diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/asset.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/asset.ts
index c315d5b29dcba0..85e12b89d722fa 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/asset.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/asset.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ import { getImportMapFilename } from './html'
 // referenceId is base64url but replaces - with $
 export const assetUrlRE: RegExp = /__VITE_ASSET__([\w$]+)__/g
 
+const encodedHashPlaceholderRE = /!~%7B([\w$]{1,17})%7D~/g
+function unescapeHashPlaceholders(uri: string): string {
+  return uri.replace(encodedHashPlaceholderRE, '!~{$1}~')
+}
+
 interface FileUrlMetadata {
   asFileUrl: boolean
 }
@@ -329,7 +334,9 @@ export function assetPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
               toRelativeRuntime,
             )
             return typeof replacement === 'string'
-              ? JSON.stringify(encodeURIPath(replacement))
+              ? JSON.stringify(
+                  unescapeHashPlaceholders(encodeURIPath(replacement)),
+                )
               : replacement.runtime
           },
 
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
index 46e540d5c7a610..222ae0ba88cafe 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/assets.spec.ts
@@ -218,6 +218,20 @@ describe('asset imports from js', () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe.runIf(isBuild)('file URL emitted by an external plugin', () => {
+  test('replaces the preliminary hash', async () => {
+    expect(await page.textContent('.emitted-worker-url')).toMatch(
+      /^\/foo\/bar\/assets\/emitted-worker-[-\w]{8}\.js$/,
+    )
+  })
+
+  test('loads the emitted chunk', async () => {
+    await expect
+      .poll(() => page.textContent('.emitted-worker-result'))
+      .toBe('worker loaded')
+  })
+})
+
 describe('css url() references', () => {
   test('fonts', async () => {
     expect(
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/encoded-base/assets-encoded-base.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/encoded-base/assets-encoded-base.spec.ts
index 900fb34df2c9a8..c3adcf72cb4af6 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/encoded-base/assets-encoded-base.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/encoded-base/assets-encoded-base.spec.ts
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ describe('asset imports from js', () => {
   })
 })
 
+test.runIf(isBuild)('loads the emitted worker', async () => {
+  await expect
+    .poll(() => page.textContent('.emitted-worker-result'))
+    .toBe('worker loaded')
+})
+
 describe('css url() references', () => {
   test('fonts', async () => {
     expect(
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/relative-base/assets-relative-base.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/relative-base/assets-relative-base.spec.ts
index 69b2b324119891..d786b3ff2b6288 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/relative-base/assets-relative-base.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/relative-base/assets-relative-base.spec.ts
@@ -77,6 +77,12 @@ describe('asset imports from js', () => {
   })
 })
 
+test.runIf(isBuild)('loads the emitted worker', async () => {
+  await expect
+    .poll(() => page.textContent('.emitted-worker-result'))
+    .toBe('worker loaded')
+})
+
 describe('css url() references', () => {
   test('fonts', async () => {
     expect(
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/runtime-base/assets-runtime-base.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/runtime-base/assets-runtime-base.spec.ts
index 2b89521b8cabc5..39933d1836b766 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/runtime-base/assets-runtime-base.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/runtime-base/assets-runtime-base.spec.ts
@@ -70,6 +70,12 @@ describe('asset imports from js', () => {
   })
 })
 
+test.runIf(isBuild)('loads the emitted worker', async () => {
+  await expect
+    .poll(() => page.textContent('.emitted-worker-result'))
+    .toBe('worker loaded')
+})
+
 describe('css url() references', () => {
   test('fonts', async () => {
     expect(
diff --git a/playground/assets/__tests__/url-base/assets-url-base.spec.ts b/playground/assets/__tests__/url-base/assets-url-base.spec.ts
index 0e7b044d7e9be9..fd106883c57ed8 100644
--- a/playground/assets/__tests__/url-base/assets-url-base.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/assets/__tests__/url-base/assets-url-base.spec.ts
@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ describe('asset imports from js', () => {
   })
 })
 
+test.runIf(isBuild)('loads the emitted worker', async () => {
+  await expect
+    .poll(() => page.textContent('.emitted-worker-result'))
+    .toBe('worker loaded')
+})
+
 describe('css url() references', () => {
   test('fonts', async () => {
     expect(
diff --git a/playground/assets/asset/emitted-worker.js b/playground/assets/asset/emitted-worker.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ea9f1d6518605c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/assets/asset/emitted-worker.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+self.postMessage('worker loaded')
diff --git a/playground/assets/asset/main.js b/playground/assets/asset/main.js
index e889874ff000d2..18bf777df83987 100644
--- a/playground/assets/asset/main.js
+++ b/playground/assets/asset/main.js
@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
+import emittedWorkerUrl from 'virtual:emitted-worker-url'
+
 function text(el, text) {
   document.querySelector(el).textContent = text
 }
 text('.relative-js', 'hello')
+
+if (emittedWorkerUrl) {
+  text('.emitted-worker-url', emittedWorkerUrl)
+  const worker = new Worker(emittedWorkerUrl, { type: 'module' })
+  worker.addEventListener('message', ({ data }) => {
+    text('.emitted-worker-result', data)
+  })
+}
diff --git a/playground/assets/index.html b/playground/assets/index.html
index 6ba5233498bcd4..d9b395be1c12a1 100644
--- a/playground/assets/index.html
+++ b/playground/assets/index.html
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ <h2>Asset Imports from JS</h2>
   </li>
 </ul>
 
+<h2>File URL emitted by an external plugin</h2>
+<code class="emitted-worker-url">pending</code>
+<code class="emitted-worker-result">pending</code>
+
 <h2>CSS url references</h2>
 <div>Font should be loaded (all text should be italic)</div>
 <div class="css-url-absolute">
diff --git a/playground/assets/vite.config-runtime-base.js b/playground/assets/vite.config-runtime-base.js
index 8fbed84bcdb860..c505feec8ac95a 100644
--- a/playground/assets/vite.config-runtime-base.js
+++ b/playground/assets/vite.config-runtime-base.js
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
     },
   },
   plugins: [
+    ...baseConfig.plugins,
     {
       name: 'dynamic-base-assets-globals',
       transformIndexHtml(_, ctx) {
diff --git a/playground/assets/vite.config.js b/playground/assets/vite.config.js
index 9bae9842ecab90..82bc7fc6b2ee91 100644
--- a/playground/assets/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/assets/vite.config.js
@@ -16,6 +16,26 @@ export default defineConfig({
     },
   },
   assetsInclude: ['**/*.unknown', './nested/*.custom'],
+  plugins: [
+    {
+      name: 'emitted-worker-url',
+      resolveId(id) {
+        if (id === 'virtual:emitted-worker-url') {
+          return '\0virtual:emitted-worker-url'
+        }
+      },
+      load(id) {
+        if (id !== '\0virtual:emitted-worker-url') return
+        if (this.environment.mode !== 'build') return 'export default undefined'
+
+        const referenceId = this.emitFile({
+          type: 'chunk',
+          id: path.resolve(import.meta.dirname, 'asset/emitted-worker.js'),
+        })
+        return `export default import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_${referenceId}`
+      },
+    },
+  ],
   build: {
     outDir: 'dist/foo',
     assetsInlineLimit: 8000, // 8 kB