diff --git a/crates/lantern-app/src/application.rs b/crates/lantern-app/src/application.rs
index 96326194..b498b844 100644
--- a/crates/lantern-app/src/application.rs
+++ b/crates/lantern-app/src/application.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
 
 use lantern_domain::{DriveState, ProfileId, SessionId, SlaveId};
 use lantern_profile::ValidatedDeviceProfile;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use crate::{
     AuditHealth, Authorization, BackupCaptureRequest, BackupRestoreAction, BackupRestoreEffect,
@@ -18,9 +17,11 @@ use crate::{
 mod connection;
 mod faults;
 mod monitoring;
+mod runtime;
 mod state;
 mod view;
 
+pub use runtime::{ApplicationEffectError, ApplicationRuntime, EffectRunner};
 use state::{ApplicationMonitoringState, ApplicationParameterState};
 use view::port_label;
 pub use view::{
@@ -625,38 +626,6 @@ pub enum ApplicationEffect {
     Session(SessionEffect),
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-#[error("application effect failed: {0}")]
-pub struct ApplicationEffectError(pub String);
-
-pub trait EffectRunner {
-    fn execute(&mut self, effect: ApplicationEffect) -> Result<(), ApplicationEffectError>;
-}
-
-pub struct ApplicationRuntime<R> {
-    state: ApplicationState,
-    runner: R,
-}
-
-impl<R: EffectRunner> ApplicationRuntime<R> {
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(state: ApplicationState, runner: R) -> Self {
-        Self { state, runner }
-    }
-
-    pub fn dispatch(&mut self, action: ApplicationAction) -> Result<(), ApplicationEffectError> {
-        for effect in self.state.reduce(action) {
-            self.runner.execute(effect)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub const fn state(&self) -> &ApplicationState {
-        &self.state
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
diff --git a/crates/lantern-app/src/application/runtime.rs b/crates/lantern-app/src/application/runtime.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2796041b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/lantern-app/src/application/runtime.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use super::{ApplicationAction, ApplicationEffect, ApplicationState};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+#[error("application effect failed: {0}")]
+pub struct ApplicationEffectError(pub String);
+
+pub trait EffectRunner {
+    fn execute(&mut self, effect: ApplicationEffect) -> Result<(), ApplicationEffectError>;
+}
+
+pub struct ApplicationRuntime<R> {
+    state: ApplicationState,
+    runner: R,
+}
+
+impl<R: EffectRunner> ApplicationRuntime<R> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(state: ApplicationState, runner: R) -> Self {
+        Self { state, runner }
+    }
+
+    pub fn dispatch(&mut self, action: ApplicationAction) -> Result<(), ApplicationEffectError> {
+        for effect in self.state.reduce(action) {
+            self.runner.execute(effect)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn state(&self) -> &ApplicationState {
+        &self.state
+    }
+}