From d99427a6cf0649594102f0fc15006ab1323ff839 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Sun, 25 May 2025 22:25:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] Adding a NATS Backplane Make Backplane Tests easily
 extensible Improve build process to test NATS and Redis backplanes

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                      |  68 ++++++--
 ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.slnx               |   5 +-
 .../NatsBackplane.cs                          | 148 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...reatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj |  25 +++
 .../artwork/logo-128x128.png                  | Bin 0 -> 5286 bytes
 .../docs/README.md                            |  13 ++
 .../RedisBackplane.cs                         |   1 +
 .../Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs             |   1 +
 .../Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs      |   2 +
 .../Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs       |   2 +
 .../Internals/EncodingExtensions.cs           |  42 +++++
 tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj              |   2 +-
 .../L1BackplaneTests.cs                       |  85 +++++++---
 .../L1BackplaneTests_Async.cs                 |   2 +-
 .../L1BackplaneTests_Sync.cs                  |   2 +-
 .../L1L2BackplaneTests.cs                     | 110 +++++++++----
 .../L1L2BackplaneTests_Async.cs               |   2 +-
 .../L1L2BackplaneTests_Sync.cs                |   2 +-
 .../ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests.csproj   |   1 +
 19 files changed, 444 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs
 create mode 100644 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
 create mode 100644 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/artwork/logo-128x128.png
 create mode 100644 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md
 create mode 100644 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/EncodingExtensions.cs

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index f3540c50..b37b5763 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -10,23 +10,73 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@master
-    - name: Set up .NET Core
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+    - name: Build solution
+      run: dotnet build
+    - name: Run core tests
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter "FullyQualifiedName~FusionCache&FullyQualifiedName!~NatsL1&FullyQualifiedName!~RedisL1"
+    - name: Publish test results
+      uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
+      if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
       with:
-        dotnet-version: '9.0.x'
+        files: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
+        check_name: "Core Test results"
+        report_individual_runs: true
+        action_fail: true
+        time_unit: milliseconds
+        #ignore_runs: true
+        compare_to_earlier_commit: false
 
-    - run: dotnet --info
-    - name: Build solution and run all tests
-      run: dotnet test --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}'
+  test-nats:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: build
+    services:
+      nats:
+        image: nats:latest
+        ports:
+          - 4222:4222
+          - 8222:8222
+      redis:
+        image: redis:latest
+        ports:
+          - 6379:6379
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@master
+    - name: Build solution
+      run: dotnet build
+    - name: Run NatsL1 tests
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter "FullyQualifiedName~NatsL1"
+    - name: Publish Nats test results
+      uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
+      if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
+      with:
+        files: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
+        check_name: "Nats Test results"
+        report_individual_runs: true
+        action_fail: true
+        time_unit: milliseconds
+        compare_to_earlier_commit: false
 
-    - name: Publish test results
+  test-redis:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: build
+    services:
+      redis:
+        image: redis:latest
+        ports:
+          - 6379:6379
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@master
+    - name: Build solution
+      run: dotnet build
+    - name: Run RedisL1 tests
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter "FullyQualifiedName~RedisL1"
+    - name: Publish Redis test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
       with:
         files: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
-        check_name: "Test results"
+        check_name: "Redis Test results"
         report_individual_runs: true
         action_fail: true
         time_unit: milliseconds
-        #ignore_runs: true
         compare_to_earlier_commit: false
diff --git a/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.slnx b/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.slnx
index 03c80580..140e1e06 100644
--- a/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.slnx
+++ b/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.slnx
@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@
   <Folder Name="/src/">
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.AspNetCore.OutputCaching/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.AspNetCore.OutputCaching.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.Memory/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.Memory.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Chaos/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Chaos.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.AsyncKeyed/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.AsyncKeyed.csproj" />
-    <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Memory/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Memory.csproj"/>
-    <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Redis/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Redis.csproj"/>
+    <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Memory/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Memory.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Redis/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.Distributed.Redis.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.OpenTelemetry/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.OpenTelemetry.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Serialization.CysharpMemoryPack/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Serialization.CysharpMemoryPack.csproj" />
     <Project Path="src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Serialization.NeueccMessagePack/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Serialization.NeueccMessagePack.csproj" />
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d63163f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+
+using NATS.Client.Core;
+
+using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals;
+
+namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.NATS;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A Redis based implementation of a FusionCache backplane.
+/// </summary>
+public partial class NatsBackplane
+	: IFusionCacheBackplane
+{
+	private BackplaneSubscriptionOptions? _subscriptionOptions;
+	private readonly ILogger? _logger;
+	private INatsConnection _connection;
+	private string _channelName = "";
+	private Func<BackplaneMessage, ValueTask>? _incomingMessageHandlerAsync;
+	private INatsSub<NatsMemoryOwner<byte>>? _subscription;
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the RedisBackplane class.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="natsConnection">The NATS connection instance to use.</param>
+	/// <param name="logger">The <see cref="ILogger{TCategoryName}"/> instance to use. If null, logging will be completely disabled.</param>
+	public NatsBackplane(INatsConnection? natsConnection, ILogger<NatsBackplane>? logger = null)
+	{
+		_connection = natsConnection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(natsConnection));
+
+		// LOGGING
+		if (logger is NullLogger<NatsBackplane>)
+		{
+			// IGNORE NULL LOGGER (FOR BETTER PERF)
+			_logger = null;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			_logger = logger;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <inheritdoc/>
+	public async ValueTask SubscribeAsync(BackplaneSubscriptionOptions subscriptionOptions)
+	{
+		if (subscriptionOptions is null)
+			throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(subscriptionOptions));
+
+		if (subscriptionOptions.ChannelName is null)
+			throw new NullReferenceException("The BackplaneSubscriptionOptions.ChannelName cannot be null");
+
+		if (subscriptionOptions.IncomingMessageHandler is null)
+			throw new NullReferenceException("The BackplaneSubscriptionOptions.IncomingMessageHandler cannot be null");
+
+		if (subscriptionOptions.ConnectHandler is null)
+			throw new NullReferenceException("The BackplaneSubscriptionOptions.ConnectHandler cannot be null");
+
+		if (subscriptionOptions.IncomingMessageHandlerAsync is null)
+			throw new NullReferenceException("The BackplaneSubscriptionOptions.IncomingMessageHandlerAsync cannot be null");
+
+		if (subscriptionOptions.ConnectHandlerAsync is null)
+			throw new NullReferenceException("The BackplaneSubscriptionOptions.ConnectHandlerAsync cannot be null");
+
+		_subscriptionOptions = subscriptionOptions;
+
+		_channelName = _subscriptionOptions.ChannelName;
+		if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_channelName))
+			throw new NullReferenceException("The backplane channel name must have a value");
+
+		_incomingMessageHandlerAsync = _subscriptionOptions.IncomingMessageHandlerAsync;
+		_subscription = await _connection.SubscribeCoreAsync<NatsMemoryOwner<byte>>(_channelName);
+		_ = Task.Run(async () =>
+		{
+			while (await _subscription.Msgs.WaitToReadAsync().ConfigureAwait(false))
+			{
+				while (_subscription.Msgs.TryRead(out var msg))
+				{
+					using (msg.Data)
+					{
+						var message = BackplaneMessage.FromByteArray(msg.Data.Memory.ToArray());
+						await OnMessageAsync(message).ConfigureAwait(false);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		});
+	}
+
+
+	/// <inheritdoc/>
+	public void Subscribe(BackplaneSubscriptionOptions options)
+	{
+#pragma warning disable VSTHRD002 // Suppressing since this is a sync-over-async method intentionally as the library doesn't provide sync APIs
+		SubscribeAsync(options).AsTask().Wait();
+#pragma warning restore VSTHRD002 // Avoid problematic synchronous waits
+	}
+
+	/// <inheritdoc/>
+	public async ValueTask UnsubscribeAsync()
+	{
+		if (_subscription is not null)
+		{
+			await _subscription.UnsubscribeAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+			await _subscription.Msgs.Completion;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <inheritdoc/>
+	public void Unsubscribe()
+	{
+#pragma warning disable VSTHRD002 // Suppressing since this is a sync-over-async method intentionally as the library doesn't provide sync APIs
+		UnsubscribeAsync().AsTask().Wait();
+#pragma warning restore VSTHRD002 // Avoid problematic synchronous waits
+	}
+
+	/// <inheritdoc/>
+	public async ValueTask PublishAsync(BackplaneMessage message, FusionCacheEntryOptions options, CancellationToken token = default)
+	{
+		var writer = new NatsBufferWriter<byte>();
+		writer.Write(BackplaneMessage.ToByteArray(message));
+		await _connection.PublishAsync(_channelName, writer).ConfigureAwait(false);
+	}
+
+	/// <inheritdoc/>
+	public void Publish(BackplaneMessage message, FusionCacheEntryOptions options, CancellationToken token = default)
+	{
+#pragma warning disable VSTHRD002 // Suppressing since this is a sync-over-async method intentionally as the library doesn't provide sync APIs
+		PublishAsync(message, options, token).AsTask().Wait();
+#pragma warning restore VSTHRD002 // Avoid problematic synchronous waits
+	}
+
+	internal async ValueTask OnMessageAsync(BackplaneMessage message)
+	{
+		var tmp = _incomingMessageHandlerAsync;
+		if (tmp is null)
+		{
+			if (_logger?.IsEnabled(LogLevel.Trace) ?? false)
+				_logger.Log(LogLevel.Trace, "FUSION [N={CacheName} I={CacheInstanceId}]: [BP] incoming message handler was null", _subscriptionOptions?.CacheName, _subscriptionOptions?.CacheInstanceId);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		await tmp(message).ConfigureAwait(false);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1cfad0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+	<PropertyGroup>
+		<TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net8.0;net9.0</TargetFrameworks>
+		<Version>2.5.0</Version>
+		<PackageId>ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS</PackageId>
+		<Description>FusionCache backplane for NATS based on the NATS.Net library</Description>
+		<PackageTags>backplane;nats;synadia;caching;cache;hybrid;hybrid-cache;hybridcache;multi-level;multilevel;fusion;fusioncache;fusion-cache;performance;async;ziggy</PackageTags>
+		<RootNamespace>ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.NATS</RootNamespace>
+		<GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+		<PackageValidationBaselineVersion>1.0.0</PackageValidationBaselineVersion>
+	</PropertyGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<None Include="artwork\logo-128x128.png" Pack="true" PackagePath="\" />
+		<None Include="docs\README.md" Pack="true" PackagePath="\" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <PackageReference Include="NATS.Client.Core" Version="2.6.1" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.csproj" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/artwork/logo-128x128.png b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/artwork/logo-128x128.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce400a79d7afa412829bf756fd31598f30250c2a
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diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e529a7ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# FusionCache
+
+![FusionCache logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ZiggyCreatures/FusionCache/main/docs/logo-256x256.png)
+
+### FusionCache is an easy to use, fast and robust hybrid cache with advanced resiliency features.
+
+It was born after years of dealing with all sorts of different types of caches: memory caching, distributed caching, http caching, CDNs, browser cache, offline cache, you name it. So I've tried to put together these experiences and came up with FusionCache.
+
+Find out [more](https://github.com/ZiggyCreatures/FusionCache).
+
+## 📦 This package
+
+This package is a backplane implementation on [NATS](https://nats.io/) based on the awesome [StackExchange.Redis](https://github.com/StackExchange/StackExchange.Redis) library.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs
index b133caf4..934909d8 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+
 using StackExchange.Redis;
 
 namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis;
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs
index aa2f9a0c..739c46ff 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Text;
+
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals;
 
 namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs
index a3d3de0c..96948d54 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
+
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals.Diagnostics;
 
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs
index e94ba9c4..fe1c7e2c 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
+
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals.Diagnostics;
 
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/EncodingExtensions.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/EncodingExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40e4f5c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/EncodingExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals
+{
+	internal static class EncodingExtensions
+	{
+#if NETSTANDARD2_0
+		public static int GetBytes<T>(this T encoding, string s, Span<byte> span) where T : Encoding
+		{
+			int byteCount = encoding.GetByteCount(s);
+			byte[] stringBytes = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(byteCount);
+			try
+			{
+				encoding.GetBytes(s, 0, s.Length, stringBytes, 0);
+				stringBytes.AsSpan(0, byteCount).CopyTo(span);
+				return byteCount;
+			}
+			finally
+			{
+				ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(stringBytes);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public static string GetString<T>(this T encoding, ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes) where T : Encoding
+		{
+			byte[] stringBytes = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(bytes.Length);
+			try
+			{
+				bytes.CopyTo(stringBytes);
+				return encoding.GetString(stringBytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+			}
+			finally
+			{
+				ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(stringBytes);
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj b/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj
index 7ba3f559..4f8660f0 100644
--- a/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj
+++ b/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	<PropertyGroup>
 		<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-		<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+		<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
 		<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
 		<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
 		<InvariantGlobalization>true</InvariantGlobalization>
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests.cs b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests.cs
index b30e0ad8..e52fd4f1 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests.cs
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests.cs
@@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
 using FusionCacheTests.Stuff;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+using NATS.Client.Core;
+
 using Xunit;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.Memory;
+using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.NATS;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.DangerZone;
 
 namespace FusionCacheTests;
 
-public partial class L1BackplaneTests
-	: AbstractTests
+public abstract partial class L1BackplaneTests<T> : AbstractTests where T : IFusionCacheBackplane
 {
-	public L1BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output)
-		: base(output, "MyCache:")
-	{
-		if (UseRedis)
-			InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5).PlusALittleBit();
+	protected TimeSpan InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
+	protected TimeSpan MultiNodeOperationsDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
+
+	protected L1BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output, "MyCache:")
+	{		
 	}
 
-	private FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
+	protected virtual FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
 	{
 		var res = new FusionCacheOptions
 		{
@@ -32,21 +35,9 @@ private FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
 		return res;
 	}
 
-	private static readonly bool UseRedis = false;
-	private static readonly string RedisConnection = "127.0.0.1:6379,ssl=False,abortConnect=false,connectTimeout=1000,syncTimeout=1000";
-
-	private readonly TimeSpan InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
-	private readonly TimeSpan MultiNodeOperationsDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
-
-	private IFusionCacheBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId, ILogger? logger = null)
-	{
-		if (UseRedis)
-			return new RedisBackplane(new RedisBackplaneOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection }, logger: (logger as ILogger<RedisBackplane>) ?? CreateXUnitLogger<RedisBackplane>());
-
-		return new MemoryBackplane(new MemoryBackplaneOptions() { ConnectionId = connectionId }, logger: (logger as ILogger<MemoryBackplane>) ?? CreateXUnitLogger<MemoryBackplane>());
-	}
+	protected abstract T CreateBackplane(string connectionId, ILogger? logger = null);
 
-	private FusionCache CreateFusionCache(string? cacheName, IFusionCacheBackplane? backplane, Action<FusionCacheOptions>? setupAction = null, IMemoryCache? memoryCache = null, string? cacheInstanceId = null, ILogger<FusionCache>? logger = null)
+	protected FusionCache CreateFusionCache(string? cacheName, T? backplane, Action<FusionCacheOptions>? setupAction = null, IMemoryCache? memoryCache = null, string? cacheInstanceId = null, ILogger<FusionCache>? logger = null)
 	{
 		var options = CreateFusionCacheOptions();
 
@@ -67,3 +58,53 @@ private FusionCache CreateFusionCache(string? cacheName, IFusionCacheBackplane?
 		return fusionCache;
 	}
 }
+
+public class RedisL1BackplaneTests : L1BackplaneTests<RedisBackplane>
+{
+	private static readonly string RedisConnection = "127.0.0.1:6379,ssl=False,abortConnect=false,connectTimeout=1000,syncTimeout=1000";
+
+	public RedisL1BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output)
+	{
+		InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1).PlusALittleBit();
+	}
+
+	protected override RedisBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId, ILogger? logger = null)
+	{
+		return new RedisBackplane(new RedisBackplaneOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection }, logger: (logger as ILogger<RedisBackplane>) ?? CreateXUnitLogger<RedisBackplane>());
+	}
+}
+
+public class MemoryL1BackplaneTests : L1BackplaneTests<MemoryBackplane>
+{
+	public MemoryL1BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output)
+	{
+	}
+
+	protected override MemoryBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId, ILogger? logger = null)
+	{
+		return new MemoryBackplane(new MemoryBackplaneOptions() { ConnectionId = connectionId }, logger: (logger as ILogger<MemoryBackplane>) ?? CreateXUnitLogger<MemoryBackplane>());
+	}
+}
+
+public class NatsL1BackplaneTests : L1BackplaneTests<NatsBackplane>
+{
+	private static readonly string NatsConnection = "nats://localhost:4222";
+
+	public NatsL1BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output)
+	{
+		InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1).PlusALittleBit();
+	}
+
+	protected override FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
+	{
+		var options = base.CreateFusionCacheOptions();
+		options.InternalStrings.SetToSafeStrings();
+		return options;
+	}
+
+	protected override NatsBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId, ILogger? logger = null)
+	{
+		var natsConnection = new NatsConnection(new NatsOpts() { Url = NatsConnection });
+		return new NatsBackplane(natsConnection, logger: (logger as ILogger<NatsBackplane>) ?? CreateXUnitLogger<NatsBackplane>());
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Async.cs b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Async.cs
index 2b9130ef..82885c82 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Async.cs
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Async.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace FusionCacheTests;
 
-public partial class L1BackplaneTests
+public partial class L1BackplaneTests<T>
 {
 	[Fact]
 	public async Task WorksWithDifferentCachesAsync()
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Sync.cs b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Sync.cs
index 01015744..542ff0d7 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Sync.cs
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1BackplaneTests_Sync.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace FusionCacheTests;
 
-public partial class L1BackplaneTests
+public partial class L1BackplaneTests<T>
 {
 	[Fact]
 	public void WorksWithDifferentCaches()
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests.cs b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests.cs
index 265e6f40..f98fbc8e 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests.cs
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests.cs
@@ -3,26 +3,29 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.StackExchangeRedis;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+
+using NATS.Client.Core;
+
 using Xunit;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.Memory;
+using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.NATS;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.DangerZone;
 
 namespace FusionCacheTests;
 
-public partial class L1L2BackplaneTests
-	: AbstractTests
+public abstract partial class L1L2BackplaneTests<TBackplane, TDistributedCache> : AbstractTests where TBackplane : class, IFusionCacheBackplane where TDistributedCache : IDistributedCache
 {
-	public L1L2BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output)
-		: base(output, "MyCache:")
+	protected TimeSpan InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
+	protected TimeSpan MultiNodeOperationsDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
+	
+	protected L1L2BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output, "MyCache:")
 	{
-		if (UseRedis)
-			InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5).PlusALittleBit();
 	}
 
-	private FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
+	protected virtual FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
 	{
 		var res = new FusionCacheOptions
 		{
@@ -33,30 +36,11 @@ private FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
 
 		return res;
 	}
-
-	private static readonly bool UseRedis = false;
-	private static readonly string RedisConnection = "127.0.0.1:6379,ssl=False,abortConnect=false,connectTimeout=1000,syncTimeout=1000";
-
-	private readonly TimeSpan InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
-	private readonly TimeSpan MultiNodeOperationsDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300);
-
-	private IFusionCacheBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId)
-	{
-		if (UseRedis)
-			return new RedisBackplane(new RedisBackplaneOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection }, logger: CreateXUnitLogger<RedisBackplane>());
-
-		return new MemoryBackplane(new MemoryBackplaneOptions() { ConnectionId = connectionId }, logger: CreateXUnitLogger<MemoryBackplane>());
-	}
-
-	private static IDistributedCache CreateDistributedCache()
-	{
-		if (UseRedis)
-			return new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection });
-
-		return new MemoryDistributedCache(Options.Create(new MemoryDistributedCacheOptions()));
-	}
-
-	private FusionCache CreateFusionCache(string? cacheName, SerializerType? serializerType, IDistributedCache? distributedCache, IFusionCacheBackplane? backplane, Action<FusionCacheOptions>? setupAction = null, IMemoryCache? memoryCache = null, string? cacheInstanceId = null)
+	
+	protected abstract TBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId);
+	protected abstract TDistributedCache CreateDistributedCache();
+	
+	protected FusionCache CreateFusionCache(string? cacheName, SerializerType? serializerType, TDistributedCache? distributedCache, TBackplane? backplane, Action<FusionCacheOptions>? setupAction = null, IMemoryCache? memoryCache = null, string? cacheInstanceId = null)
 	{
 		var options = CreateFusionCacheOptions();
 
@@ -83,3 +67,67 @@ private FusionCache CreateFusionCache(string? cacheName, SerializerType? seriali
 		return fusionCache;
 	}
 }
+
+public class RedisL1L2BackplaneTests : L1L2BackplaneTests<RedisBackplane, RedisCache>
+{
+	private static readonly string RedisConnection = "127.0.0.1:6379,ssl=False,abortConnect=false,connectTimeout=1000,syncTimeout=1000";
+
+	public RedisL1L2BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output)
+	{
+		InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1).PlusALittleBit();
+	}
+
+	protected override RedisBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId)
+	{
+		return new RedisBackplane(new RedisBackplaneOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection }, logger: CreateXUnitLogger<RedisBackplane>());
+	}
+
+	protected override RedisCache CreateDistributedCache()
+	{
+		return new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection });
+	}
+}
+
+public class MemoryL1L2BackplaneTests : L1L2BackplaneTests<MemoryBackplane, MemoryDistributedCache>
+{
+	public MemoryL1L2BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output)
+	{
+	}
+	protected override MemoryBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId)
+	{
+		return new MemoryBackplane(new MemoryBackplaneOptions() { ConnectionId = connectionId }, logger: CreateXUnitLogger<MemoryBackplane>());
+	}
+	protected override MemoryDistributedCache CreateDistributedCache()
+	{
+		return new MemoryDistributedCache(Options.Create(new MemoryDistributedCacheOptions()));
+	}
+}
+
+public class NatsL1L2BackplaneTests : L1L2BackplaneTests<NatsBackplane, RedisCache>
+{
+	private static readonly string NatsConnection = "nats://localhost:4222";
+	private static readonly string RedisConnection = "127.0.0.1:6379,ssl=False,abortConnect=false,connectTimeout=1000,syncTimeout=1000";
+
+	public NatsL1L2BackplaneTests(ITestOutputHelper output) : base(output)
+	{
+		InitialBackplaneDelay = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1).PlusALittleBit();
+	}
+
+	protected override FusionCacheOptions CreateFusionCacheOptions()
+	{
+		var options = base.CreateFusionCacheOptions();
+		options.InternalStrings.SetToSafeStrings();
+		return options;
+	}
+
+	protected override NatsBackplane CreateBackplane(string connectionId)
+	{
+		var natsConnection = new NatsConnection(new NatsOpts() { Url = NatsConnection });
+		return new NatsBackplane(natsConnection, logger: CreateXUnitLogger<NatsBackplane>());
+	}
+
+	protected override RedisCache CreateDistributedCache()
+	{
+		return new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions { Configuration = RedisConnection });
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Async.cs b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Async.cs
index 16e9d25f..e293dc9e 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Async.cs
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Async.cs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace FusionCacheTests;
 
-public partial class L1L2BackplaneTests
+public partial class L1L2BackplaneTests<TBackplane, TDistributedCache>
 {
 	[Theory]
 	[ClassData(typeof(SerializerTypesClassData))]
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Sync.cs b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Sync.cs
index 7e9bee11..4e8ffafe 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Sync.cs
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/L1L2BackplaneTests_Sync.cs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace FusionCacheTests;
 
-public partial class L1L2BackplaneTests
+public partial class L1L2BackplaneTests<TBackplane, TDistributedCache>
 {
 	[Theory]
 	[ClassData(typeof(SerializerTypesClassData))]
diff --git a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests.csproj b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests.csproj
index 153ded50..4635a2ee 100644
--- a/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests.csproj
+++ b/tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Tests.csproj
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.csproj" />
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Chaos\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Chaos.csproj" />
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.Memory\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.Memory.csproj" />
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj" />
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis.csproj" />
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.AsyncKeyed\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Locking.AsyncKeyed.csproj" />
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Serialization.CysharpMemoryPack\ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Serialization.CysharpMemoryPack.csproj" />

From e75c2a3f26f163f0c0b55fe73d69c84edf04186f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:28:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] Updating after recent merges from main

---
 global.json                                                   | 3 +++
 .../NatsBackplane.cs                                          | 4 ++--
 .../ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj          | 2 +-
 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md  | 2 +-
 tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj                              | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/global.json b/global.json
index 70afea0b..6aceed38 100644
--- a/global.json
+++ b/global.json
@@ -3,5 +3,8 @@
     "version": "10.0.100",
     "allowPrerelease": true,
     "rollForward": "latestFeature"
+  },
+  "test": {
+    "runner": "Microsoft.Testing.Platform"
   }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs
index 0d63163f..912f3946 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/NatsBackplane.cs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.NATS;
 
 /// <summary>
-/// A Redis based implementation of a FusionCache backplane.
+/// A NATS based implementation of a FusionCache backplane.
 /// </summary>
 public partial class NatsBackplane
 	: IFusionCacheBackplane
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public partial class NatsBackplane
 	private INatsSub<NatsMemoryOwner<byte>>? _subscription;
 
 	/// <summary>
-	/// Initializes a new instance of the RedisBackplane class.
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the NatsBackplane class.
 	/// </summary>
 	/// <param name="natsConnection">The NATS connection instance to use.</param>
 	/// <param name="logger">The <see cref="ILogger{TCategoryName}"/> instance to use. If null, logging will be completely disabled.</param>
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
index a1cfad0d..39246d1c 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	</ItemGroup>
 
 	<ItemGroup>
-	  <PackageReference Include="NATS.Client.Core" Version="2.6.1" />
+	  <PackageReference Include="NATS.Client.Core" Version="2.7.1" />
 	</ItemGroup>
 
 	<ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md
index e529a7ba..bb11c1c2 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/docs/README.md
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ Find out [more](https://github.com/ZiggyCreatures/FusionCache).
 
 ## 📦 This package
 
-This package is a backplane implementation on [NATS](https://nats.io/) based on the awesome [StackExchange.Redis](https://github.com/StackExchange/StackExchange.Redis) library.
\ No newline at end of file
+This package is a backplane implementation on [NATS](https://nats.io/) based on the [NATS.Net](https://github.com/nats-io/nats.net) library.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj b/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj
index 4f8660f0..7ba3f559 100644
--- a/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj
+++ b/tests/AOTTester/AOTTester.csproj
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 	<PropertyGroup>
 		<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-		<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+		<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
 		<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
 		<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
 		<InvariantGlobalization>true</InvariantGlobalization>

From 25136e13a694a501655ac76a5d660bb030a388d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:44:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] Updating NATS package and fixing test filter

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml                                    | 6 +++---
 .../ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj        | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 906a0bff..9c7f5f0c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
     - name: Run core tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter "FullyQualifiedName~FusionCache&FullyQualifiedName!~NatsL1&FullyQualifiedName!~RedisL1"
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter-query '/*/*/(!*NatsL1*)&(!*RedisL1*)'
     - name: Publish test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
     - name: Run NatsL1 tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter "FullyQualifiedName~NatsL1"
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter-query '/*/*/*NatsL1*'
     - name: Publish Nats test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
     - name: Run RedisL1 tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter "FullyQualifiedName~RedisL1"
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter-query '/*/*/*RedisL1*'
     - name: Publish Redis test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
index 39246d1c..709ba400 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.NATS.csproj
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	</ItemGroup>
 
 	<ItemGroup>
-	  <PackageReference Include="NATS.Client.Core" Version="2.7.1" />
+	  <PackageReference Include="NATS.Client.Core" Version="3.1.1" />
 	</ItemGroup>
 
 	<ItemGroup>

From c23e48a5ce57e3a34ee41884947a393d62205d3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:50:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] Fixing test runner options

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 9c7f5f0c..bf71bcaa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
     - name: Run core tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter-query '/*/*/(!*NatsL1*)&(!*RedisL1*)'
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -- --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --report-xunit-trx --filter-query '/*/*/(!*NatsL1*)&(!*RedisL1*)'
     - name: Publish test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
     - name: Run NatsL1 tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter-query '/*/*/*NatsL1*'
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -- --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --report-xunit-trx --filter-query '/*/*/*NatsL1*'
     - name: Publish Nats test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
     - name: Run RedisL1 tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -l trx --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --filter-query '/*/*/*RedisL1*'
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -- --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --report-xunit-trx --filter-query '/*/*/*RedisL1*'
     - name: Publish Redis test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}

From 4cb19c123a5785dde9dfaff85b82f00ad29d4e4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2026 09:10:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] Simplifying the backplane test runs to use matrixes

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 49 ++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index bf71bcaa..2505af6b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -30,9 +30,17 @@ jobs:
         #ignore_runs: true
         compare_to_earlier_commit: false
 
-  test-nats:
+  test-backplanes:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }} L1 tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Nats
+            filter: '/*/*/*NatsL1*'
+          - name: Redis
+            filter: '/*/*/*RedisL1*'
     services:
       nats:
         image: nats:latest
@@ -51,43 +59,14 @@ jobs:
         global-json-file: global.json
     - name: Build solution
       run: dotnet build
-    - name: Run NatsL1 tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -- --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --report-xunit-trx --filter-query '/*/*/*NatsL1*'
-    - name: Publish Nats test results
+    - name: Run ${{ matrix.name }}L1 tests
+      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -- --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --report-xunit-trx --filter-query '${{ matrix.filter }}'
+    - name: Publish ${{ matrix.name }} test results
       uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
       if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
       with:
         files: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
-        check_name: "Nats Test results"
-        report_individual_runs: true
-        action_fail: true
-        time_unit: milliseconds
-        compare_to_earlier_commit: false
-
-  test-redis:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
-    services:
-      redis:
-        image: redis:latest
-        ports:
-          - 6379:6379
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@master
-    - name: Set up .NET Core
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
-      with:
-        global-json-file: global.json
-    - name: Build solution
-      run: dotnet build
-    - name: Run RedisL1 tests
-      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal -- --results-directory '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}' --report-xunit-trx --filter-query '/*/*/*RedisL1*'
-    - name: Publish Redis test results
-      uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action/linux@v2
-      if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
-      with:
-        files: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
-        check_name: "Redis Test results"
+        check_name: "${{ matrix.name }} Test results"
         report_individual_runs: true
         action_fail: true
         time_unit: milliseconds

From 9917befe0caae27b47a1f594c5c2bdaedcaa1974 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2026 13:28:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] Publish test reports for troubleshooting

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 2505af6b..459df9a6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ jobs:
         time_unit: milliseconds
         #ignore_runs: true
         compare_to_earlier_commit: false
+    - name: Upload core test reports
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      if: ${{ always() }}
+      with:
+        name: core-test-reports
+        path: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
+        if-no-files-found: warn
 
   test-backplanes:
     name: ${{ matrix.name }} L1 tests
@@ -71,3 +78,10 @@ jobs:
         action_fail: true
         time_unit: milliseconds
         compare_to_earlier_commit: false
+    - name: Upload ${{ matrix.name }} test reports
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      if: ${{ always() }}
+      with:
+        name: ${{ matrix.name }}-test-reports
+        path: '${{ env.TEST_RESULTS }}/*.trx'
+        if-no-files-found: warn

From 16a38972419cc12dc939f8d6bf1d3b863959f487 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Stef=C3=A1n=20J=C3=B6kull=20Sigur=C3=B0arson?=
 <stefanjokull@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2026 13:29:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] Updating actions

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 459df9a6..2769fcca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@master
     - name: Set up .NET Core
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
       with:
         global-json-file: global.json
     - name: Build solution
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         #ignore_runs: true
         compare_to_earlier_commit: false
     - name: Upload core test reports
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       if: ${{ always() }}
       with:
         name: core-test-reports
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@master
     - name: Set up .NET Core
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
       with:
         global-json-file: global.json
     - name: Build solution
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
         time_unit: milliseconds
         compare_to_earlier_commit: false
     - name: Upload ${{ matrix.name }} test reports
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       if: ${{ always() }}
       with:
         name: ${{ matrix.name }}-test-reports

From 58183ee8a3d0e99d4426f67a720404486b51706b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jody Donetti <indastria@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 21:11:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] Removing useless newlines which create extra diffs

---
 .../RedisBackplane.cs                                            | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs
index 934909d8..b133caf4 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis/RedisBackplane.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
-
 using StackExchange.Redis;
 
 namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane.StackExchangeRedis;

From bf6663b657d1bd4c95bfdf82f5ac85435c73bfc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jody Donetti <indastria@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 21:12:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] Removing useless newlines which create extra diffs

---
 src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs
index 0a6a0369..efdcb824 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Backplane/BackplaneMessage.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Text;
-
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals;
 
 namespace ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;

From a9b6ba0cb5ee36b53da7828e412fe86e0eab8568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jody Donetti <indastria@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 21:12:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] Update BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs

---
 .../Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs              | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs
index 703b5ddf..96656a0f 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Async.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
-
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals.Diagnostics;
 

From be659b5470b9d088fdbd9d3414ad267d7b9f4e1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jody Donetti <indastria@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2026 21:12:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] Update BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs

---
 .../Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs               | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs
index bf9d54a5..79b60ad1 100644
--- a/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs
+++ b/src/ZiggyCreatures.FusionCache/Internals/Backplane/BackplaneAccessor_Sync.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
-
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Backplane;
 using ZiggyCreatures.Caching.Fusion.Internals.Diagnostics;