diff --git a/src/main/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/XmlBeanSerializerBase.java b/src/main/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/XmlBeanSerializerBase.java
index 29db12cb..6c63e839 100644
--- a/src/main/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/XmlBeanSerializerBase.java
+++ b/src/main/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/XmlBeanSerializerBase.java
@@ -315,9 +315,11 @@ public void serializeWithType(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializationConte
             return;
         }
         // Ok: let's serialize type id as attribute, but if (and only if!)
-        // we are using AS_PROPERTY
-        if (typeSer.getTypeInclusion() == JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY) {
-            ToXmlGenerator xgen = (ToXmlGenerator)gen;
+        // we are using AS_PROPERTY -- and only when writing real XML. During
+        // convertValue()/valueToTree() `gen` is a TokenBuffer/tree generator,
+        // so skip the attribute handling (as `_serializeProperties` does).
+        if (typeSer.getTypeInclusion() == JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY
+                && gen instanceof ToXmlGenerator xgen) {
             xgen.setNextIsAttribute(true);
             super.serializeWithType(bean, gen, ctxt, typeSer);
             if (_attributeCount == 0) { // if no attributes, need to reset
@@ -333,9 +335,11 @@ protected void _serializeObjectId(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializationC
             TypeSerializer typeSer, WritableObjectId objectId)
         throws JacksonException
     {
-        // Ok: let's serialize type id as attribute, but if (and only if!) we are using AS_PROPERTY
-        if (typeSer.getTypeInclusion() == JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY) {
-            ToXmlGenerator xgen = (ToXmlGenerator)gen;
+        // Ok: let's serialize type id as attribute, but if (and only if!) we are
+        // using AS_PROPERTY -- and only when writing real XML (not a TokenBuffer
+        // from convertValue()/valueToTree()).
+        if (typeSer.getTypeInclusion() == JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY
+                && gen instanceof ToXmlGenerator xgen) {
             xgen.setNextIsAttribute(true);
             super._serializeObjectId(bean, gen, ctxt, typeSer, objectId);
             if (_attributeCount == 0) { // if no attributes, need to reset
diff --git a/src/test/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/PolymorphicConvertValueTest.java b/src/test/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/PolymorphicConvertValueTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec996777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/tools/jackson/dataformat/xml/ser/PolymorphicConvertValueTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package tools.jackson.dataformat.xml.ser;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.*;
+
+import tools.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import tools.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper;
+import tools.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlTestUtil;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+// Polymorphic beans (default `As.PROPERTY` inclusion) failed with a
+// `ClassCastException` when run through `convertValue()`/`valueToTree()`,
+// because those serialize into a `TokenBuffer`/tree generator rather than a
+// `ToXmlGenerator`, which the type-id handling cast to unconditionally.
+public class PolymorphicConvertValueTest extends XmlTestUtil
+{
+    @JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY)
+    @JsonSubTypes({ @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = Dog.class, name = "dog") })
+    static abstract class Animal {
+        public String name;
+    }
+
+    static class Dog extends Animal {
+        public int barks;
+
+        public Dog() { }
+        public Dog(String n, int b) { name = n; barks = b; }
+    }
+
+    private final XmlMapper MAPPER = newMapper();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValueToTree() throws Exception
+    {
+        Animal input = new Dog("Rex", 3);
+        JsonNode tree = MAPPER.valueToTree(input);
+        assertEquals("dog", tree.path("_type").asString());
+        assertEquals("Rex", tree.path("name").asString());
+        assertEquals(3, tree.path("barks").asInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConvertValueToMap() throws Exception
+    {
+        Animal input = new Dog("Rex", 3);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        Map<String, Object> map = MAPPER.convertValue(input, Map.class);
+        assertEquals("dog", map.get("_type"));
+        assertEquals("Rex", map.get("name"));
+        assertEquals(3, map.get("barks"));
+    }
+
+    // Real XML serialization must be unchanged: type id still written as attribute
+    @Test
+    public void testXmlSerializationUnchanged() throws Exception
+    {
+        Animal input = new Dog("Rex", 3);
+        String xml = MAPPER.writeValueAsString(input);
+        assertTrue(xml.contains("_type=\"dog\""), "should write type id as attribute: " + xml);
+    }
+}