@@ -400,87 +400,6 @@ impl SandboxGuard {
         })
     }
 
-    /// Create a detached scratch sandbox with pre-loaded files, then exec a
-    /// command in it.
-    ///
-    /// Equivalent to:
-    /// ```text
-    /// openshell sandbox create --detach --upload <local>:<dest> [extra_args...]
-    /// openshell sandbox exec <name> -- <command>
-    /// ```
-    ///
-    /// The `--no-git-ignore` flag is passed to avoid needing a git repository.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the CLI exits with a non-zero status or the sandbox
-    /// name cannot be parsed.
-    pub async fn create_with_upload(
-        upload_local: &str,
-        upload_dest: &str,
-        command: &[&str],
-    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
-        Self::create_with_uploads(&[(upload_local, upload_dest)], command).await
-    }
-
-    /// Create a sandbox with multiple `--upload` specs.
-    ///
-    /// Each element of `uploads` is a `(local_path, sandbox_dest)` pair.
-    /// `--no-git-ignore` is applied to all uploads.
-    pub async fn create_with_uploads(
-        uploads: &[(&str, &str)],
-        command: &[&str],
-    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
-        let mut cmd = openshell_cmd();
-        cmd.arg("sandbox").arg("create").arg("--detach");
-        add_unique_name_if_missing(&mut cmd, &[]);
-        add_test_image_if_missing(&mut cmd, &[]);
-        for (local, dest) in uploads {
-            cmd.arg("--upload").arg(format!("{local}:{dest}"));
-        }
-        cmd.arg("--no-git-ignore");
-        cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
-
-        let output = timeout(SANDBOX_READY_TIMEOUT, cmd.output())
-            .await
-            .map_err(|_| {
-                format!("sandbox create --upload timed out after {SANDBOX_READY_TIMEOUT:?}")
-            })?
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to spawn openshell: {e}"))?;
-
-        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string();
-        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).to_string();
-        let combined = format!("{stdout}{stderr}");
-
-        if !output.status.success() {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "sandbox create --upload failed (exit {:?}):\n{combined}",
-                output.status.code()
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let name = extract_sandbox_name(&combined).ok_or_else(|| {
-            format!("could not parse sandbox name from create output:\n{combined}")
-        })?;
-
-        let mut guard = Self {
-            name,
-            create_output: combined,
-            child: None,
-            cleaned_up: false,
-        };
-
-        match guard.exec(command).await {
-            Ok(exec_output) => guard.create_output.push_str(&exec_output),
-            Err(err) => {
-                guard.cleanup().await;
-                return Err(err);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(guard)
-    }
-
     /// Upload local files to the sandbox via `openshell sandbox upload`.
     ///
     /// # Arguments
 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ nextest run the tests as the library's unit tests. The crate also builds the
 | `persistent-workspace` | Files in `/sandbox` survive stop and start |
 | `policy-advisor` | `policy.local` accepts a proposed rule; a denied address or hostname yields one draft rule |
 | `file-transfer` | `sandbox upload` and `download`: round trips, `.gitignore` filtering, workspace-escape and option-looking names |
+| `create-upload` | `sandbox create --upload`: directory basename, multiple uploads, single file |
 
 `smoke` is the smallest end-to-end check that the runner can run a real test in a
 tmachine environment on CI. The other suites are ports of the old
 
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//! `sandbox create --upload`.
+//!
+//! Migrated from `e2e/rust/tests/upload_create.rs`. The behavior is not
+//! driver-specific, so it runs against any prepared gateway.
+//!
+//! `--upload` cannot be combined with a command, so these tests check the files
+//! once `create` returns, not that they arrived before a main process started.
+
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use testkit::{Context, Error, Sandbox};
+
+/// `--upload <directory>:<destination>` keeps the directory's basename under
+/// the destination and preserves nested files.
+#[testkit::test]
+async fn create_with_upload_directory_preserves_source_basename(
+    cx: &mut Context,
+) -> testkit::Result {
+    let local = scratch()?;
+    let source = local.path().join("project");
+    write(&source.join("marker.txt"), "upload-create-marker")?;
+    write(&source.join("src/main.py"), "print('hello')")?;
+
+    let sandbox = create_with_uploads(cx, "cu1", &[(&source, "/sandbox/data")]).await?;
+    expect_file(
+        &sandbox,
+        "/sandbox/data/project/marker.txt",
+        "upload-create-marker",
+    )
+    .await?;
+    expect_file(
+        &sandbox,
+        "/sandbox/data/project/src/main.py",
+        "print('hello')",
+    )
+    .await?;
+    sandbox
+        .sh("test ! -e /sandbox/data/marker.txt")
+        .await?
+        .success()?;
+    sandbox.delete().await
+}
+
+/// Several `--upload` flags on one `sandbox create` each place their files at
+/// their own destination.
+#[testkit::test]
+async fn create_with_multiple_uploads(cx: &mut Context) -> testkit::Result {
+    let local = scratch()?;
+    let alpha = local.path().join("alpha");
+    let beta = local.path().join("beta");
+    write(&alpha.join("a.txt"), "content-alpha")?;
+    write(&beta.join("b.txt"), "content-beta")?;
+
+    let sandbox = create_with_uploads(
+        cx,
+        "cu2",
+        &[(&alpha, "/sandbox/alpha"), (&beta, "/sandbox/beta")],
+    )
+    .await?;
+    expect_file(&sandbox, "/sandbox/alpha/alpha/a.txt", "content-alpha").await?;
+    expect_file(&sandbox, "/sandbox/beta/beta/b.txt", "content-beta").await?;
+    sandbox.delete().await
+}
+
+/// `--upload <file>:<destination>` places a single file at the destination.
+#[testkit::test]
+async fn create_with_upload_single_file(cx: &mut Context) -> testkit::Result {
+    let local = scratch()?;
+    let source = local.path().join("config.txt");
+    write(&source, "single-file-upload-test")?;
+
+    let sandbox = create_with_uploads(cx, "cu3", &[(&source, "/sandbox")]).await?;
+    expect_file(&sandbox, "/sandbox/config.txt", "single-file-upload-test").await?;
+    sandbox.delete().await
+}
+
+fn scratch() -> testkit::Result<tempfile::TempDir> {
+    tempfile::tempdir()
+        .map_err(|error| Error::msg(format!("create a local scratch directory: {error}")))
+}
+
+fn write(path: &Path, content: &str) -> testkit::Result {
+    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+        fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+            .map_err(|error| Error::msg(format!("create {}: {error}", parent.display())))?;
+    }
+    fs::write(path, content)
+        .map_err(|error| Error::msg(format!("write {}: {error}", path.display())))
+}
+
+/// Create a detached sandbox with one `--upload <source>:<destination>` flag
+/// per entry and return a handle to it.
+async fn create_with_uploads(
+    cx: &Context,
+    suffix: &str,
+    uploads: &[(&Path, &str)],
+) -> testkit::Result<Sandbox> {
+    let name = cx.name(suffix);
+    // Track before the CLI runs so cleanup deletes the sandbox even if the
+    // create succeeds but a later step fails.
+    cx.track(&name);
+    let mut args = vec![
+        "sandbox".to_string(),
+        "create".to_string(),
+        "--name".to_string(),
+        name.clone(),
+        "--detach".to_string(),
+    ];
+    for (source, destination) in uploads {
+        args.push("--upload".to_string());
+        args.push(format!("{}:{destination}", source.display()));
+    }
+    cx.cli(args).await?.success()?;
+    cx.adopt(&name).await
+}
+
+/// Require the sandbox file at `path` to contain exactly `expected`.
+async fn expect_file(sandbox: &Sandbox, path: &str, expected: &str) -> testkit::Result {
+    let output = sandbox.sh(&format!("cat '{path}'")).await?.success()?;
+    testkit::ensure!(
+        output.stdout == expected,
+        "{path} contains {:?}; expected {expected:?}",
+        output.stdout
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 //! program in `src/main.rs` runs them by linking this library.
 
 mod cli;
+mod create_upload;
 mod file_transfer;
 mod lifecycle;
 mod persistent_workspace;