-interval
  [update_interval: <duration> | default = 15m]

  # TTL of the cached users. 0 disables caching and relies on caching at bucket
  # client level.
  # CLI flag: -ruler-storage.users-scanner.cache-ttl
  [cache_ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]
```

### `runtime_configuration_storage_config`

The `runtime_configuration_storage_config` configures the storage backend for the runtime configuration file.

```yaml
# How often to check runtime config file.
# CLI flag: -runtime-config.reload-period
[period: <duration> | default = 10s]

# File with the configuration that can be updated in runtime.
# CLI flag: -runtime-config.file
[file: <string> | default = ""]

# Backend storage to use. Supported backends are: s3, gcs, azure, swift,
# filesystem.
# CLI flag: -runtime-config.backend
[backend: <string> | default = "filesystem"]

s3:
  # The S3 bucket endpoint. It could be an AWS S3 endpoint listed at
  # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/s3.html or the address of an
  # S3-compatible service in hostname:port format.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.endpoint
  [endpoint: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 region. If unset, the client will issue a S3 GetBucketLocation API call
  # to autodetect it.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.region
  [region: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 bucket name
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, S3 endpoint will use the non-dualstack variant.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.disable-dualstack
  [disable_dualstack: <boolean> | default = false]

  # S3 secret access key
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.secret-access-key
  [secret_access_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # S3 access key ID
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.access-key-id
  [access_key_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # If enabled, use http:// for the S3 endpoint instead of https://. This could
  # be useful in local dev/test environments while using an S3-compatible
  # backend storage, like Minio.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.insecure
  [insecure: <boolean> | default = false]

  # The signature version to use for authenticating against S3. Supported values
  # are: v4, v2.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.signature-version
  [signature_version: <string> | default = "v4"]

  # The s3 bucket lookup style. Supported values are: auto, virtual-hosted,
  # path.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.bucket-lookup-type
  [bucket_lookup_type: <string> | default = "auto"]

  # If true, attach MD5 checksum when upload objects and S3 uses MD5 checksum
  # algorithm to verify the provided digest. If false, use CRC32C algorithm
  # instead.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.send-content-md5
  [send_content_md5: <boolean> | default = true]

  # The list api version. Supported values are: v1, v2, and ''.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.list-objects-version
  [list_objects_version: <string> | default = ""]

  # The s3_sse_config configures the S3 server-side encryption.
  # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: runtime-config
  [sse: <s3_sse_config>]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.s3.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

gcs:
  # GCS bucket name
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.gcs.bucket-name
  [bucket_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # JSON representing either a Google Developers Console client_credentials.json
  # file or a Google Developers service account key file. If empty, fallback to
  # Google default logic.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.gcs.service-account
  [service_account: <string> | default = ""]

azure:
  # Azure storage account name
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.account-name
  [account_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage account key
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.account-key
  [account_key: <string> | default = ""]

  # The values of `account-name` and `endpoint-suffix` values will not be
  # ignored if `connection-string` is set. Use this method over `account-key` if
  # you need to authenticate via a SAS token or if you use the Azurite emulator.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.connection-string
  [connection_string: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage container name
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage endpoint suffix without schema. The account name will be
  # prefixed to this value to create the FQDN
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.endpoint-suffix
  [endpoint_suffix: <string> | default = ""]

  # Number of retries for recoverable errors
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 20]

  # Deprecated: Azure storage MSI resource. It will be set automatically by
  # Azure SDK.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.msi-resource
  [msi_resource: <string> | default = ""]

  # Azure storage MSI resource managed identity client Id. If not supplied
  # default Azure credential will be used. Set it to empty if you need to
  # authenticate via Azure Workload Identity.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.user-assigned-id
  [user_assigned_id: <string> | default = ""]

  http:
    # The time an idle connection will remain idle before closing.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.http.idle-conn-timeout
    [idle_conn_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m30s]

    # The amount of time the client will wait for a servers response headers.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.http.response-header-timeout
    [response_header_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # If the client connects via HTTPS and this option is enabled, the client
    # will accept any certificate and hostname.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.http.insecure-skip-verify
    [insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]

    # Maximum time to wait for a TLS handshake. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.tls-handshake-timeout
    [tls_handshake_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

    # The time to wait for a server's first response headers after fully writing
    # the request headers if the request has an Expect header. 0 to send the
    # request body immediately.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.expect-continue-timeout
    [expect_continue_timeout: <duration> | default = 1s]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections across all hosts. 0 means
    # no limit.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.max-idle-connections
    [max_idle_connections: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If 0, a
    # built-in default value is used.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.max-idle-connections-per-host
    [max_idle_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 100]

    # Maximum number of connections per host. 0 means no limit.
    # CLI flag: -runtime-config.azure.max-connections-per-host
    [max_connections_per_host: <int> | default = 0]

swift:
  # OpenStack Swift authentication API version. 0 to autodetect.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.auth-version
  [auth_version: <int> | default = 0]

  # OpenStack Swift authentication URL
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.auth-url
  [auth_url: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential ID.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.application-credential-id
  [application_credential_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential name.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.application-credential-name
  [application_credential_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift application credential secret.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.application-credential-secret
  [application_credential_secret: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift username.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.username
  [username: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.user-domain-name
  [user_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.user-domain-id
  [user_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user ID.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.user-id
  [user_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift API key.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.password
  [password: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain ID.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.domain-id
  [domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift user's domain name.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.domain-name
  [domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project ID (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.project-id
  [project_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift project name (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.project-name
  [project_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # ID of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if it
  # differs the from user domain.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.project-domain-id
  [project_domain_id: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift project's domain (v3 auth only), only needed if
  # it differs from the user domain.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.project-domain-name
  [project_domain_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # OpenStack Swift Region to use (v2,v3 auth only).
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.region-name
  [region_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Name of the OpenStack Swift container to put chunks in.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.container-name
  [container_name: <string> | default = ""]

  # Max retries on requests error.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.max-retries
  [max_retries: <int> | default = 3]

  # Time after which a connection attempt is aborted.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.connect-timeout
  [connect_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s]

  # Time after which an idle request is aborted. The timeout watchdog is reset
  # each time some data is received, so the timeout triggers after X time no
  # data is received on a request.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.swift.request-timeout
  [request_timeout: <duration> | default = 5s]

filesystem:
  # Local filesystem storage directory.
  # CLI flag: -runtime-config.filesystem.dir
  [dir: <string> | default = ""]
```

### `s3_sse_config`

The `s3_sse_config` configures the S3 server-side encryption. The supported CLI flags `<prefix>` used to reference this config block are:

- `alertmanager-storage`
- `blocks-storage`
- `ruler-storage`
- `runtime-config`

&nbsp;

```yaml
# Enable AWS Server Side Encryption. Supported values: SSE-KMS, SSE-S3.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.s3.sse.type
[type: <string> | default = ""]

# KMS Key ID used to encrypt objects in S3
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.s3.sse.kms-key-id
[kms_key_id: <string> | default = ""]

# KMS Encryption Context used for object encryption. It expects JSON formatted
# string.
# CLI flag: -<prefix>.s3.sse.kms-encryption-context
[kms_encryption_context: <string> | default = ""]
```

### `server_config`

The `server_config` configures the HTTP and gRPC server of the launched service(s).

```yaml
# HTTP server listen network, default tcp
# CLI flag: -server.http-listen-network
[http_listen_network: <string> | default = "tcp"]

# HTTP server listen address.
# CLI flag: -server.http-listen-address
[http_listen_address: <string> | default = ""]

# HTTP server listen port.
# CLI flag: -server.http-listen-port
[http_listen_port: <int> | default = 80]

# Maximum number of simultaneous http connections, <=0 to disable
# CLI flag: -server.http-conn-limit
[http_listen_conn_limit: <int> | default = 0]

# gRPC server listen network
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-listen-network
[grpc_listen_network: <string> | default = "tcp"]

# gRPC server listen address.
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-listen-address
[grpc_listen_address: <string> | default = ""]

# gRPC server listen port.
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-listen-port
[grpc_listen_port: <int> | default = 9095]

# Maximum number of simultaneous grpc connections, <=0 to disable
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-conn-limit
[grpc_listen_conn_limit: <int> | default = 0]

# Comma-separated list of cipher suites to use. If blank, the default Go cipher
# suites is used.
# CLI flag: -server.tls-cipher-suites
[tls_cipher_suites: <string> | default = ""]

# Minimum TLS version to use. Allowed values: VersionTLS10, VersionTLS11,
# VersionTLS12, VersionTLS13. If blank, the Go TLS minimum version is used.
# CLI flag: -server.tls-min-version
[tls_min_version: <string> | default = ""]

http_tls_config:
  # HTTP server cert path.
  # CLI flag: -server.http-tls-cert-path
  [cert_file: <string> | default = ""]

  # HTTP server key path.
  # CLI flag: -server.http-tls-key-path
  [key_file: <string> | default = ""]

  # HTTP TLS Client Auth type.
  # CLI flag: -server.http-tls-client-auth
  [client_auth_type: <string> | default = ""]

  # HTTP TLS Client CA path.
  # CLI flag: -server.http-tls-ca-path
  [client_ca_file: <string> | default = ""]

grpc_tls_config:
  # GRPC TLS server cert path.
  # CLI flag: -server.grpc-tls-cert-path
  [cert_file: <string> | default = ""]

  # GRPC TLS server key path.
  # CLI flag: -server.grpc-tls-key-path
  [key_file: <string> | default = ""]

  # GRPC TLS Client Auth type.
  # CLI flag: -server.grpc-tls-client-auth
  [client_auth_type: <string> | default = ""]

  # GRPC TLS Client CA path.
  # CLI flag: -server.grpc-tls-ca-path
  [client_ca_file: <string> | default = ""]

# Register the intrumentation handlers (/metrics etc).
# CLI flag: -server.register-instrumentation
[register_instrumentation: <boolean> | default = true]

# Timeout for graceful shutdowns
# CLI flag: -server.graceful-shutdown-timeout
[graceful_shutdown_timeout: <duration> | default = 30s]

# Read timeout for HTTP server
# CLI flag: -server.http-read-timeout
[http_server_read_timeout: <duration> | default = 30s]

# Write timeout for HTTP server
# CLI flag: -server.http-write-timeout
[http_server_write_timeout: <duration> | default = 30s]

# Idle timeout for HTTP server
# CLI flag: -server.http-idle-timeout
[http_server_idle_timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

# Limit on the size of a gRPC message this server can receive (bytes).
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-max-recv-msg-size-bytes
[grpc_server_max_recv_msg_size: <int> | default = 4194304]

# Limit on the size of a gRPC message this server can send (bytes).
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-max-send-msg-size-bytes
[grpc_server_max_send_msg_size: <int> | default = 4194304]

# Limit on the number of concurrent streams for gRPC calls (0 = unlimited)
# CLI flag: -server.grpc-max-concurrent-streams
[grpc_server_max_concurrent_streams: <int> | default = 100]

# Number of worker goroutines that should be used to process incoming
# streams.Setting this 0 (default) will disable workers and spawn a new
# goroutine for each stream.
# CLI flag: -server.grpc_server-num-stream-workers
[grpc_server_num_stream_workers: <int> | default = 0]

# The duration after which an idle connection should be closed. Default:
# infinity
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.max-connection-idle
[grpc_server_max_connection_idle: <duration> | default = 2562047h47m16.854775807s]

# The duration for the maximum amount of time a connection may exist before it
# will be closed. Default: infinity
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.max-connection-age
[grpc_server_max_connection_age: <duration> | default = 2562047h47m16.854775807s]

# An additive period after max-connection-age after which the connection will be
# forcibly closed. Default: infinity
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.max-connection-age-grace
[grpc_server_max_connection_age_grace: <duration> | default = 2562047h47m16.854775807s]

# Duration after which a keepalive probe is sent in case of no activity over the
# connection., Default: 2h
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.time
[grpc_server_keepalive_time: <duration> | default = 2h]

# After having pinged for keepalive check, the duration after which an idle
# connection should be closed, Default: 20s
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.timeout
[grpc_server_keepalive_timeout: <duration> | default = 20s]

# Minimum amount of time a client should wait before sending a keepalive ping.
# If client sends keepalive ping more often, server will send GOAWAY and close
# the connection.
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.min-time-between-pings
[grpc_server_min_time_between_pings: <duration> | default = 10s]

# If true, server allows keepalive pings even when there are no active
# streams(RPCs). If false, and client sends ping when there are no active
# streams, server will send GOAWAY and close the connection.
# CLI flag: -server.grpc.keepalive.ping-without-stream-allowed
[grpc_server_ping_without_stream_allowed: <boolean> | default = true]

# Enable Channelz for gRPC server. A web UI will be also exposed on the HTTP
# server at /channelz
# CLI flag: -server.enable-channelz
[enable_channelz: <boolean> | default = false]

# Output log messages in the given format. Valid formats: [logfmt, json]
# CLI flag: -log.format
[log_format: <string> | default = "logfmt"]

# Only log messages with the given severity or above. Valid levels: [debug,
# info, warn, error]
# CLI flag: -log.level
[log_level: <string> | default = "info"]

# Optionally log the source IPs.
# CLI flag: -server.log-source-ips-enabled
[log_source_ips_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Header field storing the source IPs. Only used if
# server.log-source-ips-enabled is true. If not set the default Forwarded,
# X-Real-IP and X-Forwarded-For headers are used
# CLI flag: -server.log-source-ips-header
[log_source_ips_header: <string> | default = ""]

# Regex for matching the source IPs. Only used if server.log-source-ips-enabled
# is true. If not set the default Forwarded, X-Real-IP and X-Forwarded-For
# headers are used
# CLI flag: -server.log-source-ips-regex
[log_source_ips_regex: <string> | default = ""]

# Optionally log request headers.
# CLI flag: -server.log-request-headers
[log_request_headers: <boolean> | default = false]

# Optionally log requests at info level instead of debug level. Applies to
# request headers as well if server.log-request-headers is enabled.
# CLI flag: -server.log-request-at-info-level-enabled
[log_request_at_info_level_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# Comma separated list of headers to exclude from loggin. Only used if
# server.log-request-headers is true.
# CLI flag: -server.log-request-headers-exclude-list
[log_request_exclude_headers_list: <string> | default = ""]

# Base path to serve all API routes from (e.g. /v1/)
# CLI flag: -server.path-prefix
[http_path_prefix: <string> | default = ""]
```

### `storage_config`

The `storage_config` configures the storage type Cortex uses.

```yaml
# The storage engine to use: blocks is the only supported option today.
# CLI flag: -store.engine
[engine: <string> | default = "blocks"]
```

### `store_gateway_config`

The `store_gateway_config` configures the store-gateway service used by the blocks storage.

```yaml
# Shard blocks across multiple store gateway instances. This option needs be set
# both on the store-gateway and querier when running in microservices mode.
# CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-enabled
[sharding_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

# The hash ring configuration. This option is required only if blocks sharding
# is enabled.
sharding_ring:
  # The key-value store used to share the hash ring across multiple instances.
  # This option needs be set both on the store-gateway and querier when running
  # in microservices mode.
  kvstore:
    # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul,
    # dynamodb, etcd, inmemory, memberlist, multi.
    # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.store
    [store: <string> | default = "consul"]

    # The prefix for the keys in the store. Should end with a /.
    # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.prefix
    [prefix: <string> | default = "collectors/"]

    # The consul_config configures the consul client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: store-gateway.sharding-ring
    [consul: <consul_config>]

    dynamodb:
      # Region to access dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.dynamodb.region
      [region: <string> | default = ""]

      # Table name to use on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.dynamodb.table-name
      [table_name: <string> | default = ""]

      # Time to expire items on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.dynamodb.ttl-time
      [ttl: <duration> | default = 0s]

      # Time to refresh local ring with information on dynamodb.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.dynamodb.puller-sync-time
      [puller_sync_time: <duration> | default = 1m]

      # Maximum number of retries for DDB KV CAS.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.dynamodb.max-cas-retries
      [max_cas_retries: <int> | default = 10]

      # Timeout of dynamoDbClient requests. Default is 2m.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.dynamodb.timeout
      [timeout: <duration> | default = 2m]

    # The etcd_config configures the etcd client.
    # The CLI flags prefix for this block config is: store-gateway.sharding-ring
    [etcd: <etcd_config>]

    multi:
      # Primary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.multi.primary
      [primary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Secondary backend storage used by multi-client.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.multi.secondary
      [secondary: <string> | default = ""]

      # Mirror writes to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.multi.mirror-enabled
      [mirror_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

      # Timeout for storing value to secondary store.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.multi.mirror-timeout
      [mirror_timeout: <duration> | default = 2s]

  # Period at which to heartbeat to the ring. 0 = disabled.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.heartbeat-period
  [heartbeat_period: <duration> | default = 15s]

  # The heartbeat timeout after which store gateways are considered unhealthy
  # within the ring. 0 = never (timeout disabled). This option needs be set both
  # on the store-gateway and querier when running in microservices mode.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.heartbeat-timeout
  [heartbeat_timeout: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # The replication factor to use when sharding blocks. This option needs be set
  # both on the store-gateway and querier when running in microservices mode.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.replication-factor
  [replication_factor: <int> | default = 3]

  # File path where tokens are stored. If empty, tokens are not stored at
  # shutdown and restored at startup.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.tokens-file-path
  [tokens_file_path: <string> | default = ""]

  # True to enable zone-awareness and replicate blocks across different
  # availability zones.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.zone-awareness-enabled
  [zone_awareness_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # True to keep the store gateway instance in the ring when it shuts down. The
  # instance will then be auto-forgotten from the ring after
  # 10*heartbeat_timeout.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.keep-instance-in-the-ring-on-shutdown
  [keep_instance_in_the_ring_on_shutdown: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Set to true to enable ring detailed metrics. These metrics provide detailed
  # information, such as token count and ownership per tenant. Disabling them
  # can significantly decrease the number of metrics emitted.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.detailed-metrics-enabled
  [detailed_metrics_enabled: <boolean> | default = true]

  # Minimum time to wait for ring stability at startup. 0 to disable.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.wait-stability-min-duration
  [wait_stability_min_duration: <duration> | default = 1m]

  # Maximum time to wait for ring stability at startup. If the store-gateway
  # ring keeps changing after this period of time, the store-gateway will start
  # anyway.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.wait-stability-max-duration
  [wait_stability_max_duration: <duration> | default = 5m]

  # Timeout for waiting on store-gateway to become desired state in the ring.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.wait-instance-state-timeout
  [wait_instance_state_timeout: <duration> | default = 10m]

  # The sleep seconds when store-gateway is shutting down. Need to be close to
  # or larger than KV Store information propagation delay
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.final-sleep
  [final_sleep: <duration> | default = 0s]

  # Name of network interface to read address from.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.instance-interface-names
  [instance_interface_names: <list of string> | default = [eth0 en0]]

  # The availability zone where this instance is running. Required if
  # zone-awareness is enabled.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-ring.instance-availability-zone
  [instance_availability_zone: <string> | default = ""]

# The sharding strategy to use. Supported values are: default, shuffle-sharding.
# CLI flag: -store-gateway.sharding-strategy
[sharding_strategy: <string> | default = "default"]

# Comma separated list of tenants whose store metrics this storegateway can
# process. If specified, only these tenants will be handled by storegateway,
# otherwise this storegateway will be enabled for all the tenants in the
# store-gateway cluster.
# CLI flag: -store-gateway.enabled-tenants
[enabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

# Comma separated list of tenants whose store metrics this storegateway cannot
# process. If specified, a storegateway that would normally pick the specified
# tenant(s) for processing will ignore them instead.
# CLI flag: -store-gateway.disabled-tenants
[disabled_tenants: <string> | default = ""]

query_protection:
  rejection:
    threshold:
      # EXPERIMENTAL: Max CPU utilization that this ingester can reach before
      # rejecting new query request (across all tenants) in percentage, between
      # 0 and 1. monitored_resources config must include the resource type. 0 to
      # disable.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.query-protection.rejection.threshold.cpu-utilization
      [cpu_utilization: <float> | default = 0]

      # EXPERIMENTAL: Max heap utilization that this ingester can reach before
      # rejecting new query request (across all tenants) in percentage, between
      # 0 and 1. monitored_resources config must include the resource type. 0 to
      # disable.
      # CLI flag: -store-gateway.query-protection.rejection.threshold.heap-utilization
      [heap_utilization: <float> | default = 0]

hedged_request:
  # If true, hedged requests are applied to object store calls. It can help with
  # reducing tail latency.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.hedged-request.enabled
  [enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Maximum number of hedged requests allowed for each initial request. A high
  # number can reduce latency but increase internal calls.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.hedged-request.max-requests
  [max_requests: <int> | default = 3]

  # It is used to calculate a latency threshold to trigger hedged requests. For
  # example, additional requests are triggered when the initial request response
  # time exceeds the 90th percentile.
  # CLI flag: -store-gateway.hedged-request.quantile
  [quantile: <float> | default = 0.9]
```

### `tracing_config`

The `tracing_config` configures backends cortex uses.

```yaml
# Tracing type. OTEL and JAEGER are currently supported. For jaeger
# `JAEGER_AGENT_HOST` environment variable should also be set. See:
# https://cortexmetrics.io/docs/guides/tracing .
# CLI flag: -tracing.type
[type: <string> | default = "jaeger"]

otel:
  # otl collector endpoint that the driver will use to send spans.
  # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.otlp-endpoint
  [otlp_endpoint: <string> | default = ""]

  # enhance/modify traces/propagators for specific exporter. If empty, OTEL
  # defaults will apply. Supported values are: `awsxray.`
  # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.exporter-type
  [exporter_type: <string> | default = ""]

  # Fraction of traces to be sampled. Fractions >= 1 means sampling if off and
  # everything is traced.
  # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.sample-ratio
  [sample_ratio: <float> | default = 0.001]

  # If enabled, use round_robin gRPC load balancing policy. By default, use
  # pick_first policy. For more details, please refer to
  # https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/load-balancing.md#load-balancing-policies.
  # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.round-robin
  [round_robin: <boolean> | default = false]

  # Enable TLS in the GRPC client. This flag needs to be enabled when any other
  # TLS flag is set. If set to false, insecure connection to gRPC server will be
  # used.
  # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.tls-enabled
  [tls_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]

  tls:
    # Path to the client certificate file, which will be used for authenticating
    # with the server. Also requires the key path to be configured.
    # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.tls.tls-cert-path
    [tls_cert_path: <string> | default = ""]

    # Path to the key file for the client certificate. Also requires the client
    # certificate to be configured.
    # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.tls.tls-key-path
    [tls_key_path: <string> | default = ""]

    # Path to the CA certificates file to validate server certificate against.
    # If not set, the host's root CA certificates are used.
    # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.tls.tls-ca-path
    [tls_ca_path: <string> | default = ""]

    # Override the expected name on the server certificate.
    # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.tls.tls-server-name
    [tls_server_name: <string> | default = ""]

    # Skip validating server certificate.
    # CLI flag: -tracing.otel.tls.tls-insecure-skip-verify
    [tls_insecure_skip_verify: <boolean> | default = false]
```

### `LimitsPerLabelSet`

```yaml
limits:
  # The maximum number of active series per LabelSet, across the cluster before
  # replication. Setting the value 0 will enable the monitoring (metrics) but
  # would not enforce any limits.
  [max_series: <int> | default = ]

# LabelSet which the limit should be applied. If no labels are provided, it
# becomes the default partition which matches any series that doesn't match any
# other explicitly defined label sets.'
[label_set: <map of string (labelName) to string (labelValue)> | default = []]
```

### `PriorityDef`

```yaml
# Priority level. Must be a unique value.
[priority: <int> | default = 0]

# Number of reserved queriers to handle priorities higher or equal to the
# priority level. Value between 0 and 1 will be used as a percentage.
[reserved_queriers: <float> | default = 0]

# List of query_attributes to match and assign priority to queries. A query is
# assigned to this priority if it matches any query_attribute in this list. Each
# query_attribute has several properties (e.g., regex, time_window, user_agent),
# and all specified properties must match for a query_attribute to be considered
# a match. Only the specified properties are checked, and an AND operator is
# applied to them.
[query_attributes: <list of QueryAttribute> | default = []]
```

### `QueryAttribute`

```yaml
# API type for the query. Should be one of the query, query_range, series,
# labels, label_values. If not set, it won't be checked.
[api_type: <string> | default = ""]

# Regex that the query string (or at least one of the matchers in metadata
# query) should match. If not set, it won't be checked.
[regex: <string> | default = ""]

# Overall data select time window (including range selectors, modifiers and
# lookback delta) that the query should be within. If not set, it won't be
# checked.
time_window:
  # Start of the data select time window (including range selectors, modifiers
  # and lookback delta) that the query should be within. If set to 0, it won't
  # be checked.
  [start: <int> | default = 0]

  # End of the data select time window (including range selectors, modifiers and
  # lookback delta) that the query should be within. If set to 0, it won't be
  # checked.
  [end: <int> | default = 0]

# Query time range should be within this limit to match. Depending on where it
# was used, in most of the use-cases, either min or max value will be used. If
# not set, it won't be checked.
time_range_limit:
  # This will be duration (12h, 1d, 15d etc.). Query time range should be above
  # or equal to this value to match. Ex: if this value is 20d, then queries
  # whose range is bigger than or equal to 20d will match. If set to 0, it won't
  # be checked.
  [min: <int> | default = 0]

  # This will be duration (12h, 1d, 15d etc.). Query time range should be below
  # or equal to this value to match. Ex: if this value is 24h, then queries
  # whose range is smaller than or equal to 24h will match.If set to 0, it won't
  # be checked.
  [max: <int> | default = 0]

# If query step provided should be within this limit to match. If not set, it
# won't be checked. This property only applied to range queries and ignored for
# other types of queries.
query_step_limit:
  # Query step should be above or equal to this value to match. If set to 0, it
  # won't be checked.
  [min: <int> | default = 0]

  # Query step should be below or equal to this value to match. If set to 0, it
  # won't be checked.
  [max: <int> | default = 0]

# Regex that User-Agent header of the request should match. If not set, it won't
# be checked.
[user_agent_regex: <string> | default = ""]

# Grafana includes X-Dashboard-Uid header in query requests. If this field is
# provided then X-Dashboard-Uid header of request should match this value. If
# not set, it won't be checked. This property won't be applied to metadata
# queries.
[dashboard_uid: <string> | default = ""]

# Grafana includes X-Panel-Id header in query requests. If this field is
# provided then X-Panel-Id header of request should match this value. If not
# set, it won't be checked. This property won't be applied to metadata queries.
[panel_id: <string> | default = ""]
```

### `DisabledRuleGroup`

```yaml
# namespace in which the rule group belongs
[namespace: <string> | default = ""]

# name of the rule group
[name: <string> | default = ""]
```