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ENH: Add tail risk diagnostics to ARCHModelResult (Hill estimator, excess kurtosis) #845

Description

@samanvirajput

Motivation

When fitting GARCH models to financial returns, practitioners routinely need to
assess whether standardized residuals exhibit fat tails. Currently arch provides
no built-in diagnostics for this — users must manually extract std_resid and
compute these statistics themselves.

Discovered this gap while computing GARCH residual diagnostics for research on
fat-tail properties of Indian equity markets:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20573035

Proposed additions to ARCHModelResult

  1. excess_kurtosis — sample excess kurtosis of standardized residuals
  2. hill_estimator(k=None) — Hill (1975) tail index estimator ν̂,
    default k = int(sqrt(n)) upper order statistics
  3. var_ratio(level=0.999) — ratio of Gaussian VaR to model-distribution
    VaR, quantifies underestimation from normality assumption

Would you welcome a PR for this?

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