diff --git a/common/changes/@visactor/vtable/test-issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns_2026-09-23-11-00.json b/common/changes/@visactor/vtable/test-issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns_2026-09-23-11-00.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d281c25426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/changes/@visactor/vtable/test-issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns_2026-09-23-11-00.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@visactor/vtable",
+      "comment": "fix(vtable): release frozen-column observers when a table is destroyed",
+      "type": "patch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@visactor/vtable",
+  "email": "892739385@qq.com"
+}
diff --git a/packages/vtable/__tests__/options/listTable-frozen.test.ts b/packages/vtable/__tests__/options/listTable-frozen.test.ts
index 47ed49543c..b692f748ba 100644
--- a/packages/vtable/__tests__/options/listTable-frozen.test.ts
+++ b/packages/vtable/__tests__/options/listTable-frozen.test.ts
@@ -92,3 +92,137 @@ describe('listTable-frozen init test', () => {
     listTable.release();
   });
 });
+
+describe('listTable frozen columns in transpose mode', () => {
+  function mockResizeObserver() {
+    const originalResizeObserver = global.ResizeObserver;
+    const observer = {
+      observe: jest.fn(),
+      disconnect: jest.fn()
+    };
+    let callback: ResizeObserverCallback;
+
+    global.ResizeObserver = jest.fn(function (resizeObserverCallback: ResizeObserverCallback) {
+      callback = resizeObserverCallback;
+      return observer;
+    });
+
+    return {
+      callback: () => callback,
+      observer,
+      restore: () => {
+        global.ResizeObserver = originalResizeObserver;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function mockTimers() {
+    const originalSetTimeout = global.setTimeout;
+    const originalClearTimeout = global.clearTimeout;
+    const timers = new Map<number, () => void>();
+    let timerId = 0;
+
+    global.setTimeout = jest.fn((callback: () => void) => {
+      timerId += 1;
+      timers.set(timerId, callback);
+      return timerId as unknown as ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
+    });
+    global.clearTimeout = jest.fn((id: number) => {
+      timers.delete(id);
+    });
+
+    return {
+      runAll: () => {
+        for (const [id, callback] of timers) {
+          timers.delete(id);
+          callback();
+        }
+      },
+      restore: () => {
+        global.setTimeout = originalSetTimeout;
+        global.clearTimeout = originalClearTimeout;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function createZeroWidthTransposeTable() {
+    const containerDom: HTMLElement = createDiv();
+    containerDom.style.position = 'relative';
+    containerDom.style.width = '0px';
+    containerDom.style.height = '300px';
+
+    return {
+      containerDom,
+      transposeTable: new ListTable(containerDom, {
+        columns: [
+          { field: 'name', title: 'Name', width: 120 },
+          { field: 'value', title: 'Value', width: 120 }
+        ],
+        records: Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, index) => ({
+          name: `name-${index}`,
+          value: `value-${index}`
+        })),
+        defaultColWidth: 120,
+        frozenColCount: 2,
+        transpose: true
+      })
+    };
+  }
+
+  test('keeps configured columns frozen after a zero-width mount and scrolling', () => {
+    const resizeObserver = mockResizeObserver();
+    const { containerDom, transposeTable } = createZeroWidthTransposeTable();
+    const timers = mockTimers();
+
+    try {
+      expect(resizeObserver.observer.observe).toHaveBeenCalledWith(containerDom);
+      const resize = jest.spyOn(transposeTable, 'resize');
+      containerDom.style.width = '400px';
+      resizeObserver.callback()([{ contentRect: { width: 400 } } as ResizeObserverEntry], resizeObserver.observer);
+
+      expect(resize).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      timers.runAll();
+
+      expect(transposeTable.frozenColCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(transposeTable.scenegraph.getColGroup(0).parent).toBe(transposeTable.scenegraph.rowHeaderGroup);
+      expect(transposeTable.scenegraph.getColGroup(1).parent).toBe(transposeTable.scenegraph.rowHeaderGroup);
+      expect(transposeTable.scenegraph.getColGroup(2).parent).toBe(transposeTable.scenegraph.bodyGroup);
+
+      transposeTable.setScrollLeft(240);
+
+      expect(transposeTable.scrollLeft).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(transposeTable.scenegraph.getColGroup(0).parent).toBe(transposeTable.scenegraph.rowHeaderGroup);
+      expect(transposeTable.scenegraph.getColGroup(1).parent).toBe(transposeTable.scenegraph.rowHeaderGroup);
+      expect(transposeTable.scenegraph.getColGroup(2).parent).toBe(transposeTable.scenegraph.bodyGroup);
+      expect(resizeObserver.observer.disconnect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    } finally {
+      transposeTable.release();
+      resizeObserver.restore();
+      timers.restore();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test('cancels the queued frozen-column check when released', () => {
+    const resizeObserver = mockResizeObserver();
+    const { containerDom, transposeTable } = createZeroWidthTransposeTable();
+    const timers = mockTimers();
+
+    try {
+      const checkFrozen = jest.spyOn(transposeTable.stateManager, 'checkFrozen');
+      containerDom.style.width = '400px';
+      resizeObserver.callback()([{ contentRect: { width: 400 } } as ResizeObserverEntry], resizeObserver.observer);
+
+      const checksBeforeRelease = checkFrozen.mock.calls.length;
+      transposeTable.release();
+      timers.runAll();
+
+      expect(checkFrozen).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(checksBeforeRelease);
+    } finally {
+      if (!transposeTable.isReleased) {
+        transposeTable.release();
+      }
+      resizeObserver.restore();
+      timers.restore();
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/vtable/examples/debug/issue-4111-transpose-frozen-observer.ts b/packages/vtable/examples/debug/issue-4111-transpose-frozen-observer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..214b6ea52f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vtable/examples/debug/issue-4111-transpose-frozen-observer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import * as VTable from '../../src';
+
+interface Issue4111Window extends Window {
+  BUGSERVER_SCREENSHOT?: () => void;
+  __issue_4111_error__?: ErrorEvent | PromiseRejectionEvent;
+  __issue_4111_table__?: VTable.ListTable;
+  __issue_4111_race_table__?: VTable.ListTable;
+}
+
+const CONTAINER_ID = 'vTable';
+const STATUS_ID = 'issue4111Status';
+
+const columns = [
+  { field: 'name', title: 'Name', width: 120 },
+  { field: 'value', title: 'Value', width: 120 }
+];
+const records = Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, index) => ({
+  name: `name-${index}`,
+  value: `value-${index}`
+}));
+
+function createTable(container: HTMLElement) {
+  return new VTable.ListTable(container, {
+    columns,
+    records,
+    defaultColWidth: 120,
+    frozenColCount: 2,
+    transpose: true
+  });
+}
+
+export function createTable() {
+  const container = document.getElementById(CONTAINER_ID);
+  if (!container) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing #${CONTAINER_ID} container`);
+  }
+
+  const issueWindow = window as Issue4111Window;
+  delete issueWindow.__issue_4111_error__;
+
+  const onError = (event: ErrorEvent | PromiseRejectionEvent) => {
+    issueWindow.__issue_4111_error__ = event;
+  };
+  window.addEventListener('error', onError);
+  window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', onError);
+
+  document.getElementById(STATUS_ID)?.remove();
+  const status = document.createElement('div');
+  status.id = STATUS_ID;
+  status.style.cssText = 'margin: 0 0 12px; font: 600 14px/1.5 sans-serif;';
+  status.textContent = 'RUNNING';
+  container.parentElement?.insertBefore(status, container);
+
+  container.style.width = '0px';
+  container.style.height = '320px';
+  const tableInstance = createTable(container);
+  issueWindow.__issue_4111_table__ = tableInstance;
+
+  const raceContainer = document.createElement('div');
+  raceContainer.style.cssText = 'position: absolute; width: 0; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;';
+  container.parentElement?.appendChild(raceContainer);
+  const raceTable = createTable(raceContainer);
+  issueWindow.__issue_4111_race_table__ = raceTable;
+
+  const originalSetTimeout = window.setTimeout;
+  const originalClearTimeout = window.clearTimeout;
+  const frozenCheckTimers = new Map<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>, () => void>();
+  let captureFrozenCheck = false;
+  let timerId = 0;
+  let checkFrozenRanAfterRelease = false;
+  const restoreTimers = () => {
+    window.setTimeout = originalSetTimeout;
+    window.clearTimeout = originalClearTimeout;
+  };
+  window.setTimeout = ((callback: TimerHandler, timeout?: number) => {
+    if (captureFrozenCheck && timeout === 0) {
+      const id = (timerId += 1) as unknown as ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
+      frozenCheckTimers.set(id, () => {
+        if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+          callback();
+        }
+      });
+      return id;
+    }
+    return originalSetTimeout(callback, timeout);
+  }) as typeof window.setTimeout;
+  window.clearTimeout = ((id?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>) => {
+    if (id && frozenCheckTimers.delete(id)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    originalClearTimeout(id);
+  }) as typeof window.clearTimeout;
+
+  const release = tableInstance.release.bind(tableInstance);
+  tableInstance.release = () => {
+    window.removeEventListener('error', onError);
+    window.removeEventListener('unhandledrejection', onError);
+    restoreTimers();
+    if (!raceTable.isReleased) {
+      raceTable.release();
+    }
+    raceContainer.remove();
+    delete issueWindow.__issue_4111_error__;
+    delete issueWindow.__issue_4111_table__;
+    delete issueWindow.__issue_4111_race_table__;
+    document.getElementById(STATUS_ID)?.remove();
+    release();
+  };
+
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    container.style.width = '640px';
+    captureFrozenCheck = true;
+    raceContainer.style.width = '640px';
+
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      const raceObserverRecovered = !raceTable.stateManager._frozenObserver;
+      raceTable.stateManager.checkFrozen = () => {
+        checkFrozenRanAfterRelease = true;
+      };
+      const queuedFrozenCheckBeforeRelease = frozenCheckTimers.size;
+      raceTable.release();
+      const remainingTimerCallbacks = Array.from(frozenCheckTimers.values());
+      restoreTimers();
+      remainingTimerCallbacks.forEach(callback => callback());
+
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        tableInstance.setScrollLeft(240);
+        const frozenColumnsRemainFixed =
+          tableInstance.frozenColCount === 2 &&
+          tableInstance.scenegraph.getColGroup(0).parent === tableInstance.scenegraph.rowHeaderGroup &&
+          tableInstance.scenegraph.getColGroup(1).parent === tableInstance.scenegraph.rowHeaderGroup &&
+          tableInstance.scrollLeft > 0;
+        const visibleObserverRecovered = !tableInstance.stateManager._frozenObserver;
+        const pass =
+          visibleObserverRecovered &&
+          raceObserverRecovered &&
+          queuedFrozenCheckBeforeRelease > 0 &&
+          !checkFrozenRanAfterRelease &&
+          frozenColumnsRemainFixed &&
+          !issueWindow.__issue_4111_error__;
+
+        const observerRecovery = visibleObserverRecovered && raceObserverRecovered ? 'yes' : 'no';
+        status.textContent =
+          `${pass ? 'PASS' : 'FAIL'} | frozen=${tableInstance.frozenColCount} | ` +
+          `scrollLeft=${tableInstance.scrollLeft} | observer recovery=${observerRecovery} | ` +
+          `queued check cancelled=${queuedFrozenCheckBeforeRelease > 0 && !checkFrozenRanAfterRelease ? 'yes' : 'no'}`;
+        status.style.color = pass ? '#237804' : '#a8071a';
+        status.style.borderLeft = `4px solid ${pass ? '#52c41a' : '#ff4d4f'}`;
+        status.style.paddingLeft = '8px';
+        issueWindow.BUGSERVER_SCREENSHOT?.();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/packages/vtable/examples/frozen/issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns.ts b/packages/vtable/examples/frozen/issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ab920e069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vtable/examples/frozen/issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import * as VTable from '../../src';
+
+const CONTAINER_ID = 'vTable';
+
+function generateRecords(count: number) {
+  return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => ({
+    name: `Person ${index + 1}`,
+    age: 20 + (index % 30),
+    gender: index % 2 === 0 ? 'Male' : 'Female',
+    hobby: ['Basketball', 'Reading', 'Travel', 'Music'][index % 4]
+  }));
+}
+
+export function createTable() {
+  const container = document.getElementById(CONTAINER_ID);
+  if (!container) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  container.style.width = '0px';
+  const tableInstance = new VTable.ListTable(container, {
+    columns: [
+      { field: 'name', title: 'Name', width: 120 },
+      { field: 'age', title: 'Age', width: 120 },
+      { field: 'gender', title: 'Gender', width: 120 },
+      { field: 'hobby', title: 'Hobby', width: 120 }
+    ],
+    records: generateRecords(100),
+    defaultColWidth: 120,
+    frozenColCount: 2,
+    transpose: true
+  });
+
+  window.tableInstance = tableInstance;
+
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    container.style.width = '';
+  });
+}
diff --git a/packages/vtable/examples/menu.ts b/packages/vtable/examples/menu.ts
index a3b679f1e5..a6ad9e99ac 100644
--- a/packages/vtable/examples/menu.ts
+++ b/packages/vtable/examples/menu.ts
@@ -94,6 +94,10 @@ export const menus = [
         path: 'debug',
         name: 'issue-4186-nested-field-edit'
       },
+      {
+        path: 'debug',
+        name: 'issue-4111-transpose-frozen-observer'
+      },
       {
         path: 'debug',
         name: 'issue-5036-master-detail-search'
@@ -1227,6 +1231,10 @@ export const menus = [
   {
     menu: 'frozen',
     children: [
+      {
+        path: 'frozen',
+        name: 'issue-4111-transpose-frozen-columns'
+      },
       {
         path: 'frozen',
         name: 'list-table-bottom-frozen'
diff --git a/packages/vtable/src/core/BaseTable.ts b/packages/vtable/src/core/BaseTable.ts
index c43a2b34cc..8f880d7481 100644
--- a/packages/vtable/src/core/BaseTable.ts
+++ b/packages/vtable/src/core/BaseTable.ts
@@ -2734,6 +2734,7 @@ export abstract class BaseTable extends EventTarget implements BaseTableAPI {
     internalProps.handler?.release?.();
     // internalProps.scrollable?.release?.();
     this.eventManager.release();
+    this.stateManager.release();
     internalProps.focusControl?.release?.();
     internalProps.legends?.forEach(legend => {
       legend?.release();
diff --git a/packages/vtable/src/state/state.ts b/packages/vtable/src/state/state.ts
index f5f9060f8f..b6af718f19 100644
--- a/packages/vtable/src/state/state.ts
+++ b/packages/vtable/src/state/state.ts
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ export class StateManager {
   _clearVerticalScrollBar: any;
   _clearHorizontalScrollBar: any;
   _frozenObserver?: ResizeObserver;
+  _frozenObserverCheckTimer?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
 
   fastScrolling: boolean = false;
 
@@ -983,6 +984,9 @@ export class StateManager {
 
         // 使用 ResizeObserver 监听容器尺寸变化
         this._frozenObserver = new ResizeObserver(entries => {
+          if (this.table.isReleased) {
+            return;
+          }
           for (const entry of entries) {
             // 检查容器宽度是否变为可见
             if (entry.contentRect.width > 0) {
@@ -991,8 +995,11 @@ export class StateManager {
 
               this.table.resize();
 
-              setTimeout(() => {
-                this.checkFrozen();
+              this._frozenObserverCheckTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+                this._frozenObserverCheckTimer = undefined;
+                if (!this.table.isReleased) {
+                  this.checkFrozen();
+                }
               }, 0);
               return;
             }
@@ -1105,6 +1112,12 @@ export class StateManager {
     }
   }
 
+  release() {
+    this.clearFrozenObserver();
+    clearTimeout(this._frozenObserverCheckTimer);
+    this._frozenObserverCheckTimer = undefined;
+  }
+
   setFrozenCol(col: number) {
     if (col !== this.frozen.col) {
       // const oldFrozenCol = this.frozen.col;