diff --git a/build/three.core.js b/build/three.core.js
index 95a00ecfe7659c..252e4588832358 100644
--- a/build/three.core.js
+++ b/build/three.core.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Copyright 2010-2026 Three.js Authors
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
-const REVISION = '185';
+const REVISION = '186dev';
 
 /**
  * Represents mouse buttons and interaction types in context of controls.
@@ -22385,10 +22385,6 @@ const _segCenter = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector3();
 const _segDir = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector3();
 const _diff = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector3();
 
-const _edge1 = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector3();
-const _edge2 = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector3();
-const _normal$1 = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector3();
-
 /**
  * A ray that emits from an origin in a certain direction. The class is used by
  * {@link Raycaster} to assist with raycasting. Raycasting is used for
@@ -22919,76 +22915,128 @@ class Ray {
 	 */
 	intersectTriangle( a, b, c, backfaceCulling, target ) {
 
-		// Compute the offset origin, edges, and normal.
+		// Watertight ray/triangle intersection. Reference: Woop, Benthin, Wald,
+		// "Watertight Ray/Triangle Intersection", JCGT vol. 2 no. 1 (2013), Appendix A.
+		// https://jcgt.org/published/0002/01/05/
+
+		const origin = this.origin;
+		const direction = this.direction;
+
+		const dx = direction.x;
+		const dy = direction.y;
+		const dz = direction.z;
+
+		// triangle vertices relative to the ray origin
+
+		const aox = a.x - origin.x, aoy = a.y - origin.y, aoz = a.z - origin.z;
+		const box = b.x - origin.x, boy = b.y - origin.y, boz = b.z - origin.z;
+		const cox = c.x - origin.x, coy = c.y - origin.y, coz = c.z - origin.z;
+
+		// Use the dimension where the ray direction is maximal as the projection
+		// axis (kz) and read every component already permuted into (kx, ky, kz).
+		// kx and ky are swapped when the direction's kz component is negative, to
+		// preserve the winding order of triangles.
+
+		const adx = Math.abs( dx ), ady = Math.abs( dy ), adz = Math.abs( dz );
+
+		let dkx, dky, dkz;
+		let akx, aky, akz, bkx, bky, bkz, ckx, cky, ckz;
+
+		if ( adx >= ady && adx >= adz ) {
+
+			dkz = dx; akz = aox; bkz = box; ckz = cox;
+
+			if ( dx >= 0 ) {
 
-		// from https://github.com/pmjoniak/GeometricTools/blob/master/GTEngine/Include/Mathematics/GteIntrRay3Triangle3.h
+				dkx = dy; dky = dz;
+				akx = aoy; aky = aoz; bkx = boy; bky = boz; ckx = coy; cky = coz;
 
-		_edge1.subVectors( b, a );
-		_edge2.subVectors( c, a );
-		_normal$1.crossVectors( _edge1, _edge2 );
+			} else {
+
+				dkx = dz; dky = dy;
+				akx = aoz; aky = aoy; bkx = boz; bky = boy; ckx = coz; cky = coy;
+
+			}
+
+		} else if ( ady >= adz ) {
+
+			dkz = dy; akz = aoy; bkz = boy; ckz = coy;
 
-		// Solve Q + t*D = b1*E1 + b2*E2 (Q = kDiff, D = ray direction,
-		// E1 = kEdge1, E2 = kEdge2, N = Cross(E1,E2)) by
-		//   |Dot(D,N)|*b1 = sign(Dot(D,N))*Dot(D,Cross(Q,E2))
-		//   |Dot(D,N)|*b2 = sign(Dot(D,N))*Dot(D,Cross(E1,Q))
-		//   |Dot(D,N)|*t = -sign(Dot(D,N))*Dot(Q,N)
-		let DdN = this.direction.dot( _normal$1 );
-		let sign;
+			if ( dy >= 0 ) {
 
-		if ( DdN > 0 ) {
+				dkx = dz; dky = dx;
+				akx = aoz; aky = aox; bkx = boz; bky = box; ckx = coz; cky = cox;
 
-			if ( backfaceCulling ) return null;
-			sign = 1;
+			} else {
 
-		} else if ( DdN < 0 ) {
+				dkx = dx; dky = dz;
+				akx = aox; aky = aoz; bkx = box; bky = boz; ckx = cox; cky = coz;
 
-			sign = -1;
-			DdN = - DdN;
+			}
 
 		} else {
 
-			return null;
+			dkz = dz; akz = aoz; bkz = boz; ckz = coz;
 
-		}
+			if ( dz >= 0 ) {
 
-		_diff.subVectors( this.origin, a );
-		const DdQxE2 = sign * this.direction.dot( _edge2.crossVectors( _diff, _edge2 ) );
+				dkx = dx; dky = dy;
+				akx = aox; aky = aoy; bkx = box; bky = boy; ckx = cox; cky = coy;
 
-		// b1 < 0, no intersection
-		if ( DdQxE2 < 0 ) {
+			} else {
 
-			return null;
+				dkx = dy; dky = dx;
+				akx = aoy; aky = aox; bkx = boy; bky = box; ckx = coy; cky = cox;
+
+			}
 
 		}
 
-		const DdE1xQ = sign * this.direction.dot( _edge1.cross( _diff ) );
+		// a zero direction has no maximal axis and cannot intersect
 
-		// b2 < 0, no intersection
-		if ( DdE1xQ < 0 ) {
+		if ( dkz === 0 ) return null;
 
-			return null;
+		// shear constants that align the ray with the +kz axis
 
-		}
+		const sx = dkx / dkz, sy = dky / dkz, sz = 1 / dkz;
 
-		// b1+b2 > 1, no intersection
-		if ( DdQxE2 + DdE1xQ > DdN ) {
+		// sheared and scaled vertices
 
-			return null;
+		const ax = akx - sx * akz, ay = aky - sy * akz;
+		const bx = bkx - sx * bkz, by = bky - sy * bkz;
+		const cx = ckx - sx * ckz, cy = cky - sy * ckz;
 
-		}
+		// scaled barycentric coordinates (signed edge functions); the shear makes a
+		// shared edge evaluate identically for both adjacent triangles, so the ray
+		// can never fall between them
 
-		// Line intersects triangle, check if ray does.
-		const QdN = - sign * _diff.dot( _normal$1 );
+		const u = cx * by - cy * bx;
+		const v = ax * cy - ay * cx;
+		const w = bx * ay - by * ax;
 
-		// t < 0, no intersection
-		if ( QdN < 0 ) {
+		if ( backfaceCulling ) {
 
-			return null;
+			if ( u < 0 || v < 0 || w < 0 ) return null;
+
+		} else {
+
+			if ( ( u < 0 || v < 0 || w < 0 ) && ( u > 0 || v > 0 || w > 0 ) ) return null;
 
 		}
 
-		// Ray intersects triangle.
-		return this.at( QdN / DdN, target );
+		const det = u + v + w;
+
+		// ray is co-planar with the triangle
+
+		if ( det === 0 ) return null;
+
+		// scaled hit distance; t = tScaled / det must lie in front of the origin
+
+		const tScaled = sz * ( u * akz + v * bkz + w * ckz );
+
+		if ( det > 0 ? tScaled < 0 : tScaled > 0 ) return null;
+
+		return this.at( tScaled / det, target );
 
 	}
 
@@ -56137,6 +56185,10 @@ class Raycaster {
 	 * be detected. To raycast against both faces of an object, you'll want to set  {@link Material#side}
 	 * to `THREE.DoubleSide`.
 	 *
+	 * Note that a ray hitting a triangle mesh exactly along an edge shared by two faces may be
+	 * reported by both faces, resulting in two coincident intersections (identical point and
+	 * distance) in the returned array.
+	 *
 	 * @param {Object3D} object - The 3D object to check for intersection with the ray.
 	 * @param {boolean} [recursive=true] - If set to `true`, it also checks all descendants.
 	 * Otherwise it only checks intersection with the object.
@@ -59505,7 +59557,8 @@ class ShapePath {
 			for ( let j = i - 1; j >= 0; j -- ) {
 
 				const candidate = entries[ j ];
-				if ( ! candidate.boundingBox.containsPoint( entry.interiorPoint ) ) continue;
+
+				if ( ! candidate.boundingBox.containsBox( entry.boundingBox ) ) continue;
 				if ( ! pointInPolygon( entry.interiorPoint, candidate.points ) ) continue;
 
 				entry.container = candidate.exclude ? candidate.container : candidate;
@@ -59653,13 +59706,6 @@ class Controls extends EventDispatcher {
 	 */
 	connect( element ) {
 
-		if ( element === undefined ) {
-
-			warn( 'Controls: connect() now requires an element.' ); // @deprecated, the warning can be removed with r185
-			return;
-
-		}
-
 		if ( this.domElement !== null ) this.disconnect();
 
 		this.domElement = element;
diff --git a/build/three.tsl.js b/build/three.tsl.js
index 7f16636cec52b0..c0abc01a87621f 100644
--- a/build/three.tsl.js
+++ b/build/three.tsl.js
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ const vogelDiskSample = TSL.vogelDiskSample;
 const getParallaxCorrectNormal = TSL.getParallaxCorrectNormal;
 const getRoughness = TSL.getRoughness;
 const getScreenPosition = TSL.getScreenPosition;
+const getScreenPositionFromClip = TSL.getScreenPositionFromClip;
 const getShIrradianceAt = TSL.getShIrradianceAt;
 const getShadowMaterial = TSL.getShadowMaterial;
 const getShadowRenderObjectFunction = TSL.getShadowRenderObjectFunction;
@@ -630,7 +631,6 @@ const viewportDepthTexture = TSL.viewportDepthTexture;
 const viewportLinearDepth = TSL.viewportLinearDepth;
 const viewportMipTexture = TSL.viewportMipTexture;
 const viewportOpaqueMipTexture = TSL.viewportOpaqueMipTexture;
-const viewportResolution = TSL.viewportResolution;
 const viewportSafeUV = TSL.viewportSafeUV;
 const viewportSharedTexture = TSL.viewportSharedTexture;
 const viewportSize = TSL.viewportSize;
@@ -658,4 +658,4 @@ for ( const key of Object.keys( THREE.TSL ) ) {
 log( code );
 //*/
 
-export { BRDF_GGX, BRDF_Lambert, BasicPointShadowFilter, BasicShadowFilter, Break, Const, Continue, DFGLUT, D_GGX, Discard, EPSILON, F_Schlick, Fn, HALF_PI, INFINITY, If, Loop, NodeAccess, NodeShaderStage, NodeType, NodeUpdateType, OnBeforeMaterialUpdate, OnBeforeObjectUpdate, OnMaterialUpdate, OnObjectUpdate, PCFShadowFilter, PCFSoftShadowFilter, PI, PI2, PointShadowFilter, Return, Schlick_to_F0, ShaderNode, Stack, Switch, TBNViewMatrix, TWO_PI, VSMShadowFilter, V_GGX_SmithCorrelated, Var, VarIntent, abs, acesFilmicToneMapping, acos, acosh, add, addMethodChaining, addNodeElement, agxToneMapping, all, alphaT, ambientOcclusion, and, anisotropy, anisotropyB, anisotropyT, any, append, array, asin, asinh, assign, atan, atanh, atomicAdd, atomicAnd, atomicFunc, atomicLoad, atomicMax, atomicMin, atomicOr, atomicStore, atomicSub, atomicXor, attenuationColor, attenuationDistance, attribute, attributeArray, backgroundBlurriness, backgroundIntensity, backgroundRotation, batch, bentNormalView, billboarding, bitAnd, bitNot, bitOr, bitXor, bitangentGeometry, bitangentLocal, bitangentView, bitangentWorld, bitcast, blendBurn, blendColor, blendDodge, blendOverlay, blendScreen, blur, bool, buffer, bufferAttribute, builtin, builtinAOContext, builtinShadowContext, bumpMap, bvec2, bvec3, bvec4, bypass, cache, call, cameraFar, cameraIndex, cameraNear, cameraNormalMatrix, cameraPosition, cameraProjectionMatrix, cameraProjectionMatrixInverse, cameraViewMatrix, cameraViewport, cameraWorldMatrix, cbrt, cdl, ceil, checker, cineonToneMapping, clamp, clearcoat, clearcoatNormalView, clearcoatRoughness, clipSpace, code, color, colorSpaceToWorking, colorToDirection, compute, computeKernel, computeSkinning, context, convert, convertColorSpace, convertToTexture, cos, cosh, countLeadingZeros, countOneBits, countTrailingZeros, cross, cubeTexture, cubeTextureBase, dFdx, dFdy, dashSize, debug, decrement, decrementBefore, defaultBuildStages, defaultShaderStages, defined, degrees, deltaTime, densityFog, densityFogFactor, depth, depthPass, determinant, difference, diffuseColor, directPointLight, directionToColor, directionToFaceDirection, dispersion, distance, div, dot, drawIndex, dynamicBufferAttribute, element, emissive, equal, equirectDirection, equirectUV, exp, exp2, exponentialHeightFogFactor, expression, faceDirection, faceForward, faceforward, float, floatBitsToInt, floatBitsToUint, floor, fog, fract, frameGroup, frameId, frontFacing, fwidth, gain, gapSize, getConstNodeType, getCurrentStack, getDirection, getDistanceAttenuation, getGeometryRoughness, getNormalFromDepth, getParallaxCorrectNormal, getRoughness, getScreenPosition, getShIrradianceAt, getShadowMaterial, getShadowRenderObjectFunction, getTextureIndex, getViewPosition, globalId, glsl, glslFn, grayscale, greaterThan, greaterThanEqual, hash, highpModelNormalViewMatrix, highpModelViewMatrix, hue, increment, incrementBefore, instance, instanceIndex, instancedArray, instancedBufferAttribute, instancedDynamicBufferAttribute, instancedMesh, int, intBitsToFloat, interleavedGradientNoise, inverse, inverseSqrt, inversesqrt, invocationLocalIndex, invocationSubgroupIndex, ior, iridescence, iridescenceIOR, iridescenceThickness, ivec2, ivec3, ivec4, js, label, length, lengthSq, lessThan, lessThanEqual, lightPosition, lightProjectionUV, lightShadowMatrix, lightTargetDirection, lightTargetPosition, lightViewPosition, lightingContext, lights, linearDepth, linearToneMapping, localId, log, log2, logarithmicDepthToViewZ, luminance, mat2, mat3, mat4, matcapUV, materialAO, materialAlphaTest, materialAnisotropy, materialAnisotropyVector, materialAttenuationColor, materialAttenuationDistance, materialClearcoat, materialClearcoatNormal, materialClearcoatRoughness, materialColor, materialDispersion, materialEmissive, materialEnvIntensity, materialEnvRotation, materialIOR, materialIridescence, materialIridescenceIOR, materialIridescenceThickness, materialLightMap, materialLineDashOffset, materialLineDashSize, materialLineGapSize, materialLineScale, materialLineWidth, materialMetalness, materialNormal, materialOpacity, materialPointSize, materialReference, materialReflectivity, materialRefractionRatio, materialRotation, materialRoughness, materialSheen, materialSheenRoughness, materialShininess, materialSpecular, materialSpecularColor, materialSpecularIntensity, materialSpecularStrength, materialThickness, materialTransmission, max, maxMipLevel, mediumpModelViewMatrix, metalness, min, mix, mixElement, mod, modelDirection, modelNormalMatrix, modelPosition, modelRadius, modelScale, modelViewMatrix, modelViewPosition, modelViewProjection, modelWorldMatrix, modelWorldMatrixInverse, morphReference, mrt, mul, mx_aastep, mx_add, mx_atan2, mx_cell_noise_float, mx_contrast, mx_divide, mx_fractal_noise_float, mx_fractal_noise_vec2, mx_fractal_noise_vec3, mx_fractal_noise_vec4, mx_frame, mx_heighttonormal, mx_hsvtorgb, mx_ifequal, mx_ifgreater, mx_ifgreatereq, mx_invert, mx_modulo, mx_multiply, mx_noise_float, mx_noise_vec3, mx_noise_vec4, mx_place2d, mx_power, mx_ramp4, mx_ramplr, mx_ramptb, mx_rgbtohsv, mx_rotate2d, mx_rotate3d, mx_safepower, mx_separate, mx_splitlr, mx_splittb, mx_srgb_texture_to_lin_rec709, mx_subtract, mx_timer, mx_transform_uv, mx_unifiednoise2d, mx_unifiednoise3d, mx_worley_noise_float, mx_worley_noise_vec2, mx_worley_noise_vec3, negate, negateOnBackSide, neutralToneMapping, nodeArray, nodeImmutable, nodeObject, nodeObjectIntent, nodeObjects, nodeProxy, nodeProxyIntent, normalFlat, normalGeometry, normalLocal, normalMap, normalView, normalViewGeometry, normalWorld, normalWorldGeometry, normalize, not, notEqual, numWorkgroups, objectDirection, objectGroup, objectPosition, objectRadius, objectScale, objectViewPosition, objectWorldMatrix, oneMinus, or, orthographicDepthToViewZ, oscSawtooth, oscSine, oscSquare, oscTriangle, output, outputStruct, overloadingFn, overrideNode, overrideNodes, packHalf2x16, packNormalToRGB, packSnorm2x16, packUnorm2x16, parabola, parallaxDirection, parallaxUV, parameter, pass, passTexture, pcurve, perspectiveDepthToViewZ, pmremTexture, pointShadow, pointUV, pointWidth, positionGeometry, positionLocal, positionPrevious, positionView, positionViewDirection, positionWorld, positionWorldDirection, posterize, pow, pow2, pow3, pow4, premultiplyAlpha, property, radians, rand, range, rangeFog, rangeFogFactor, reciprocal, reference, referenceBuffer, reflect, reflectVector, reflectView, reflector, refract, refractVector, refractView, reinhardToneMapping, remap, remapClamp, renderGroup, renderOutput, rendererReference, replaceDefaultUV, rotate, rotateUV, roughness, round, rtt, sRGBTransferEOTF, sRGBTransferOETF, sample, sampler, samplerComparison, saturate, saturation, screen, screenCoordinate, screenDPR, screenSize, screenUV, select, setCurrentStack, setName, shaderStages, shadow, shadowPositionWorld, shapeCircle, sharedUniformGroup, sheen, sheenRoughness, shiftLeft, shiftRight, shininess, sign, sin, sinc, sinh, skinning, smoothstep, smoothstepElement, specularColor, specularF90, spherizeUV, split, spritesheetUV, sqrt, stack, step, stepElement, storage, storageBarrier, storageTexture, storageTexture3D, struct, sub, subBuild, subgroupAdd, subgroupAll, subgroupAnd, subgroupAny, subgroupBallot, subgroupBroadcast, subgroupBroadcastFirst, subgroupElect, subgroupExclusiveAdd, subgroupExclusiveMul, subgroupInclusiveAdd, subgroupInclusiveMul, subgroupIndex, subgroupMax, subgroupMin, subgroupMul, subgroupOr, subgroupShuffle, subgroupShuffleDown, subgroupShuffleUp, subgroupShuffleXor, subgroupSize, subgroupXor, tan, tangentGeometry, tangentLocal, tangentView, tangentWorld, tanh, texture, texture3D, textureBarrier, textureBicubic, textureBicubicLevel, textureCubeUV, textureLevel, textureLoad, textureSize, textureStore, thickness, time, toneMapping, toneMappingExposure, toonOutlinePass, transformDirection, transformNormal, transformNormalByInverseViewMatrix, transformNormalByViewMatrix, transformNormalToView, transformedClearcoatNormalView, transformedNormalView, transformedNormalWorld, transmission, transpose, triNoise3D, triplanarTexture, triplanarTextures, trunc, uint, uintBitsToFloat, uniform, uniformArray, uniformCubeTexture, uniformFlow, uniformGroup, uniformTexture, unpackHalf2x16, unpackRGBToNormal, unpackSnorm2x16, unpackUnorm2x16, unpremultiplyAlpha, userData, uv, uvec2, uvec3, uvec4, varying, varyingProperty, vec2, vec3, vec4, vectorComponents, velocity, vertexColor, vertexIndex, vertexStage, vibrance, viewZToLogarithmicDepth, viewZToOrthographicDepth, viewZToPerspectiveDepth, viewZToReversedOrthographicDepth, viewZToReversedPerspectiveDepth, viewport, viewportCoordinate, viewportDepthTexture, viewportLinearDepth, viewportMipTexture, viewportOpaqueMipTexture, viewportResolution, viewportSafeUV, viewportSharedTexture, viewportSize, viewportTexture, viewportUV, vogelDiskSample, wgsl, wgslFn, workgroupArray, workgroupBarrier, workgroupId, workingToColorSpace, xor };
+export { BRDF_GGX, BRDF_Lambert, BasicPointShadowFilter, BasicShadowFilter, Break, Const, Continue, DFGLUT, D_GGX, Discard, EPSILON, F_Schlick, Fn, HALF_PI, INFINITY, If, Loop, NodeAccess, NodeShaderStage, NodeType, NodeUpdateType, OnBeforeMaterialUpdate, OnBeforeObjectUpdate, OnMaterialUpdate, OnObjectUpdate, PCFShadowFilter, PCFSoftShadowFilter, PI, PI2, PointShadowFilter, Return, Schlick_to_F0, ShaderNode, Stack, Switch, TBNViewMatrix, TWO_PI, VSMShadowFilter, V_GGX_SmithCorrelated, Var, VarIntent, abs, acesFilmicToneMapping, acos, acosh, add, addMethodChaining, addNodeElement, agxToneMapping, all, alphaT, ambientOcclusion, and, anisotropy, anisotropyB, anisotropyT, any, append, array, asin, asinh, assign, atan, atanh, atomicAdd, atomicAnd, atomicFunc, atomicLoad, atomicMax, atomicMin, atomicOr, atomicStore, atomicSub, atomicXor, attenuationColor, attenuationDistance, attribute, attributeArray, backgroundBlurriness, backgroundIntensity, backgroundRotation, batch, bentNormalView, billboarding, bitAnd, bitNot, bitOr, bitXor, bitangentGeometry, bitangentLocal, bitangentView, bitangentWorld, bitcast, blendBurn, blendColor, blendDodge, blendOverlay, blendScreen, blur, bool, buffer, bufferAttribute, builtin, builtinAOContext, builtinShadowContext, bumpMap, bvec2, bvec3, bvec4, bypass, cache, call, cameraFar, cameraIndex, cameraNear, cameraNormalMatrix, cameraPosition, cameraProjectionMatrix, cameraProjectionMatrixInverse, cameraViewMatrix, cameraViewport, cameraWorldMatrix, cbrt, cdl, ceil, checker, cineonToneMapping, clamp, clearcoat, clearcoatNormalView, clearcoatRoughness, clipSpace, code, color, colorSpaceToWorking, colorToDirection, compute, computeKernel, computeSkinning, context, convert, convertColorSpace, convertToTexture, cos, cosh, countLeadingZeros, countOneBits, countTrailingZeros, cross, cubeTexture, cubeTextureBase, dFdx, dFdy, dashSize, debug, decrement, decrementBefore, defaultBuildStages, defaultShaderStages, defined, degrees, deltaTime, densityFog, densityFogFactor, depth, depthPass, determinant, difference, diffuseColor, directPointLight, directionToColor, directionToFaceDirection, dispersion, distance, div, dot, drawIndex, dynamicBufferAttribute, element, emissive, equal, equirectDirection, equirectUV, exp, exp2, exponentialHeightFogFactor, expression, faceDirection, faceForward, faceforward, float, floatBitsToInt, floatBitsToUint, floor, fog, fract, frameGroup, frameId, frontFacing, fwidth, gain, gapSize, getConstNodeType, getCurrentStack, getDirection, getDistanceAttenuation, getGeometryRoughness, getNormalFromDepth, getParallaxCorrectNormal, getRoughness, getScreenPosition, getScreenPositionFromClip, getShIrradianceAt, getShadowMaterial, getShadowRenderObjectFunction, getTextureIndex, getViewPosition, globalId, glsl, glslFn, grayscale, greaterThan, greaterThanEqual, hash, highpModelNormalViewMatrix, highpModelViewMatrix, hue, increment, incrementBefore, instance, instanceIndex, instancedArray, instancedBufferAttribute, instancedDynamicBufferAttribute, instancedMesh, int, intBitsToFloat, interleavedGradientNoise, inverse, inverseSqrt, inversesqrt, invocationLocalIndex, invocationSubgroupIndex, ior, iridescence, iridescenceIOR, iridescenceThickness, ivec2, ivec3, ivec4, js, label, length, lengthSq, lessThan, lessThanEqual, lightPosition, lightProjectionUV, lightShadowMatrix, lightTargetDirection, lightTargetPosition, lightViewPosition, lightingContext, lights, linearDepth, linearToneMapping, localId, log, log2, logarithmicDepthToViewZ, luminance, mat2, mat3, mat4, matcapUV, materialAO, materialAlphaTest, materialAnisotropy, materialAnisotropyVector, materialAttenuationColor, materialAttenuationDistance, materialClearcoat, materialClearcoatNormal, materialClearcoatRoughness, materialColor, materialDispersion, materialEmissive, materialEnvIntensity, materialEnvRotation, materialIOR, materialIridescence, materialIridescenceIOR, materialIridescenceThickness, materialLightMap, materialLineDashOffset, materialLineDashSize, materialLineGapSize, materialLineScale, materialLineWidth, materialMetalness, materialNormal, materialOpacity, materialPointSize, materialReference, materialReflectivity, materialRefractionRatio, materialRotation, materialRoughness, materialSheen, materialSheenRoughness, materialShininess, materialSpecular, materialSpecularColor, materialSpecularIntensity, materialSpecularStrength, materialThickness, materialTransmission, max, maxMipLevel, mediumpModelViewMatrix, metalness, min, mix, mixElement, mod, modelDirection, modelNormalMatrix, modelPosition, modelRadius, modelScale, modelViewMatrix, modelViewPosition, modelViewProjection, modelWorldMatrix, modelWorldMatrixInverse, morphReference, mrt, mul, mx_aastep, mx_add, mx_atan2, mx_cell_noise_float, mx_contrast, mx_divide, mx_fractal_noise_float, mx_fractal_noise_vec2, mx_fractal_noise_vec3, mx_fractal_noise_vec4, mx_frame, mx_heighttonormal, mx_hsvtorgb, mx_ifequal, mx_ifgreater, mx_ifgreatereq, mx_invert, mx_modulo, mx_multiply, mx_noise_float, mx_noise_vec3, mx_noise_vec4, mx_place2d, mx_power, mx_ramp4, mx_ramplr, mx_ramptb, mx_rgbtohsv, mx_rotate2d, mx_rotate3d, mx_safepower, mx_separate, mx_splitlr, mx_splittb, mx_srgb_texture_to_lin_rec709, mx_subtract, mx_timer, mx_transform_uv, mx_unifiednoise2d, mx_unifiednoise3d, mx_worley_noise_float, mx_worley_noise_vec2, mx_worley_noise_vec3, negate, negateOnBackSide, neutralToneMapping, nodeArray, nodeImmutable, nodeObject, nodeObjectIntent, nodeObjects, nodeProxy, nodeProxyIntent, normalFlat, normalGeometry, normalLocal, normalMap, normalView, normalViewGeometry, normalWorld, normalWorldGeometry, normalize, not, notEqual, numWorkgroups, objectDirection, objectGroup, objectPosition, objectRadius, objectScale, objectViewPosition, objectWorldMatrix, oneMinus, or, orthographicDepthToViewZ, oscSawtooth, oscSine, oscSquare, oscTriangle, output, outputStruct, overloadingFn, overrideNode, overrideNodes, packHalf2x16, packNormalToRGB, packSnorm2x16, packUnorm2x16, parabola, parallaxDirection, parallaxUV, parameter, pass, passTexture, pcurve, perspectiveDepthToViewZ, pmremTexture, pointShadow, pointUV, pointWidth, positionGeometry, positionLocal, positionPrevious, positionView, positionViewDirection, positionWorld, positionWorldDirection, posterize, pow, pow2, pow3, pow4, premultiplyAlpha, property, radians, rand, range, rangeFog, rangeFogFactor, reciprocal, reference, referenceBuffer, reflect, reflectVector, reflectView, reflector, refract, refractVector, refractView, reinhardToneMapping, remap, remapClamp, renderGroup, renderOutput, rendererReference, replaceDefaultUV, rotate, rotateUV, roughness, round, rtt, sRGBTransferEOTF, sRGBTransferOETF, sample, sampler, samplerComparison, saturate, saturation, screen, screenCoordinate, screenDPR, screenSize, screenUV, select, setCurrentStack, setName, shaderStages, shadow, shadowPositionWorld, shapeCircle, sharedUniformGroup, sheen, sheenRoughness, shiftLeft, shiftRight, shininess, sign, sin, sinc, sinh, skinning, smoothstep, smoothstepElement, specularColor, specularF90, spherizeUV, split, spritesheetUV, sqrt, stack, step, stepElement, storage, storageBarrier, storageTexture, storageTexture3D, struct, sub, subBuild, subgroupAdd, subgroupAll, subgroupAnd, subgroupAny, subgroupBallot, subgroupBroadcast, subgroupBroadcastFirst, subgroupElect, subgroupExclusiveAdd, subgroupExclusiveMul, subgroupInclusiveAdd, subgroupInclusiveMul, subgroupIndex, subgroupMax, subgroupMin, subgroupMul, subgroupOr, subgroupShuffle, subgroupShuffleDown, subgroupShuffleUp, subgroupShuffleXor, subgroupSize, subgroupXor, tan, tangentGeometry, tangentLocal, tangentView, tangentWorld, tanh, texture, texture3D, textureBarrier, textureBicubic, textureBicubicLevel, textureCubeUV, textureLevel, textureLoad, textureSize, textureStore, thickness, time, toneMapping, toneMappingExposure, toonOutlinePass, transformDirection, transformNormal, transformNormalByInverseViewMatrix, transformNormalByViewMatrix, transformNormalToView, transformedClearcoatNormalView, transformedNormalView, transformedNormalWorld, transmission, transpose, triNoise3D, triplanarTexture, triplanarTextures, trunc, uint, uintBitsToFloat, uniform, uniformArray, uniformCubeTexture, uniformFlow, uniformGroup, uniformTexture, unpackHalf2x16, unpackRGBToNormal, unpackSnorm2x16, unpackUnorm2x16, unpremultiplyAlpha, userData, uv, uvec2, uvec3, uvec4, varying, varyingProperty, vec2, vec3, vec4, vectorComponents, velocity, vertexColor, vertexIndex, vertexStage, vibrance, viewZToLogarithmicDepth, viewZToOrthographicDepth, viewZToPerspectiveDepth, viewZToReversedOrthographicDepth, viewZToReversedPerspectiveDepth, viewport, viewportCoordinate, viewportDepthTexture, viewportLinearDepth, viewportMipTexture, viewportOpaqueMipTexture, viewportSafeUV, viewportSharedTexture, viewportSize, viewportTexture, viewportUV, vogelDiskSample, wgsl, wgslFn, workgroupArray, workgroupBarrier, workgroupId, workingToColorSpace, xor };
diff --git a/build/three.webgpu.js b/build/three.webgpu.js
index 9f83e322a167c3..b3af7b15cebc50 100644
--- a/build/three.webgpu.js
+++ b/build/three.webgpu.js
@@ -4908,30 +4908,6 @@ const split = ( node, channels ) => new SplitNode( nodeObject( node ), channels
 addMethodChaining( 'element', element );
 addMethodChaining( 'convert', convert );
 
-// deprecated
-
-/**
- * @tsl
- * @function
- * @deprecated since r176. Use {@link Stack} instead.
- *
- * @param {Node} node - The node to add.
- * @returns {Function}
- */
-const append = ( node ) => { // @deprecated, r176
-
-	warn( 'TSL: append() has been renamed to Stack().', new StackTrace() );
-	return Stack( node );
-
-};
-
-addMethodChaining( 'append', ( node ) => { // @deprecated, r176
-
-	warn( 'TSL: .append() has been renamed to .toStack().', new StackTrace() );
-	return Stack( node );
-
-} );
-
 /**
  * This class represents a shader property. It can be used
  * to explicitly define a property and assign a value to it.
@@ -14170,19 +14146,6 @@ const viewportCoordinate = /*@__PURE__*/ screenCoordinate.sub( viewport.xy );
  */
 const viewportUV = /*@__PURE__*/ viewportCoordinate.div( viewportSize );
 
-// Deprecated
-
-/**
- * @deprecated since r169. Use {@link screenSize} instead.
- */
-const viewportResolution = /*@__PURE__*/ ( Fn( () => { // @deprecated, r169
-
-	warn( 'TSL: "viewportResolution" is deprecated. Use "screenSize" instead.', new StackTrace() );
-
-	return screenSize;
-
-}, 'vec2' ).once() )();
-
 // Cache node uniforms
 
 let _cameraProjectionMatrixBase = null;
@@ -15519,8 +15482,8 @@ const materialEnvIntensity = /*@__PURE__*/ uniform( 1 ).onReference( ( { materia
 
 /**
  * TSL object that represents the rotation of environment maps.
- * When `material.envMap` is set, the value is `material.envMapRotation`. `scene.environmentRotation` controls the
- * rotation of `scene.environment` instead.
+ * When `material.envMap` is set, the value is `material.envMapRotation`.
+ * `scene.environmentRotation` controls the rotation of `scene.environment` or `scene.environmentNode` instead.
  *
  * @tsl
  * @type {Node<mat4>}
@@ -15531,7 +15494,8 @@ const materialEnvRotation = /*@__PURE__*/ uniform( new Matrix4() ).onReference(
 
 } ).onObjectUpdate( function ( { material, scene } ) {
 
-	const rotation = ( scene.environment !== null && material.envMap === null ) ? scene.environmentRotation : material.envMapRotation;
+	const hasSceneEnvironment = ( scene.environment !== null ) || ( scene.environmentNode && scene.environmentNode.isNode );
+	const rotation = ( hasSceneEnvironment && material.envMap === null ) ? scene.environmentRotation : material.envMapRotation;
 
 	if ( rotation ) {
 
@@ -18302,26 +18266,26 @@ const _previousInstanceMatrices = /*@__PURE__*/ new WeakMap();
  *
  * @param {NodeBuilder} builder - The current node builder.
  * @param {InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} instanceMatrix - The matrix buffer attribute.
- * @param {number} count - The instance count.
  * @returns {Node} The matrix node.
  */
-function createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, instanceMatrix, count ) {
+function createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, instanceMatrix ) {
 
 	let instanceMatrixNode;
+	const matrixCount = Math.max( instanceMatrix.count, 1 );
 
 	const isStorageMatrix = instanceMatrix.isStorageInstancedBufferAttribute === true;
 
 	if ( isStorageMatrix ) {
 
-		instanceMatrixNode = storage( instanceMatrix, 'mat4', Math.max( count, 1 ) ).element( instanceIndex );
+		instanceMatrixNode = storage( instanceMatrix, 'mat4', matrixCount ).element( instanceIndex );
 
 	} else {
 
-		const uniformBufferSize = count * 16 * 4;
+		const uniformBufferSize = matrixCount * 16 * 4;
 
 		if ( uniformBufferSize <= builder.getUniformBufferLimit() ) {
 
-			instanceMatrixNode = buffer( instanceMatrix.array, 'mat4', Math.max( count, 1 ) ).element( instanceIndex );
+			instanceMatrixNode = buffer( instanceMatrix.array, 'mat4', matrixCount ).element( instanceIndex );
 
 		} else {
 
@@ -18360,10 +18324,9 @@ function createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, instanceMatrix, count ) {
  * @param {InstancedMesh} instancedMesh - The instanced mesh object.
  * @param {InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} instanceMatrix - The current matrix buffer attribute.
  * @param {NodeBuilder} builder - The current node builder.
- * @param {number} count - The instance count.
  * @returns {Node} The previous frame instance matrix node.
  */
-function getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, instanceMatrix, builder, count ) {
+function getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, instanceMatrix, builder ) {
 
 	let data = _previousInstanceMatrices.get( instancedMesh );
 
@@ -18373,7 +18336,7 @@ function getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, instanceMatrix, builder, count ) {
 
 		data = {
 			previousInstanceMatrix,
-			node: createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, previousInstanceMatrix, count )
+			node: createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, previousInstanceMatrix )
 		};
 
 		_previousInstanceMatrices.set( instancedMesh, data );
@@ -18397,26 +18360,22 @@ const instanceColor = /*@__PURE__*/ varyingProperty( 'vec3', 'vInstanceColor' );
  *
  * @tsl
  * @function
- * @param {number} count - The instance count.
  * @param {InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} matrices - The instanced transformation matrices.
  * @param {?InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} [colors=null] - The optional instanced colors.
  */
-const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ count, matrices, colors = null ], builder ) => {
-
-	// get numeric value (non-node)
-	count = count.value;
+const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ matrices, colors = null ], builder ) => {
 
 	const isStorageMatrix = matrices.isStorageInstancedBufferAttribute === true;
 	const isStorageColor = colors && colors.isStorageInstancedBufferAttribute === true;
 
-	const instanceMatrixNode = createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, matrices, count );
+	const instanceMatrixNode = createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, matrices );
 
 	// interleaved buffer tracking for matrix
 	let interleavedMatrix = null;
 
 	if ( ! isStorageMatrix ) {
 
-		const uniformBufferSize = count * 16 * 4;
+		const uniformBufferSize = Math.max( matrices.count, 1 ) * 16 * 4;
 
 		if ( uniformBufferSize > builder.getUniformBufferLimit() ) {
 
@@ -18508,7 +18467,7 @@ const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ count, matrices, colors = null ], builder
 
 		} );
 
-		const previousInstanceMatrixNode = getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, matrices, builder, count );
+		const previousInstanceMatrixNode = getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, matrices, builder );
 		positionPrevious.assign( previousInstanceMatrixNode.mul( positionPrevious ).xyz );
 
 	}
@@ -18541,9 +18500,9 @@ const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ count, matrices, colors = null ], builder
  */
 const instancedMesh = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ instancedMesh ] ) => {
 
-	const { count, instanceMatrix, instanceColor } = instancedMesh;
+	const { instanceMatrix, instanceColor } = instancedMesh;
 
-	instance( count, instanceMatrix, instanceColor );
+	instance( instanceMatrix, instanceColor );
 
 }, 'void' );
 
@@ -27221,7 +27180,7 @@ class PMREMNode extends TempNode {
 		// PMREMGenerator renders into a render target with inverted Y, so its output needs the Y
 		// flip on sampling. Externally authored PMREMs follow the standard convention and don't.
 
-		uvNode = this._pmrem.isRenderTargetTexture
+		uvNode = this._pmrem === null || this._pmrem.isRenderTargetTexture
 			? materialEnvRotation.mul( vec3( uvNode.x, uvNode.y.negate(), uvNode.z ) )
 			: materialEnvRotation.mul( uvNode );
 
@@ -29221,9 +29180,9 @@ class VolumetricLightingModel extends LightingModel {
 
 	direct( { lightNode, lightColor }, builder ) {
 
-		// Ignore lights with infinite distance
+		// Ignore non-analytical lights and lights with infinite distance
 
-		if ( lightNode.light.distance === undefined ) return;
+		if ( lightNode.isAnalyticLightNode !== true || lightNode.light.distance === undefined ) return;
 
 		// TODO: We need a viewportOpaque*() ( output, depth ) to fit with modern rendering approaches
 
@@ -36054,6 +36013,10 @@ class MRTNode extends OutputStructNode {
 		for ( const name in outputNodes ) {
 
 			const index = getTextureIndex( textures, name );
+
+			// Ignore if the output exists in the MRT but has never been used.
+			if ( index === -1 ) continue;
+
 			const type = builder.getOutputType( index );
 
 			members[ index ] = outputNodes[ name ].convert( type );
@@ -38516,6 +38479,27 @@ const getScreenPosition = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ viewPosition, projectionMatrix ]
 
 } );
 
+/**
+ * Converts a clip-space position into a screen position expressed as uv coordinates.
+ *
+ * @tsl
+ * @function
+ * @param {Node<vec4>} clipPosition - The position in clip space.
+ * @return {Node<vec2>} The screen position expressed as uv coordinates.
+ */
+const getScreenPositionFromClip = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ clipPosition ] ) => {
+
+	const screen = clipPosition.xy.div( clipPosition.w ).mul( 0.5 ).add( 0.5 ).toVar();
+	return vec2( screen.x, screen.y.oneMinus() );
+
+} ).setLayout( {
+	name: 'getScreenPositionFromClip',
+	type: 'vec2',
+	inputs: [
+		{ name: 'clipPosition', type: 'vec4' }
+	]
+} );
+
 /**
  * Computes a normal vector based on depth data. Can be used as a fallback when no normal render
  * target is available or if flat surface normals are required.
@@ -38930,7 +38914,7 @@ const backgroundRotation = /*@__PURE__*/ uniform( new Matrix4() ).setGroup( rend
 
 	const background = scene.background;
 
-	if ( background !== null && background.isTexture && background.mapping !== UVMapping ) {
+	if ( ( background !== null && background.isTexture && background.mapping !== UVMapping ) || ( scene.backgroundNode && scene.backgroundNode.isNode ) ) {
 
 		// note: since the matrix is orthonormal, we can use the more-efficient transpose() in lieu of invert()
 		_m1.makeRotationFromEuler( scene.backgroundRotation ).transpose();
@@ -48248,7 +48232,6 @@ var TSL = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
 	anisotropyB: anisotropyB,
 	anisotropyT: anisotropyT,
 	any: any,
-	append: append,
 	array: array,
 	asin: asin,
 	asinh: asinh,
@@ -48404,6 +48387,7 @@ var TSL = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
 	getParallaxCorrectNormal: getParallaxCorrectNormal,
 	getRoughness: getRoughness,
 	getScreenPosition: getScreenPosition,
+	getScreenPositionFromClip: getScreenPositionFromClip,
 	getShIrradianceAt: getShIrradianceAt,
 	getShadowMaterial: getShadowMaterial,
 	getShadowRenderObjectFunction: getShadowRenderObjectFunction,
@@ -48828,7 +48812,6 @@ var TSL = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
 	viewportLinearDepth: viewportLinearDepth,
 	viewportMipTexture: viewportMipTexture,
 	viewportOpaqueMipTexture: viewportOpaqueMipTexture,
-	viewportResolution: viewportResolution,
 	viewportSafeUV: viewportSafeUV,
 	viewportSharedTexture: viewportSharedTexture,
 	viewportSize: viewportSize,
@@ -61334,6 +61317,22 @@ class Renderer {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Resets the backend's internal state cache. Useful when the rendering context is shared with
+	 * other libraries that change the state. A no-op for the WebGPU backend.
+	 */
+	resetState() {
+
+		if ( this._initialized === false ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.Renderer: .resetState() called before the backend is initialized. Use "await renderer.init();" before using this method.' );
+
+		}
+
+		this.backend.resetState();
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the viewport definition.
 	 *
@@ -66756,6 +66755,13 @@ class Backend {
 	 */
 	setScissorTest( /*boolean*/ ) { }
 
+	/**
+	 * Resets the backend's internal state. A no-op for backends without a state cache (e.g. WebGPU).
+	 *
+	 * @abstract
+	 */
+	resetState() { }
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the clear color and alpha into a single
 	 * color object.
@@ -67299,6 +67305,8 @@ class WebGLState {
 		this.currentProgram = null;
 		this.currentBlendingEnabled = false;
 		this.currentBlending = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquation = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquationAlpha = null;
 		this.currentBlendSrc = null;
 		this.currentBlendDst = null;
 		this.currentBlendSrcAlpha = null;
@@ -68599,6 +68607,128 @@ class WebGLState {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Restores the WebGL state to its default and clears the cache so subsequent renderings
+	 * re-apply the required state. Useful when the WebGL context is shared with other libraries.
+	 */
+	reset() {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+
+		// reset WebGL state
+
+		gl.disable( gl.BLEND );
+		gl.disable( gl.CULL_FACE );
+		gl.disable( gl.DEPTH_TEST );
+		gl.disable( gl.POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL );
+		gl.disable( gl.SCISSOR_TEST );
+		gl.disable( gl.STENCIL_TEST );
+		gl.disable( gl.SAMPLE_ALPHA_TO_COVERAGE );
+
+		gl.blendEquation( gl.FUNC_ADD );
+		gl.blendFunc( gl.ONE, gl.ZERO );
+		gl.blendFuncSeparate( gl.ONE, gl.ZERO, gl.ONE, gl.ZERO );
+		gl.blendColor( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
+
+		gl.colorMask( true, true, true, true );
+		gl.clearColor( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
+
+		gl.depthMask( true );
+		gl.depthFunc( gl.LESS );
+		gl.clearDepth( 1 );
+
+		gl.stencilMask( 0xffffffff );
+		gl.stencilFunc( gl.ALWAYS, 0, 0xffffffff );
+		gl.stencilOp( gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP );
+		gl.clearStencil( 0 );
+
+		gl.cullFace( gl.BACK );
+		gl.frontFace( gl.CCW );
+
+		gl.polygonOffset( 0, 0 );
+
+		gl.activeTexture( gl.TEXTURE0 );
+
+		gl.bindFramebuffer( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+		gl.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+		gl.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+
+		gl.useProgram( null );
+
+		gl.lineWidth( 1 );
+
+		gl.scissor( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+		gl.viewport( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_ALIGNMENT, 4 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, false );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL, false );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_COLORSPACE_CONVERSION_WEBGL, gl.BROWSER_DEFAULT_WEBGL );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_SKIP_PIXELS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_SKIP_ROWS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, 0 );
+
+		this.resetVertexState();
+
+		// reset internal cache
+
+		this.enabled = {};
+		this.parameters = {};
+		this.currentFlipSided = null;
+		this.currentCullFace = null;
+		this.currentProgram = null;
+		this.currentBlendingEnabled = false;
+		this.currentBlending = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquation = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquationAlpha = null;
+		this.currentBlendSrc = null;
+		this.currentBlendDst = null;
+		this.currentBlendSrcAlpha = null;
+		this.currentBlendDstAlpha = null;
+		this.currentPremultipledAlpha = null;
+		this.currentPolygonOffsetFactor = null;
+		this.currentPolygonOffsetUnits = null;
+		this.currentColorMask = null;
+		this.currentDepthFunc = null;
+		this.currentDepthMask = null;
+		this.currentStencilFunc = null;
+		this.currentStencilRef = null;
+		this.currentStencilFuncMask = null;
+		this.currentStencilFail = null;
+		this.currentStencilZFail = null;
+		this.currentStencilZPass = null;
+		this.currentStencilMask = null;
+		this.currentLineWidth = null;
+		this.currentClippingPlanes = 0;
+
+		this.currentBoundFramebuffers = {};
+		this.currentDrawbuffers = new WeakMap();
+
+		this.currentTextureSlot = null;
+		this.currentBoundTextures = {};
+		this.currentBoundBufferBases = {};
+
+		this.currentScissor.set( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+		this.currentViewport.set( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+
+		// re-apply reversed depth if used by the renderer
+
+		this.currentDepthReversed = false;
+
+		if ( this.backend.renderer.reversedDepthBuffer === true ) {
+
+			this.setReversedDepth( true );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }
 
 /**
@@ -71809,6 +71939,15 @@ class WebGLBackend extends Backend {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Restores the WebGL state to its default and invalidates the internal state cache.
+	 */
+	resetState() {
+
+		this.state.reset();
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the clear color and alpha into a single
 	 * color object.
diff --git a/build/three.webgpu.nodes.js b/build/three.webgpu.nodes.js
index 23100dfbb9743c..4beb227f7618e2 100644
--- a/build/three.webgpu.nodes.js
+++ b/build/three.webgpu.nodes.js
@@ -4908,30 +4908,6 @@ const split = ( node, channels ) => new SplitNode( nodeObject( node ), channels
 addMethodChaining( 'element', element );
 addMethodChaining( 'convert', convert );
 
-// deprecated
-
-/**
- * @tsl
- * @function
- * @deprecated since r176. Use {@link Stack} instead.
- *
- * @param {Node} node - The node to add.
- * @returns {Function}
- */
-const append = ( node ) => { // @deprecated, r176
-
-	warn( 'TSL: append() has been renamed to Stack().', new StackTrace() );
-	return Stack( node );
-
-};
-
-addMethodChaining( 'append', ( node ) => { // @deprecated, r176
-
-	warn( 'TSL: .append() has been renamed to .toStack().', new StackTrace() );
-	return Stack( node );
-
-} );
-
 /**
  * This class represents a shader property. It can be used
  * to explicitly define a property and assign a value to it.
@@ -14170,19 +14146,6 @@ const viewportCoordinate = /*@__PURE__*/ screenCoordinate.sub( viewport.xy );
  */
 const viewportUV = /*@__PURE__*/ viewportCoordinate.div( viewportSize );
 
-// Deprecated
-
-/**
- * @deprecated since r169. Use {@link screenSize} instead.
- */
-const viewportResolution = /*@__PURE__*/ ( Fn( () => { // @deprecated, r169
-
-	warn( 'TSL: "viewportResolution" is deprecated. Use "screenSize" instead.', new StackTrace() );
-
-	return screenSize;
-
-}, 'vec2' ).once() )();
-
 // Cache node uniforms
 
 let _cameraProjectionMatrixBase = null;
@@ -15519,8 +15482,8 @@ const materialEnvIntensity = /*@__PURE__*/ uniform( 1 ).onReference( ( { materia
 
 /**
  * TSL object that represents the rotation of environment maps.
- * When `material.envMap` is set, the value is `material.envMapRotation`. `scene.environmentRotation` controls the
- * rotation of `scene.environment` instead.
+ * When `material.envMap` is set, the value is `material.envMapRotation`.
+ * `scene.environmentRotation` controls the rotation of `scene.environment` or `scene.environmentNode` instead.
  *
  * @tsl
  * @type {Node<mat4>}
@@ -15531,7 +15494,8 @@ const materialEnvRotation = /*@__PURE__*/ uniform( new Matrix4() ).onReference(
 
 } ).onObjectUpdate( function ( { material, scene } ) {
 
-	const rotation = ( scene.environment !== null && material.envMap === null ) ? scene.environmentRotation : material.envMapRotation;
+	const hasSceneEnvironment = ( scene.environment !== null ) || ( scene.environmentNode && scene.environmentNode.isNode );
+	const rotation = ( hasSceneEnvironment && material.envMap === null ) ? scene.environmentRotation : material.envMapRotation;
 
 	if ( rotation ) {
 
@@ -18302,26 +18266,26 @@ const _previousInstanceMatrices = /*@__PURE__*/ new WeakMap();
  *
  * @param {NodeBuilder} builder - The current node builder.
  * @param {InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} instanceMatrix - The matrix buffer attribute.
- * @param {number} count - The instance count.
  * @returns {Node} The matrix node.
  */
-function createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, instanceMatrix, count ) {
+function createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, instanceMatrix ) {
 
 	let instanceMatrixNode;
+	const matrixCount = Math.max( instanceMatrix.count, 1 );
 
 	const isStorageMatrix = instanceMatrix.isStorageInstancedBufferAttribute === true;
 
 	if ( isStorageMatrix ) {
 
-		instanceMatrixNode = storage( instanceMatrix, 'mat4', Math.max( count, 1 ) ).element( instanceIndex );
+		instanceMatrixNode = storage( instanceMatrix, 'mat4', matrixCount ).element( instanceIndex );
 
 	} else {
 
-		const uniformBufferSize = count * 16 * 4;
+		const uniformBufferSize = matrixCount * 16 * 4;
 
 		if ( uniformBufferSize <= builder.getUniformBufferLimit() ) {
 
-			instanceMatrixNode = buffer( instanceMatrix.array, 'mat4', Math.max( count, 1 ) ).element( instanceIndex );
+			instanceMatrixNode = buffer( instanceMatrix.array, 'mat4', matrixCount ).element( instanceIndex );
 
 		} else {
 
@@ -18360,10 +18324,9 @@ function createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, instanceMatrix, count ) {
  * @param {InstancedMesh} instancedMesh - The instanced mesh object.
  * @param {InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} instanceMatrix - The current matrix buffer attribute.
  * @param {NodeBuilder} builder - The current node builder.
- * @param {number} count - The instance count.
  * @returns {Node} The previous frame instance matrix node.
  */
-function getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, instanceMatrix, builder, count ) {
+function getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, instanceMatrix, builder ) {
 
 	let data = _previousInstanceMatrices.get( instancedMesh );
 
@@ -18373,7 +18336,7 @@ function getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, instanceMatrix, builder, count ) {
 
 		data = {
 			previousInstanceMatrix,
-			node: createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, previousInstanceMatrix, count )
+			node: createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, previousInstanceMatrix )
 		};
 
 		_previousInstanceMatrices.set( instancedMesh, data );
@@ -18397,26 +18360,22 @@ const instanceColor = /*@__PURE__*/ varyingProperty( 'vec3', 'vInstanceColor' );
  *
  * @tsl
  * @function
- * @param {number} count - The instance count.
  * @param {InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} matrices - The instanced transformation matrices.
  * @param {?InstancedBufferAttribute|StorageInstancedBufferAttribute} [colors=null] - The optional instanced colors.
  */
-const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ count, matrices, colors = null ], builder ) => {
-
-	// get numeric value (non-node)
-	count = count.value;
+const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ matrices, colors = null ], builder ) => {
 
 	const isStorageMatrix = matrices.isStorageInstancedBufferAttribute === true;
 	const isStorageColor = colors && colors.isStorageInstancedBufferAttribute === true;
 
-	const instanceMatrixNode = createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, matrices, count );
+	const instanceMatrixNode = createInstanceMatrixNode( builder, matrices );
 
 	// interleaved buffer tracking for matrix
 	let interleavedMatrix = null;
 
 	if ( ! isStorageMatrix ) {
 
-		const uniformBufferSize = count * 16 * 4;
+		const uniformBufferSize = Math.max( matrices.count, 1 ) * 16 * 4;
 
 		if ( uniformBufferSize > builder.getUniformBufferLimit() ) {
 
@@ -18508,7 +18467,7 @@ const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ count, matrices, colors = null ], builder
 
 		} );
 
-		const previousInstanceMatrixNode = getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, matrices, builder, count );
+		const previousInstanceMatrixNode = getPreviousInstance( instancedMesh, matrices, builder );
 		positionPrevious.assign( previousInstanceMatrixNode.mul( positionPrevious ).xyz );
 
 	}
@@ -18541,9 +18500,9 @@ const instance = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ count, matrices, colors = null ], builder
  */
 const instancedMesh = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ instancedMesh ] ) => {
 
-	const { count, instanceMatrix, instanceColor } = instancedMesh;
+	const { instanceMatrix, instanceColor } = instancedMesh;
 
-	instance( count, instanceMatrix, instanceColor );
+	instance( instanceMatrix, instanceColor );
 
 }, 'void' );
 
@@ -27221,7 +27180,7 @@ class PMREMNode extends TempNode {
 		// PMREMGenerator renders into a render target with inverted Y, so its output needs the Y
 		// flip on sampling. Externally authored PMREMs follow the standard convention and don't.
 
-		uvNode = this._pmrem.isRenderTargetTexture
+		uvNode = this._pmrem === null || this._pmrem.isRenderTargetTexture
 			? materialEnvRotation.mul( vec3( uvNode.x, uvNode.y.negate(), uvNode.z ) )
 			: materialEnvRotation.mul( uvNode );
 
@@ -29221,9 +29180,9 @@ class VolumetricLightingModel extends LightingModel {
 
 	direct( { lightNode, lightColor }, builder ) {
 
-		// Ignore lights with infinite distance
+		// Ignore non-analytical lights and lights with infinite distance
 
-		if ( lightNode.light.distance === undefined ) return;
+		if ( lightNode.isAnalyticLightNode !== true || lightNode.light.distance === undefined ) return;
 
 		// TODO: We need a viewportOpaque*() ( output, depth ) to fit with modern rendering approaches
 
@@ -36054,6 +36013,10 @@ class MRTNode extends OutputStructNode {
 		for ( const name in outputNodes ) {
 
 			const index = getTextureIndex( textures, name );
+
+			// Ignore if the output exists in the MRT but has never been used.
+			if ( index === -1 ) continue;
+
 			const type = builder.getOutputType( index );
 
 			members[ index ] = outputNodes[ name ].convert( type );
@@ -38516,6 +38479,27 @@ const getScreenPosition = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ viewPosition, projectionMatrix ]
 
 } );
 
+/**
+ * Converts a clip-space position into a screen position expressed as uv coordinates.
+ *
+ * @tsl
+ * @function
+ * @param {Node<vec4>} clipPosition - The position in clip space.
+ * @return {Node<vec2>} The screen position expressed as uv coordinates.
+ */
+const getScreenPositionFromClip = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ clipPosition ] ) => {
+
+	const screen = clipPosition.xy.div( clipPosition.w ).mul( 0.5 ).add( 0.5 ).toVar();
+	return vec2( screen.x, screen.y.oneMinus() );
+
+} ).setLayout( {
+	name: 'getScreenPositionFromClip',
+	type: 'vec2',
+	inputs: [
+		{ name: 'clipPosition', type: 'vec4' }
+	]
+} );
+
 /**
  * Computes a normal vector based on depth data. Can be used as a fallback when no normal render
  * target is available or if flat surface normals are required.
@@ -38930,7 +38914,7 @@ const backgroundRotation = /*@__PURE__*/ uniform( new Matrix4() ).setGroup( rend
 
 	const background = scene.background;
 
-	if ( background !== null && background.isTexture && background.mapping !== UVMapping ) {
+	if ( ( background !== null && background.isTexture && background.mapping !== UVMapping ) || ( scene.backgroundNode && scene.backgroundNode.isNode ) ) {
 
 		// note: since the matrix is orthonormal, we can use the more-efficient transpose() in lieu of invert()
 		_m1.makeRotationFromEuler( scene.backgroundRotation ).transpose();
@@ -48248,7 +48232,6 @@ var TSL = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
 	anisotropyB: anisotropyB,
 	anisotropyT: anisotropyT,
 	any: any,
-	append: append,
 	array: array,
 	asin: asin,
 	asinh: asinh,
@@ -48404,6 +48387,7 @@ var TSL = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
 	getParallaxCorrectNormal: getParallaxCorrectNormal,
 	getRoughness: getRoughness,
 	getScreenPosition: getScreenPosition,
+	getScreenPositionFromClip: getScreenPositionFromClip,
 	getShIrradianceAt: getShIrradianceAt,
 	getShadowMaterial: getShadowMaterial,
 	getShadowRenderObjectFunction: getShadowRenderObjectFunction,
@@ -48828,7 +48812,6 @@ var TSL = /*#__PURE__*/Object.freeze({
 	viewportLinearDepth: viewportLinearDepth,
 	viewportMipTexture: viewportMipTexture,
 	viewportOpaqueMipTexture: viewportOpaqueMipTexture,
-	viewportResolution: viewportResolution,
 	viewportSafeUV: viewportSafeUV,
 	viewportSharedTexture: viewportSharedTexture,
 	viewportSize: viewportSize,
@@ -61334,6 +61317,22 @@ class Renderer {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Resets the backend's internal state cache. Useful when the rendering context is shared with
+	 * other libraries that change the state. A no-op for the WebGPU backend.
+	 */
+	resetState() {
+
+		if ( this._initialized === false ) {
+
+			throw new Error( 'THREE.Renderer: .resetState() called before the backend is initialized. Use "await renderer.init();" before using this method.' );
+
+		}
+
+		this.backend.resetState();
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the viewport definition.
 	 *
@@ -66756,6 +66755,13 @@ class Backend {
 	 */
 	setScissorTest( /*boolean*/ ) { }
 
+	/**
+	 * Resets the backend's internal state. A no-op for backends without a state cache (e.g. WebGPU).
+	 *
+	 * @abstract
+	 */
+	resetState() { }
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the clear color and alpha into a single
 	 * color object.
@@ -67299,6 +67305,8 @@ class WebGLState {
 		this.currentProgram = null;
 		this.currentBlendingEnabled = false;
 		this.currentBlending = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquation = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquationAlpha = null;
 		this.currentBlendSrc = null;
 		this.currentBlendDst = null;
 		this.currentBlendSrcAlpha = null;
@@ -68599,6 +68607,128 @@ class WebGLState {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Restores the WebGL state to its default and clears the cache so subsequent renderings
+	 * re-apply the required state. Useful when the WebGL context is shared with other libraries.
+	 */
+	reset() {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+
+		// reset WebGL state
+
+		gl.disable( gl.BLEND );
+		gl.disable( gl.CULL_FACE );
+		gl.disable( gl.DEPTH_TEST );
+		gl.disable( gl.POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL );
+		gl.disable( gl.SCISSOR_TEST );
+		gl.disable( gl.STENCIL_TEST );
+		gl.disable( gl.SAMPLE_ALPHA_TO_COVERAGE );
+
+		gl.blendEquation( gl.FUNC_ADD );
+		gl.blendFunc( gl.ONE, gl.ZERO );
+		gl.blendFuncSeparate( gl.ONE, gl.ZERO, gl.ONE, gl.ZERO );
+		gl.blendColor( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
+
+		gl.colorMask( true, true, true, true );
+		gl.clearColor( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
+
+		gl.depthMask( true );
+		gl.depthFunc( gl.LESS );
+		gl.clearDepth( 1 );
+
+		gl.stencilMask( 0xffffffff );
+		gl.stencilFunc( gl.ALWAYS, 0, 0xffffffff );
+		gl.stencilOp( gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP, gl.KEEP );
+		gl.clearStencil( 0 );
+
+		gl.cullFace( gl.BACK );
+		gl.frontFace( gl.CCW );
+
+		gl.polygonOffset( 0, 0 );
+
+		gl.activeTexture( gl.TEXTURE0 );
+
+		gl.bindFramebuffer( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+		gl.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+		gl.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+
+		gl.useProgram( null );
+
+		gl.lineWidth( 1 );
+
+		gl.scissor( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+		gl.viewport( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_ALIGNMENT, 4 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, false );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL, false );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_COLORSPACE_CONVERSION_WEBGL, gl.BROWSER_DEFAULT_WEBGL );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_SKIP_PIXELS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_SKIP_ROWS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, 0 );
+		gl.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, 0 );
+
+		this.resetVertexState();
+
+		// reset internal cache
+
+		this.enabled = {};
+		this.parameters = {};
+		this.currentFlipSided = null;
+		this.currentCullFace = null;
+		this.currentProgram = null;
+		this.currentBlendingEnabled = false;
+		this.currentBlending = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquation = null;
+		this.currentBlendEquationAlpha = null;
+		this.currentBlendSrc = null;
+		this.currentBlendDst = null;
+		this.currentBlendSrcAlpha = null;
+		this.currentBlendDstAlpha = null;
+		this.currentPremultipledAlpha = null;
+		this.currentPolygonOffsetFactor = null;
+		this.currentPolygonOffsetUnits = null;
+		this.currentColorMask = null;
+		this.currentDepthFunc = null;
+		this.currentDepthMask = null;
+		this.currentStencilFunc = null;
+		this.currentStencilRef = null;
+		this.currentStencilFuncMask = null;
+		this.currentStencilFail = null;
+		this.currentStencilZFail = null;
+		this.currentStencilZPass = null;
+		this.currentStencilMask = null;
+		this.currentLineWidth = null;
+		this.currentClippingPlanes = 0;
+
+		this.currentBoundFramebuffers = {};
+		this.currentDrawbuffers = new WeakMap();
+
+		this.currentTextureSlot = null;
+		this.currentBoundTextures = {};
+		this.currentBoundBufferBases = {};
+
+		this.currentScissor.set( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+		this.currentViewport.set( 0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height );
+
+		// re-apply reversed depth if used by the renderer
+
+		this.currentDepthReversed = false;
+
+		if ( this.backend.renderer.reversedDepthBuffer === true ) {
+
+			this.setReversedDepth( true );
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }
 
 /**
@@ -71809,6 +71939,15 @@ class WebGLBackend extends Backend {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Restores the WebGL state to its default and invalidates the internal state cache.
+	 */
+	resetState() {
+
+		this.state.reset();
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the clear color and alpha into a single
 	 * color object.
diff --git a/examples/jsm/tsl/display/GTAONode.js b/examples/jsm/tsl/display/GTAONode.js
index b37941ed68b5f4..9d53ead4f37b5e 100644
--- a/examples/jsm/tsl/display/GTAONode.js
+++ b/examples/jsm/tsl/display/GTAONode.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { DataTexture, RenderTarget, RepeatWrapping, Vector2, Vector3, TempNode, QuadMesh, NodeMaterial, RendererUtils, RedFormat } from 'three/webgpu';
-import { reference, logarithmicDepthToViewZ, viewZToPerspectiveDepth, getNormalFromDepth, getScreenPosition, getViewPosition, nodeObject, Fn, float, NodeUpdateType, uv, uniform, Loop, vec2, vec3, int, dot, max, pow, abs, If, textureSize, sin, cos, PI, texture, passTexture, mat3, add, normalize, cross, mix, acos, clamp, interleavedGradientNoise, screenCoordinate, fract, rand } from 'three/tsl';
+import { reference, logarithmicDepthToViewZ, viewZToPerspectiveDepth, getNormalFromDepth, getViewPosition, getScreenPositionFromClip, nodeObject, Fn, float, NodeUpdateType, uv, uniform, Loop, vec2, vec3, vec4, int, dot, max, min, pow, abs, If, textureSize, sin, cos, PI, texture, passTexture, mat3, add, normalize, cross, mix, acos, clamp, interleavedGradientNoise, screenCoordinate, rand } from 'three/tsl';
 
 const _quadMesh = /*@__PURE__*/ new QuadMesh();
 const _size = /*@__PURE__*/ new Vector2();
@@ -369,7 +369,9 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 			const viewPosition = getViewPosition( uvNode, depth, this._cameraProjectionMatrixInverse ).toVar();
 			const viewNormal = sampleNormal( uvNode ).toVar();
 
-			const radiusToUse = this.radius;
+			const radius = this.radius;
+			const viewDir = normalize( viewPosition.xyz.negate() ).toVar();
+			const clipPosition = this._cameraProjectionMatrix.mul( vec4( viewPosition, 1.0 ) ).toVar();
 
 			const noiseResolution = textureSize( this._noiseNode, 0 );
 			let noiseUv = vec2( uvNode.x, uvNode.y.oneMinus() );
@@ -390,15 +392,14 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 
 			// Per-step phase jitter for spatio-temporal decorrelation.
 			const noiseJitterIdx = this._temporalDirection.mul( 0.02 );
-			const stepJitter = fract( interleavedGradientNoise( screenCoordinate.add( this._temporalOffset ) ) ).add( rand( uvNode.add( noiseJitterIdx ).mul( 2 ).sub( 1 ) ) );
+			const stepJitter = interleavedGradientNoise( screenCoordinate.add( this._temporalOffset ) ).add( rand( uvNode.add( noiseJitterIdx ).mul( 2 ).sub( 1 ) ) );
 
 			Loop( { start: int( 0 ), end: DIRECTIONS, type: 'int', condition: '<' }, ( { i } ) => {
 
 				const angle = float( i ).div( float( DIRECTIONS ) ).mul( PI ).add( this._temporalDirection ).toVar();
-				const sampleDir = vec3( cos( angle ), sin( angle ), 0 ).toVar();
-				sampleDir.assign( normalize( kernelMatrix.mul( sampleDir ) ) );
+				const sampleDir = kernelMatrix.mul( vec3( cos( angle ), sin( angle ), 0 ) ).toVar();
+				const clipDirRadius = this._cameraProjectionMatrix.mul( vec4( sampleDir, 0.0 ) ).mul( radius ).toVar();
 
-				const viewDir = normalize( viewPosition.xyz.negate() ).toVar();
 				const sliceBitangent = normalize( cross( sampleDir, viewDir ) ).toVar();
 				const sliceTangent = cross( sliceBitangent, viewDir ).toVar();
 
@@ -416,7 +417,8 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 				const angleN = signNSin.mul( acos( nCos ) ).toVar();
 
 				const tangentToNormalInSlice = cross( projN, sliceBitangent ).toVar();
-				const cosHorizons = vec2( dot( viewDir, tangentToNormalInSlice ), dot( viewDir, tangentToNormalInSlice.negate() ) ).toVar();
+				const cosHorizon = dot( viewDir, tangentToNormalInSlice ).toVar();
+				const cosHorizons = vec2( cosHorizon, cosHorizon.negate() ).toVar();
 
 				// For each slice, the inner loop performs ray marching to find the horizons.
 
@@ -426,13 +428,13 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 					// near-field. (Blender's Eevee adaptation)
 					const t = float( j ).add( 1.0 ).add( stepJitter ).div( STEPS ).toVar();
 					const sampleDist = t.mul( t );
-					const sampleViewOffset = sampleDir.mul( radiusToUse ).mul( sampleDist );
+					const clipOffset = clipDirRadius.mul( sampleDist ).toVar();
 
 					// The loop marches in two opposite directions (x and y) along the slice's line to find the horizon on both sides.
 
 					// x
 
-					const sampleScreenPositionX = getScreenPosition( viewPosition.add( sampleViewOffset ), this._cameraProjectionMatrix ).toVar();
+					const sampleScreenPositionX = getScreenPositionFromClip( clipPosition.add( clipOffset ) ).toVar();
 					const sampleDepthX = sampleDepth( sampleScreenPositionX ).toVar();
 					const sampleSceneViewPositionX = getViewPosition( sampleScreenPositionX, sampleDepthX, this._cameraProjectionMatrixInverse ).toVar();
 					const viewDeltaX = sampleSceneViewPositionX.sub( viewPosition ).toVar();
@@ -445,7 +447,7 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 					// back toward the prior horizon as it approaches the radius boundary.
 					// (squared variant of the paper's near-field attenuation;
 					// Activision GTAO paper, Section 4.3 "Bounding the sampling area")
-					const distFacX = clamp( lenX.div( radiusToUse ), 0, 1 );
+					const distFacX = min( lenX.div( radius ), 1 );
 					const distFacSqX = distFacX.mul( distFacX );
 
 					If( abs( viewDeltaX.z ).lessThan( this.thickness ), () => {
@@ -456,7 +458,7 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 
 					// y
 
-					const sampleScreenPositionY = getScreenPosition( viewPosition.sub( sampleViewOffset ), this._cameraProjectionMatrix ).toVar();
+					const sampleScreenPositionY = getScreenPositionFromClip( clipPosition.sub( clipOffset ) ).toVar();
 					const sampleDepthY = sampleDepth( sampleScreenPositionY ).toVar();
 					const sampleSceneViewPositionY = getViewPosition( sampleScreenPositionY, sampleDepthY, this._cameraProjectionMatrixInverse ).toVar();
 					const viewDeltaY = sampleSceneViewPositionY.sub( viewPosition ).toVar();
@@ -464,7 +466,7 @@ class GTAONode extends TempNode {
 
 					const sHY = dot( viewDir, viewDeltaY.div( max( lenY, float( 0.0001 ) ) ) );
 
-					const distFacY = clamp( lenY.div( radiusToUse ), 0, 1 );
+					const distFacY = min( lenY.div( radius ), 1 );
 					const distFacSqY = distFacY.mul( distFacY );
 
 					If( abs( viewDeltaY.z ).lessThan( this.thickness ), () => {
diff --git a/examples/webgpu_tsl_editor.html b/examples/webgpu_tsl_editor.html
index ba820dcaaaea3c..535445ce94caca 100644
--- a/examples/webgpu_tsl_editor.html
+++ b/examples/webgpu_tsl_editor.html
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
 				const renderer = new THREE.WebGPURenderer( { antialias: true } );
 				renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
 				renderer.setSize( 200, 200 );
+				renderer.debug.diagnostics.keywords = true;
 				rendererDOM.appendChild( renderer.domElement );
 
 				const material = new THREE.NodeMaterial();
@@ -169,6 +170,7 @@
 					};
 
 					const webGLRenderer = new THREE.WebGPURenderer( { forceWebGL: true } );
+					webGLRenderer.debug.diagnostics.keywords = true;
 
 					const build = async () => {
 
diff --git a/src/Three.TSL.js b/src/Three.TSL.js
index f1d0d6456b055d..a6ca7a5b66a108 100644
--- a/src/Three.TSL.js
+++ b/src/Three.TSL.js
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@ export const vogelDiskSample = TSL.vogelDiskSample;
 export const getParallaxCorrectNormal = TSL.getParallaxCorrectNormal;
 export const getRoughness = TSL.getRoughness;
 export const getScreenPosition = TSL.getScreenPosition;
+export const getScreenPositionFromClip = TSL.getScreenPositionFromClip;
 export const getShIrradianceAt = TSL.getShIrradianceAt;
 export const getShadowMaterial = TSL.getShadowMaterial;
 export const getShadowRenderObjectFunction = TSL.getShadowRenderObjectFunction;
diff --git a/src/nodes/code/FunctionNode.js b/src/nodes/code/FunctionNode.js
index 3914f3e9a4efeb..6598431f58a898 100644
--- a/src/nodes/code/FunctionNode.js
+++ b/src/nodes/code/FunctionNode.js
@@ -126,9 +126,19 @@ class FunctionNode extends CodeNode {
 
 		if ( name !== '' ) {
 
-			// use a custom property name
+			const nodeData = builder.getDataFromNode( this );
 
-			nodeCode.name = name;
+			if ( nodeData.declarationRegistered !== true ) {
+
+				// use a custom property name
+
+				nodeCode.name = name;
+
+				builder.registerDeclaration( nodeCode );
+
+				nodeData.declarationRegistered = true;
+
+			}
 
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/nodes/core/NodeBuilder.js b/src/nodes/core/NodeBuilder.js
index be00b81ef36e1a..50ef6dafef541c 100644
--- a/src/nodes/core/NodeBuilder.js
+++ b/src/nodes/core/NodeBuilder.js
@@ -1542,6 +1542,20 @@ class NodeBuilder {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether the given name is a reserved keyword of the backend's
+	 * shading language. Backends override this method to provide their
+	 * language-specific keywords.
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} name - The name to test.
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the name is a reserved keyword or not.
+	 */
+	isReservedKeyword( /* name */ ) {
+
+		return false;
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether the given type is a vector type or not.
 	 *
@@ -2267,6 +2281,7 @@ class NodeBuilder {
 
 		const shaderStage = this.shaderStage;
 		const declarations = this.declarations[ shaderStage ] || ( this.declarations[ shaderStage ] = {} );
+		const checkKeywords = this.renderer.debug.diagnostics.keywords;
 
 		const baseName = node.name;
 
@@ -2274,9 +2289,9 @@ class NodeBuilder {
 		let property = this.getPropertyName( node );
 		let index = 1;
 
-		// Automatically renames the property if the name is already in use.
+		// Automatically renames the property if the name is already in use or reserved.
 
-		while ( declarations[ property ] !== undefined ) {
+		while ( ( checkKeywords && this.isReservedKeyword( name ) ) || declarations[ property ] !== undefined ) {
 
 			name = baseName + '_' + index ++;
 			node.name = name;
@@ -2286,7 +2301,7 @@ class NodeBuilder {
 
 		if ( name !== baseName ) {
 
-			warn( `TSL: Declaration name '${ baseName }' of '${ node.type }' already in use. Renamed to '${ name }'.` );
+			warn( `TSL: Declaration name '${ baseName }' of '${ node.type }' is a reserved keyword or already in use. Renamed to '${ name }'.` );
 
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/nodes/utils/PostProcessingUtils.js b/src/nodes/utils/PostProcessingUtils.js
index ac731929191351..823c8d27ea15ed 100644
--- a/src/nodes/utils/PostProcessingUtils.js
+++ b/src/nodes/utils/PostProcessingUtils.js
@@ -54,6 +54,27 @@ export const getScreenPosition = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ viewPosition, projectionM
 
 } );
 
+/**
+ * Converts a clip-space position into a screen position expressed as uv coordinates.
+ *
+ * @tsl
+ * @function
+ * @param {Node<vec4>} clipPosition - The position in clip space.
+ * @return {Node<vec2>} The screen position expressed as uv coordinates.
+ */
+export const getScreenPositionFromClip = /*@__PURE__*/ Fn( ( [ clipPosition ] ) => {
+
+	const screen = clipPosition.xy.div( clipPosition.w ).mul( 0.5 ).add( 0.5 ).toVar();
+	return vec2( screen.x, screen.y.oneMinus() );
+
+} ).setLayout( {
+	name: 'getScreenPositionFromClip',
+	type: 'vec2',
+	inputs: [
+		{ name: 'clipPosition', type: 'vec4' }
+	]
+} );
+
 /**
  * Computes a normal vector based on depth data. Can be used as a fallback when no normal render
  * target is available or if flat surface normals are required.
diff --git a/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js b/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js
index cc2f156939863f..dfc294b8c207f9 100644
--- a/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js
+++ b/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js
@@ -180,6 +180,14 @@ class WebGLRenderer {
 			 * @type {boolean}
 			 */
 			checkShaderErrors: true,
+			/**
+			 * Diagnostics configuration for the shader generation. Only relevant for TSL.
+			 * @type {Object}
+			 * @property {boolean} keywords - Whether declaration names that collide with reserved keywords of the shading language should be renamed or not.
+			 */
+			diagnostics: {
+				keywords: false
+			},
 			/**
 			 * Callback for custom error reporting.
 			 * @type {?Function}
diff --git a/src/renderers/common/Renderer.js b/src/renderers/common/Renderer.js
index 41f9ab0c87198c..a65cd1342b0673 100644
--- a/src/renderers/common/Renderer.js
+++ b/src/renderers/common/Renderer.js
@@ -723,6 +723,8 @@ class Renderer {
 		 * Debug configuration.
 		 * @typedef {Object} DebugConfig
 		 * @property {boolean} checkShaderErrors - Whether shader errors should be checked or not.
+		 * @property {Object} diagnostics - Diagnostics configuration for the shader generation.
+		 * @property {boolean} diagnostics.keywords - Whether declaration names that collide with reserved keywords should be renamed or not.
 		 * @property {?Function} onShaderError - A callback function that is executed when a shader error happens. Only supported with WebGL 2 right now.
 		 * @property {Function} getShaderAsync - Allows the get the raw shader code for the given scene, camera and 3D object.
 		 */
@@ -734,6 +736,9 @@ class Renderer {
 		 */
 		this.debug = {
 			checkShaderErrors: true,
+			diagnostics: {
+				keywords: false
+			},
 			onShaderError: null,
 			getShaderAsync: async ( scene, camera, object ) => {
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/webgl-fallback/nodes/GLSLNodeBuilder.js b/src/renderers/webgl-fallback/nodes/GLSLNodeBuilder.js
index e35c9dc8ae3ba1..fda792306f2533 100644
--- a/src/renderers/webgl-fallback/nodes/GLSLNodeBuilder.js
+++ b/src/renderers/webgl-fallback/nodes/GLSLNodeBuilder.js
@@ -134,6 +134,30 @@ precision highp sampler2DArrayShadow;
 precision highp samplerCubeShadow;
 `;
 
+const glslReservedKeywords = new Set( [
+	// keywords
+	'const', 'uniform', 'buffer', 'shared', 'attribute', 'varying', 'coherent', 'volatile', 'restrict',
+	'readonly', 'writeonly', 'atomic_uint', 'layout', 'centroid', 'flat', 'smooth', 'noperspective',
+	'patch', 'sample', 'invariant', 'precise', 'break', 'continue', 'do', 'for', 'while', 'switch',
+	'case', 'default', 'if', 'else', 'subroutine', 'in', 'out', 'inout', 'int', 'void', 'bool', 'true',
+	'false', 'float', 'double', 'discard', 'return', 'vec2', 'vec3', 'vec4', 'ivec2', 'ivec3', 'ivec4',
+	'bvec2', 'bvec3', 'bvec4', 'uint', 'uvec2', 'uvec3', 'uvec4', 'dvec2', 'dvec3', 'dvec4', 'mat2',
+	'mat3', 'mat4', 'mat2x2', 'mat2x3', 'mat2x4', 'mat3x2', 'mat3x3', 'mat3x4', 'mat4x2', 'mat4x3',
+	'mat4x4', 'dmat2', 'dmat3', 'dmat4', 'dmat2x2', 'dmat2x3', 'dmat2x4', 'dmat3x2', 'dmat3x3',
+	'dmat3x4', 'dmat4x2', 'dmat4x3', 'dmat4x4', 'lowp', 'mediump', 'highp', 'precision', 'sampler2D',
+	'sampler3D', 'samplerCube', 'sampler2DShadow', 'samplerCubeShadow', 'sampler2DArray',
+	'sampler2DArrayShadow', 'isampler2D', 'isampler3D', 'isamplerCube', 'isampler2DArray', 'usampler2D',
+	'usampler3D', 'usamplerCube', 'usampler2DArray', 'struct',
+	// reserved for future use
+	'common', 'partition', 'active', 'asm', 'class', 'union', 'enum', 'typedef', 'template', 'this',
+	'resource', 'goto', 'inline', 'noinline', 'public', 'static', 'extern', 'external', 'interface',
+	'long', 'short', 'half', 'fixed', 'unsigned', 'superp', 'input', 'output', 'hvec2', 'hvec3',
+	'hvec4', 'fvec2', 'fvec3', 'fvec4', 'sampler3DRect', 'filter', 'sizeof', 'cast', 'namespace',
+	'using',
+	// generated entry points
+	'main'
+] );
+
 /**
  * A node builder targeting GLSL.
  *
@@ -428,6 +452,18 @@ ${ flowData.code }
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether the given name is a reserved keyword of GLSL.
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} name - The name to test.
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the name is a reserved keyword or not.
+	 */
+	isReservedKeyword( name ) {
+
+		return glslReservedKeywords.has( name );
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Setups the Pixel Buffer Object (PBO) for the given storage
 	 * buffer node.
diff --git a/src/renderers/webgpu/nodes/WGSLNodeBuilder.js b/src/renderers/webgpu/nodes/WGSLNodeBuilder.js
index be07536301cd47..2ee436fee8e160 100644
--- a/src/renderers/webgpu/nodes/WGSLNodeBuilder.js
+++ b/src/renderers/webgpu/nodes/WGSLNodeBuilder.js
@@ -240,6 +240,35 @@ const wgslMethods = {
 	floatunpack_float16_2x16: 'unpack2x16float'
 };
 
+// See: https://www.w3.org/TR/WGSL/#keyword-summary and #reserved-words-section
+
+const wgslReservedKeywords = new Set( [
+	// keywords
+	'alias', 'break', 'case', 'const', 'const_assert', 'continue', 'continuing', 'default', 'diagnostic',
+	'discard', 'else', 'enable', 'false', 'fn', 'for', 'if', 'let', 'loop', 'override', 'requires',
+	'return', 'struct', 'switch', 'true', 'var', 'while',
+	// reserved words
+	'NULL', 'Self', 'abstract', 'active', 'alignas', 'alignof', 'as', 'asm', 'asm_fragment', 'async',
+	'attribute', 'auto', 'await', 'become', 'binding_array', 'cast', 'catch', 'class', 'co_await',
+	'co_return', 'co_yield', 'coherent', 'column_major', 'common', 'compile', 'compile_fragment',
+	'concept', 'const_cast', 'consteval', 'constexpr', 'constinit', 'crate', 'debugger', 'decltype',
+	'delete', 'demote', 'demote_to_helper', 'do', 'dynamic_cast', 'enum', 'explicit', 'export',
+	'extends', 'extern', 'external', 'fallthrough', 'filter', 'final', 'finally', 'friend', 'from',
+	'fxgroup', 'get', 'goto', 'groupshared', 'highp', 'impl', 'implements', 'import', 'inline',
+	'instanceof', 'interface', 'layout', 'lowp', 'macro', 'macro_rules', 'match', 'mediump', 'meta',
+	'mod', 'module', 'move', 'mut', 'mutable', 'namespace', 'new', 'nil', 'noexcept', 'noinline',
+	'nointerpolation', 'non_coherent', 'noncoherent', 'noperspective', 'null', 'nullptr', 'of',
+	'operator', 'package', 'packoffset', 'partition', 'pass', 'patch', 'pixelfragment', 'precise',
+	'precision', 'premerge', 'priv', 'protected', 'pub', 'public', 'readonly', 'ref', 'regardless',
+	'register', 'reinterpret_cast', 'require', 'resource', 'restrict', 'self', 'set', 'shared',
+	'sizeof', 'smooth', 'snorm', 'static', 'static_assert', 'static_cast', 'std', 'subroutine',
+	'super', 'target', 'template', 'this', 'thread_local', 'throw', 'trait', 'try', 'type', 'typedef',
+	'typeid', 'typename', 'typeof', 'union', 'unless', 'unorm', 'unsafe', 'unsized', 'use', 'using',
+	'varying', 'virtual', 'volatile', 'wgsl', 'where', 'with', 'writeonly', 'yield',
+	// generated entry points
+	'main'
+] );
+
 //
 
 let diagnostics = '';
@@ -1148,6 +1177,18 @@ class WGSLNodeBuilder extends NodeBuilder {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether the given name is a reserved keyword of WGSL.
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} name - The name to test.
+	 * @return {boolean} Whether the name is a reserved keyword or not.
+	 */
+	isReservedKeyword( name ) {
+
+		return wgslReservedKeywords.has( name );
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the output struct name.
 	 *