diff --git a/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/parser/mod.rs
index f1ce1522b4..a14b902e5a 100644
--- a/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -204,6 +204,12 @@ const EOF_TOKEN: TokenWithSpan = TokenWithSpan {
     },
 };
 
+struct ReferenceClauses {
+    match_kind: Option<ConstraintReferenceMatchKind>,
+    on_delete: Option<ReferentialAction>,
+    on_update: Option<ReferentialAction>,
+}
+
 /// Composite types declarations using angle brackets syntax can be arbitrary
 /// nested such that the following declaration is possible:
 ///      `ARRAY<ARRAY<INT>>`
@@ -10182,24 +10188,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             // PostgreSQL allows omitting the column list and
             // uses the primary key column of the foreign table by default
             let referred_columns = self.parse_parenthesized_column_list(Optional, false)?;
-            let mut match_kind = None;
-            let mut on_delete = None;
-            let mut on_update = None;
-            loop {
-                if match_kind.is_none() && self.parse_keyword(Keyword::MATCH) {
-                    match_kind = Some(self.parse_match_kind()?);
-                } else if on_delete.is_none()
-                    && self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::ON, Keyword::DELETE])
-                {
-                    on_delete = Some(self.parse_referential_action()?);
-                } else if on_update.is_none()
-                    && self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::ON, Keyword::UPDATE])
-                {
-                    on_update = Some(self.parse_referential_action()?);
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
+            let ReferenceClauses {
+                match_kind,
+                on_delete,
+                on_update,
+            } = self.parse_reference_clauses()?;
             let characteristics = self.parse_constraint_characteristics()?;
 
             Ok(Some(
@@ -10462,6 +10455,29 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         Ok(clustered_by)
     }
 
+    /// Parse optional `MATCH`, `ON DELETE`, and `ON UPDATE` reference clauses.
+    fn parse_reference_clauses(&mut self) -> Result<ReferenceClauses, ParserError> {
+        let mut match_kind = None;
+        let mut on_delete = None;
+        let mut on_update = None;
+        loop {
+            if match_kind.is_none() && self.parse_keyword(Keyword::MATCH) {
+                match_kind = Some(self.parse_match_kind()?);
+            } else if on_delete.is_none() && self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::ON, Keyword::DELETE]) {
+                on_delete = Some(self.parse_referential_action()?);
+            } else if on_update.is_none() && self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::ON, Keyword::UPDATE]) {
+                on_update = Some(self.parse_referential_action()?);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(ReferenceClauses {
+            match_kind,
+            on_delete,
+            on_update,
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Parse a referential action used in foreign key clauses.
     ///
     /// Recognized forms: `RESTRICT`, `CASCADE`, `SET NULL`, `NO ACTION`, `SET DEFAULT`.
@@ -10659,24 +10675,11 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 self.expect_keyword_is(Keyword::REFERENCES)?;
                 let foreign_table = self.parse_object_name(false)?;
                 let referred_columns = self.parse_parenthesized_column_list(Optional, false)?;
-                let mut match_kind = None;
-                let mut on_delete = None;
-                let mut on_update = None;
-                loop {
-                    if match_kind.is_none() && self.parse_keyword(Keyword::MATCH) {
-                        match_kind = Some(self.parse_match_kind()?);
-                    } else if on_delete.is_none()
-                        && self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::ON, Keyword::DELETE])
-                    {
-                        on_delete = Some(self.parse_referential_action()?);
-                    } else if on_update.is_none()
-                        && self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::ON, Keyword::UPDATE])
-                    {
-                        on_update = Some(self.parse_referential_action()?);
-                    } else {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
+                let ReferenceClauses {
+                    match_kind,
+                    on_delete,
+                    on_update,
+                } = self.parse_reference_clauses()?;
 
                 let characteristics = self.parse_constraint_characteristics()?;
 
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_common.rs b/tests/sqlparser_common.rs
index bcbc53b8e2..a95105eba5 100644
--- a/tests/sqlparser_common.rs
+++ b/tests/sqlparser_common.rs
@@ -22124,3 +22124,89 @@ fn parse_cache_table_options_without_flag() {
         );
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_reference_clauses_in_any_order() {
+    let dialects = all_dialects();
+    for clauses in [
+        "MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL",
+        "MATCH FULL ON UPDATE SET NULL ON DELETE CASCADE",
+        "ON DELETE CASCADE MATCH FULL ON UPDATE SET NULL",
+        "ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL MATCH FULL",
+        "ON UPDATE SET NULL MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE",
+        "ON UPDATE SET NULL ON DELETE CASCADE MATCH FULL",
+    ] {
+        for prefix in [
+            "a INT REFERENCES r (id)",
+            "a INT, FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES r(id)",
+        ] {
+            let sql = format!("CREATE TABLE t ({prefix} {clauses} DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED)");
+            let canonical = format!(
+                "CREATE TABLE t ({prefix} MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED)"
+            );
+            dialects.one_statement_parses_to(&sql, &canonical);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_reference_clauses_leave_duplicates_unconsumed() {
+    for (clauses, keyword, match_kind, on_delete, on_update) in [
+        (
+            "MATCH FULL MATCH SIMPLE",
+            Keyword::MATCH,
+            Some(ConstraintReferenceMatchKind::Full),
+            None,
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "ON DELETE CASCADE ON DELETE SET NULL",
+            Keyword::ON,
+            None,
+            Some(ReferentialAction::Cascade),
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION",
+            Keyword::ON,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(ReferentialAction::Restrict),
+        ),
+    ] {
+        for table_level in [false, true] {
+            let prefix = if table_level {
+                "FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES r(id)"
+            } else {
+                "REFERENCES r(id)"
+            };
+            let sql = format!("{prefix} {clauses}");
+            let mut parser = Parser::new(&GenericDialect {}).try_with_sql(&sql).unwrap();
+            let constraint = if table_level {
+                let Some(TableConstraint::ForeignKey(constraint)) =
+                    parser.parse_optional_table_constraint().unwrap()
+                else {
+                    panic!("{sql}");
+                };
+                constraint
+            } else {
+                let Some(ColumnOption::ForeignKey(constraint)) =
+                    parser.parse_optional_column_option().unwrap()
+                else {
+                    panic!("{sql}");
+                };
+                constraint
+            };
+            assert_eq!(
+                (
+                    constraint.match_kind,
+                    constraint.on_delete,
+                    constraint.on_update
+                ),
+                (match_kind, on_delete, on_update),
+                "{sql}"
+            );
+            assert!(parser.peek_keyword(keyword), "{sql}");
+        }
+    }
+}