From e1a044354e13916f6278ed04f42b18c22e0c725d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: device177 <device177@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2026 19:30:26 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] feat(client): add Russian interface localization

Add a small dependency-free i18n layer (src/client/i18n.ts) and a Russian
dictionary (src/client/locales/ru.ts). UI strings are wrapped in t()/tp(),
keyed by the English source text, so English remains the default and
unchanged. The locale follows the browser language and can be switched in
Settings > Appearance; the choice is stored in localStorage.

Server-originated messages and agent-facing prompts stay in English.
---
 docs/SETUP.md                       |   4 +
 src/client/App.tsx                  | 210 +++++----
 src/client/CallView.tsx             |  45 +-
 src/client/Chat.tsx                 |  73 +--
 src/client/ChatTranscript.tsx       |  13 +-
 src/client/ComputerPanel.tsx        | 182 ++++----
 src/client/ComputerToolCard.tsx     |  34 +-
 src/client/ConnectionActionCard.tsx |  64 +--
 src/client/ConnectionsSection.tsx   |  45 +-
 src/client/Mascot.tsx               |   6 +-
 src/client/PageConversation.tsx     |  36 +-
 src/client/PageDocument.tsx         |  82 ++--
 src/client/PageOutline.tsx          |   9 +-
 src/client/PageReviewCard.tsx       |  54 +--
 src/client/ResultPane.tsx           |  43 +-
 src/client/SpaceLibrary.tsx         |  52 +--
 src/client/SpaceNav.tsx             |   9 +-
 src/client/SpaceWorkspace.tsx       |  13 +-
 src/client/TaskActions.tsx          |  17 +-
 src/client/TaskPresentation.tsx     |  20 +-
 src/client/ThreadList.tsx           |  13 +-
 src/client/WorkspaceDialog.tsx      | 186 +++++---
 src/client/api.ts                   |  10 +-
 src/client/editor/DocumentMenu.tsx  |   5 +-
 src/client/editor/RichEditor.tsx    |  56 +--
 src/client/editor/autosave.ts       |  19 +-
 src/client/editor/markdown.ts       |  12 +-
 src/client/editor/slash-commands.ts |  47 +-
 src/client/i18n.ts                  |  72 +++
 src/client/locales/ru.ts            | 675 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/client/page-context.ts          |   3 +-
 src/client/page-review-decision.ts  |   5 +-
 src/client/poll-notice.ts           |   5 +-
 src/client/useVoice.ts              |  21 +-
 tests/i18n.test.ts                  |  57 +++
 35 files changed, 1626 insertions(+), 571 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/client/i18n.ts
 create mode 100644 src/client/locales/ru.ts
 create mode 100644 tests/i18n.test.ts

diff --git a/docs/SETUP.md b/docs/SETUP.md
index 80b0c40d..ee513c45 100644
--- a/docs/SETUP.md
+++ b/docs/SETUP.md
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ A non-empty `INTELLIGENCE_GATEWAY_WS_URL` takes precedence over `INTELLIGENCE_WS
 
 The model environment variable names follow the configured provider adapter. Provider credentials belong in `.env`, not client-side variables or source code. Conversation history lives in the configured Intelligence project; copying the SQLite file alone does not back up that history.
 
+## Interface language
+
+The interface is available in English and Russian. It follows the browser language and can be changed in Settings under Appearance; the choice is saved in this browser. Translations live in `src/client/locales/`. To add a language, add a dictionary keyed by the English source strings and register it in `src/client/i18n.ts`. Messages that come from the server (for example API errors) stay in English.
+
 ## Pages and page conversations
 
 Select a Space to open its page library. Search for a document, switch between grid and list views, or create a new page. The visual editor supports formatting, headings, lists, checklists, tables, and slash commands. Use `/` to insert a block and Cmd/Ctrl+S to save immediately. Pages autosave after editing pauses; the save status tells you whether changes reached the server.
diff --git a/src/client/App.tsx b/src/client/App.tsx
index e5cc6466..33e2c710 100644
--- a/src/client/App.tsx
+++ b/src/client/App.tsx
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import { TaskRow } from './TaskPresentation';
 import { TaskActions } from './TaskActions';
 import { WorkspaceDialog, type Dialog } from './WorkspaceDialog';
 import { submitComposerOnEnter } from './chat-composer';
+import { t, tp } from './i18n';
 
 function describeFailure(error: unknown, fallback: string) {
   return {
@@ -72,7 +73,10 @@ export function App() {
     dirtyPage.current = value;
   }, []);
   const setView = (next: typeof view) => {
-    if (dirtyPage.current && !window.confirm('Leave your unsaved page draft?'))
+    if (
+      dirtyPage.current &&
+      !window.confirm(t('Leave your unsaved page draft?'))
+    )
       return;
     dirtyPage.current = false;
     if (next !== 'space')
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ export function App() {
       if (dirtyPage.current && location.hash === acceptedHash) return;
       if (
         dirtyPage.current &&
-        !window.confirm('Leave your unsaved page draft?')
+        !window.confirm(t('Leave your unsaved page draft?'))
       ) {
         history.replaceState(null, '', acceptedHash || location.pathname);
         return;
@@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ export function App() {
       setNotices((current) =>
         applyRefreshResult(
           current,
-          describeFailure(e, 'Could not connect to the server.'),
+          describeFailure(e, t('Could not connect to the server.')),
         ),
       );
     }
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ export function App() {
           setNotices((current) =>
             applyCaptureResult(
               current,
-              describeFailure(e, 'Could not connect to the server.'),
+              describeFailure(e, t('Could not connect to the server.')),
             ),
           );
         });
@@ -193,7 +197,7 @@ export function App() {
         setTaskDetail(await api<Detail>(`/tasks/${taskDetail.task.id}`));
       return true;
     } catch (e) {
-      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Could not save.');
+      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t('Could not save.'));
       return false;
     }
   };
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ export function App() {
     try {
       const next = await api<Conversation>('/conversations', 'POST', {
         dotId: dot.id,
-        title: text?.slice(0, 80) || 'A new thought',
+        title: text?.slice(0, 80) || t('A new thought'),
       });
       await refresh();
       setSelectedThread(next.id);
@@ -241,7 +245,9 @@ export function App() {
       setMobile(false);
     } catch (e) {
       setError(
-        e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Could not create the conversation.',
+        e instanceof Error
+          ? e.message
+          : t('Could not create the conversation.'),
       );
     } finally {
       setBusy(false);
@@ -251,9 +257,11 @@ export function App() {
     return (
       <main className="unlock">
         <Mascot />
-        <h1>Your own little corner.</h1>
+        <h1>{t('Your own little corner.')}</h1>
         <p>
-          Enter the owner access token configured on this template’s server.
+          {t(
+            'Enter the owner access token configured on this template’s server.',
+          )}
         </p>
         <form
           onSubmit={async (e) => {
@@ -267,48 +275,50 @@ export function App() {
               setError(
                 err instanceof Error
                   ? err.message
-                  : 'Access token was not accepted.',
+                  : t('Access token was not accepted.'),
               );
             }
           }}
         >
           <input
             type="password"
-            aria-label="Owner access token"
+            aria-label={t('Owner access token')}
             autoComplete="current-password"
             value={auth}
             onChange={(e) => setAuth(e.target.value)}
             required
           />
-          <button className="primary">Unlock OpenDots</button>
+          <button className="primary">{t('Unlock OpenDots')}</button>
         </form>
         {error && (
           <p className="chat-error" role="alert">
             {error}
           </p>
         )}
-        <p className="muted">The token stays in this tab’s session storage.</p>
+        <p className="muted">
+          {t('The token stays in this tab’s session storage.')}
+        </p>
       </main>
     );
   if (!state || !workspace || !dot)
     return (
       <main className="unlock">
         <Mascot state="working" />
-        <h1>Finding your dots…</h1>
+        <h1>{t('Finding your dots…')}</h1>
         {error && (
           <>
             <p className="chat-error">{error}</p>
-            <button onClick={() => void refresh()}>Retry</button>
+            <button onClick={() => void refresh()}>{t('Retry')}</button>
           </>
         )}
       </main>
     );
   const content = (
     <div className={`app template-app ${navCollapsed ? 'nav-collapsed' : ''}`}>
-      <nav className="icon-rail" aria-label="Workspace navigation">
+      <nav className="icon-rail" aria-label={t('Workspace navigation')}>
         <button
           className="rail-brand"
-          aria-label="OpenDots home"
+          aria-label={t('OpenDots home')}
           onClick={() => {
             setView('chat');
             setSelectedThread(undefined);
@@ -317,32 +327,37 @@ export function App() {
           o<span>·</span>
         </button>
         <button
-          aria-label={navCollapsed ? 'Expand sidebar' : 'Collapse sidebar'}
+          aria-label={
+            navCollapsed ? t('Expand sidebar') : t('Collapse sidebar')
+          }
           onClick={() => setNavCollapsed(!navCollapsed)}
         >
           <PanelLeft size={18} />
         </button>
         <button
-          aria-label="New chat"
+          aria-label={t('New chat')}
           disabled={!configured}
           onClick={() => void newConversation()}
         >
           <Plus size={19} />
         </button>
         <button
-          aria-label="Open Spaces"
+          aria-label={t('Open Spaces')}
           onClick={() => {
             if (workspace.spaces[0]) openPage(workspace.spaces[0].id);
           }}
         >
           <Folder size={18} />
         </button>
-        <button aria-label="Open activity" onClick={() => setView('tasks')}>
+        <button
+          aria-label={t('Open activity')}
+          onClick={() => setView('tasks')}
+        >
           <Clock3 size={18} />
         </button>
         <button
           className="rail-settings"
-          aria-label="Open settings"
+          aria-label={t('Open settings')}
           onClick={() => setDialog({ type: 'settings' })}
         >
           <Settings2 size={18} />
@@ -350,7 +365,7 @@ export function App() {
       </nav>
       <button
         className="mobile-menu icon-button"
-        aria-label="Open navigation"
+        aria-label={t('Open navigation')}
         aria-expanded={mobile}
         aria-controls="workspace-sidebar"
         onClick={() => setMobile(true)}
@@ -360,7 +375,7 @@ export function App() {
       {mobile && (
         <button
           className="nav-scrim"
-          aria-label="Close navigation"
+          aria-label={t('Close navigation')}
           onClick={() => setMobile(false)}
         />
       )}
@@ -389,13 +404,13 @@ export function App() {
           onClick={() => void newConversation()}
         >
           <Plus size={17} />
-          <span>New chat</span>
+          <span>{t('New chat')}</span>
         </button>
         <div className="spaces-heading nav-label">
-          DOTS
+          {t('DOTS')}
           <button
             className="icon-button"
-            aria-label="Create Dot"
+            aria-label={t('Create Dot')}
             onClick={() =>
               setDialog({ type: 'dot', spaceId: workspace.spaces[0].id })
             }
@@ -403,7 +418,7 @@ export function App() {
             <Plus size={14} />
           </button>
         </div>
-        <nav className="dots-nav" aria-label="Dots">
+        <nav className="dots-nav" aria-label={t('Dots')}>
           {workspace.dots.map((item) => (
             <div className="dot-nav-row" key={item.id}>
               <button
@@ -418,7 +433,7 @@ export function App() {
               </button>
               <button
                 className="icon-button dot-settings"
-                aria-label={`Edit ${item.name} settings`}
+                aria-label={t('Edit {name} settings', { name: item.name })}
                 onClick={() =>
                   setDialog({ type: 'dot', dot: item, spaceId: item.spaceId })
                 }
@@ -429,16 +444,16 @@ export function App() {
           ))}
         </nav>
         <div className="spaces-heading nav-label">
-          SPACES
+          {t('SPACES')}
           <button
             className="icon-button"
-            aria-label="Create Space"
+            aria-label={t('Create Space')}
             onClick={() => setDialog({ type: 'space' })}
           >
             <Plus size={14} />
           </button>
         </div>
-        <nav className="spaces-nav" aria-label="Spaces">
+        <nav className="spaces-nav" aria-label={t('Spaces')}>
           {workspace.spaces.map((space) => (
             <SpaceNav
               key={space.id}
@@ -468,7 +483,7 @@ export function App() {
           />
         ) : (
           <div className="sidebar-empty">
-            Set up text chat to begin a persistent conversation.
+            {t('Set up text chat to begin a persistent conversation.')}
           </div>
         )}
         <div className="sidebar-bottom">
@@ -480,7 +495,7 @@ export function App() {
             }}
           >
             <Clock3 size={17} />
-            <span>Scheduled & activity</span>
+            <span>{t('Scheduled & activity')}</span>
             {state.tasks.length > 0 && <small>{state.tasks.length}</small>}
           </button>
           <button
@@ -491,7 +506,7 @@ export function App() {
             }}
           >
             <BookOpen size={17} />
-            <span>Memories</span>
+            <span>{t('Memories')}</span>
             {state.memories.length > 0 && (
               <small>{state.memories.length}</small>
             )}
@@ -501,7 +516,7 @@ export function App() {
             onClick={() => setDialog({ type: 'settings' })}
           >
             <Settings2 size={17} />
-            <span>Settings & setup</span>
+            <span>{t('Settings & setup')}</span>
           </button>
           <a
             className="nav-item"
@@ -510,11 +525,11 @@ export function App() {
             rel="noreferrer"
           >
             <Code2 size={17} />
-            <span>Make it your own</span>
+            <span>{t('Make it your own')}</span>
             <ArrowUpRight size={13} />
           </a>
           <div className="version">
-            OPEN SOURCE TEMPLATE <span>v0.1</span>
+            {t('OPEN SOURCE TEMPLATE')} <span>v0.1</span>
           </div>
         </div>
       </aside>
@@ -522,7 +537,9 @@ export function App() {
         <header className="topbar">
           <button
             className="desktop-nav-toggle document-icon"
-            aria-label={navCollapsed ? 'Show navigation' : 'Hide navigation'}
+            aria-label={
+              navCollapsed ? t('Show navigation') : t('Hide navigation')
+            }
             onClick={() => setNavCollapsed(!navCollapsed)}
           >
             <PanelLeft size={18} />
@@ -531,27 +548,29 @@ export function App() {
             <span>
               {view === 'space'
                 ? workspace.spaces.find((space) => space.id === spaceId)?.name
-                : 'Dots'}
+                : t('Dots')}
             </span>
             <span>/</span>
             <strong>
               {view === 'chat'
                 ? dot.name
                 : view === 'tasks'
-                  ? 'Activity'
+                  ? t('Activity')
                   : view === 'space'
-                    ? 'Pages'
-                    : 'Memories'}
+                    ? t('Pages')
+                    : t('Memories')}
             </strong>
           </div>
           <div className="top-actions">
             <span className="mode-badge">
-              {configured ? 'SELF-HOSTED' : 'SETUP REQUIRED'}
+              {configured ? t('SELF-HOSTED') : t('SETUP REQUIRED')}
             </span>
             <button
               className="pause-button"
               aria-label={
-                state.settings.paused ? 'Resume all Dots' : 'Pause all Dots'
+                state.settings.paused
+                  ? t('Resume all Dots')
+                  : t('Pause all Dots')
               }
               onClick={() =>
                 void mutate('/settings', 'PATCH', {
@@ -560,11 +579,11 @@ export function App() {
               }
             >
               {state.settings.paused ? <Play size={14} /> : <Pause size={14} />}
-              <span>{state.settings.paused ? 'Resume' : 'Pause'}</span>
+              <span>{state.settings.paused ? t('Resume') : t('Pause')}</span>
             </button>
             <button
               className="icon-button"
-              aria-label={pane ? 'Hide computer' : 'Show computer'}
+              aria-label={pane ? t('Hide computer') : t('Show computer')}
               aria-expanded={pane}
               onClick={() => setPane(!pane)}
             >
@@ -577,7 +596,7 @@ export function App() {
             <span>{error}</span>
             <button
               className="icon-button"
-              aria-label="Dismiss error"
+              aria-label={t('Dismiss error')}
               onClick={() => setNotices((current) => dismissNotice(current))}
             >
               <X size={16} />
@@ -586,7 +605,9 @@ export function App() {
         )}
         {state.settings.paused && (
           <div className="notice">
-            All Dots are paused. Active compute stops and scheduled tasks wait.
+            {t(
+              'All Dots are paused. Active compute stops and scheduled tasks wait.',
+            )}
           </div>
         )}
         {view === 'space' ? (
@@ -651,7 +672,7 @@ export function App() {
                         setDialog({ type: 'dot', dot, spaceId: dot.spaceId })
                       }
                     >
-                      Edit specialist <MoreHorizontal size={14} />
+                      {t('Edit specialist')} <MoreHorizontal size={14} />
                     </button>
                   </div>
                   {!configured && (
@@ -660,20 +681,22 @@ export function App() {
                         <Settings2 size={20} />
                       </span>
                       <div>
-                        <strong>Connect your Dot</strong>
+                        <strong>{t('Connect your Dot')}</strong>
                         <p>
-                          Connect your model and conversation service in
-                          Settings to start chatting. Your Spaces and Dot
-                          preferences are ready to use.
+                          {t(
+                            'Connect your model and conversation service in Settings to start chatting. Your Spaces and Dot preferences are ready to use.',
+                          )}
                         </p>
                         <p>
-                          Setup and usage metadata is collected by default.{' '}
+                          {t(
+                            'Setup and usage metadata is collected by default.',
+                          )}{' '}
                           <a
                             href="https://github.com/CopilotKit/OpenDots/blob/main/docs/SETUP-TELEMETRY.md"
                             target="_blank"
                             rel="noreferrer"
                           >
-                            Tracking and opt-out details
+                            {t('Tracking and opt-out details')}
                           </a>
                         </p>
                         <a
@@ -681,7 +704,7 @@ export function App() {
                           target="_blank"
                           rel="noreferrer"
                         >
-                          Open the setup guide <ArrowUpRight size={12} />
+                          {t('Open the setup guide')} <ArrowUpRight size={12} />
                         </a>
                       </div>
                     </div>
@@ -694,11 +717,11 @@ export function App() {
                     }}
                   >
                     <textarea
-                      aria-label="Start a conversation"
+                      aria-label={t('Start a conversation')}
                       placeholder={
                         configured
-                          ? `Message ${dot.name}…`
-                          : 'Your first conversation starts after setup.'
+                          ? t('Message {name}…', { name: dot.name })
+                          : t('Your first conversation starts after setup.')
                       }
                       value={prompt}
                       maxLength={4000}
@@ -714,11 +737,11 @@ export function App() {
                     <div className="composer-bottom">
                       <span>
                         <MessageCircle size={14} />
-                        Text and calls, one continuing conversation
+                        {t('Text and calls, one continuing conversation')}
                       </span>
                       <button
                         className="send-button"
-                        aria-label="Start conversation"
+                        aria-label={t('Start conversation')}
                         disabled={!configured || busy || !prompt.trim()}
                       >
                         <ArrowUp size={19} />
@@ -727,9 +750,9 @@ export function App() {
                   </form>
                   <div className="starter-suggestions">
                     {[
-                      'Help me think this through',
-                      'Research a public page',
-                      'Make a plan I can follow',
+                      t('Help me think this through'),
+                      t('Research a public page'),
+                      t('Make a plan I can follow'),
                     ].map((text) => (
                       <button
                         key={text}
@@ -745,12 +768,12 @@ export function App() {
                     <span
                       className={`online-dot ${workspace.setup.slack === 'online' ? '' : 'off'}`}
                     />
-                    Slack · {workspace.setup.slack.replaceAll('_', ' ')}
+                    Slack · {t(workspace.setup.slack.replaceAll('_', ' '))}
                     <button
                       className="text-button"
                       onClick={() => setDialog({ type: 'settings' })}
                     >
-                      Setup details
+                      {t('Setup details')}
                     </button>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -771,16 +794,18 @@ export function App() {
           <main className="main-content">
             <div className="page-heading">
               <div>
-                <span className="eyebrow">YOUR WORKSPACE</span>
+                <span className="eyebrow">{t('YOUR WORKSPACE')}</span>
                 <h1>
                   {view === 'memories'
-                    ? 'Memories'
-                    : 'A little follow-through.'}
+                    ? t('Memories')
+                    : t('A little follow-through.')}
                 </h1>
                 <p>
                   {view === 'memories'
-                    ? 'Preferences you choose to share with your Dots.'
-                    : 'Scheduled turns run on the server in their original conversation.'}
+                    ? t('Preferences you choose to share with your Dots.')
+                    : t(
+                        'Scheduled turns run on the server in their original conversation.',
+                      )}
                 </p>
               </div>
               {view === 'memories' && (
@@ -789,7 +814,7 @@ export function App() {
                   onClick={() => setDialog({ type: 'memory' })}
                 >
                   <Plus size={15} />
-                  Add memory
+                  {t('Add memory')}
                 </button>
               )}
             </div>
@@ -803,19 +828,19 @@ export function App() {
                       <div>
                         <small>
                           {state.settings.memoryAllowed
-                            ? 'Available to permitted Dots'
-                            : 'Memory use disabled'}
+                            ? t('Available to permitted Dots')
+                            : t('Memory use disabled')}
                         </small>
                         <button
                           className="icon-button"
-                          aria-label="Edit memory"
+                          aria-label={t('Edit memory')}
                           onClick={() => setDialog({ type: 'memory', memory })}
                         >
                           <MoreHorizontal size={17} />
                         </button>
                         <button
                           className="icon-button"
-                          aria-label="Delete memory"
+                          aria-label={t('Delete memory')}
                           onClick={() =>
                             void mutate(`/memories/${memory.id}`, 'DELETE', {})
                           }
@@ -829,10 +854,11 @@ export function App() {
                 {!state.memories.length && (
                   <div className="large-empty">
                     <Mascot />
-                    <h2>A little context goes a long way.</h2>
+                    <h2>{t('A little context goes a long way.')}</h2>
                     <p>
-                      Add a preference like “Keep my research briefs short.” You
-                      can change or remove it anytime.
+                      {t(
+                        'Add a preference like “Keep my research briefs short.” You can change or remove it anytime.',
+                      )}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                 )}
@@ -842,8 +868,8 @@ export function App() {
                 <label className="search-box">
                   <Search size={16} />
                   <input
-                    aria-label="Search tasks"
-                    placeholder="Find a task…"
+                    aria-label={t('Search tasks')}
+                    placeholder={t('Find a task…')}
                     value={search}
                     onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
                   />
@@ -868,10 +894,11 @@ export function App() {
                 {!state.tasks.length && (
                   <div className="large-empty">
                     <Clock3 size={32} />
-                    <h2>Let a thought come back around.</h2>
+                    <h2>{t('Let a thought come back around.')}</h2>
                     <p>
-                      Open a conversation and use the clock button to schedule a
-                      server-side task.
+                      {t(
+                        'Open a conversation and use the clock button to schedule a server-side task.',
+                      )}
                     </p>
                   </div>
                 )}
@@ -891,13 +918,15 @@ export function App() {
                       }
                       onSchedule={async () => {
                         const raw = window.prompt(
-                          'Repeat interval in minutes (0 removes the schedule)',
+                          t(
+                            'Repeat interval in minutes (0 removes the schedule)',
+                          ),
                           String((taskDetail.task.intervalSeconds ?? 0) / 60),
                         );
                         if (raw === null) return;
                         const value = Number(raw);
                         if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value < 0) {
-                          setError('Enter a valid number of minutes.');
+                          setError(t('Enter a valid number of minutes.'));
                           return;
                         }
                         await mutate(
@@ -919,7 +948,12 @@ export function App() {
                         {event.text}
                       </p>
                     ))}
-                    <small>{taskDetail.runs.length} saved runs</small>
+                    <small>
+                      {tp(
+                        '{count} saved run|{count} saved runs',
+                        taskDetail.runs.length,
+                      )}
+                    </small>
                   </section>
                 )}
               </>
diff --git a/src/client/CallView.tsx b/src/client/CallView.tsx
index dfdc4243..784c5f57 100644
--- a/src/client/CallView.tsx
+++ b/src/client/CallView.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 import { Mascot } from './Mascot';
 import type { Dot } from '../shared/types';
 import type { useVoice } from './useVoice';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 
 export function CallView({
   dot,
@@ -33,28 +34,30 @@ export function CallView({
   const duration = `${Math.floor(seconds / 60)}:${String(seconds % 60).padStart(2, '0')}`;
   const label =
     voice.status === 'connecting'
-      ? 'Connecting…'
+      ? t('Connecting…')
       : voice.status === 'ending'
-        ? 'Saving call…'
+        ? t('Saving call…')
         : voice.muted
-          ? 'Microphone muted'
+          ? t('Microphone muted')
           : voice.phase === 'speaking'
-            ? `${dot.name} is speaking`
+            ? t('{name} is speaking', { name: dot.name })
             : voice.phase === 'thinking'
-              ? 'Working on it…'
-              : 'Listening';
+              ? t('Working on it…')
+              : t('Listening');
   return (
     <section
       className={`call-view ${minimized ? 'minimized' : ''}`}
-      aria-label={`Voice call with ${dot.name}`}
+      aria-label={t('Voice call with {name}', { name: dot.name })}
     >
       <div className="call-heading">
         <span>
-          <span className="call-live-dot" /> Voice call
+          <span className="call-live-dot" /> {t('Voice call')}
         </span>
         <button
           className="call-minimize"
-          aria-label={minimized ? 'Expand call view' : 'Minimize call view'}
+          aria-label={
+            minimized ? t('Expand call view') : t('Minimize call view')
+          }
           onClick={() => setMinimized(!minimized)}
         >
           {minimized ? <Maximize2 size={18} /> : <ChevronDown size={20} />}
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ export function CallView({
       <div className={`call-persona ${voice.phase}`}>
         <Mascot identity={dot.id} name={dot.name} />
         <h2>{dot.name}</h2>
-        <span className="call-timer" aria-label="Call duration">
+        <span className="call-timer" aria-label={t('Call duration')}>
           {duration}
         </span>
         <p role="status">{label}</p>
@@ -72,13 +75,13 @@ export function CallView({
         <div className="call-caption" aria-live="polite">
           {voice.userCaption && (
             <p className="call-user-caption">
-              <small>You</small>
+              <small>{t('You')}</small>
               {voice.userCaption}
             </p>
           )}
           <p>
             <small>{dot.name}</small>
-            {voice.caption || 'Speak naturally. Your Dot is here with you.'}
+            {voice.caption || t('Speak naturally. Your Dot is here with you.')}
           </p>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -90,38 +93,42 @@ export function CallView({
       <div className="call-controls">
         <button
           aria-label={
-            voice.speakerMuted ? 'Enable call audio' : 'Mute call audio'
+            voice.speakerMuted ? t('Enable call audio') : t('Mute call audio')
           }
           aria-pressed={voice.speakerMuted}
           onClick={voice.toggleSpeaker}
           disabled={voice.status !== 'active'}
         >
           <span>{voice.speakerMuted ? <VolumeX /> : <Volume2 />}</span>
-          <small>Speaker</small>
+          <small>{t('Speaker')}</small>
         </button>
         <button
           className="call-end"
-          aria-label="End voice call"
+          aria-label={t('End voice call')}
           onClick={() => void voice.end()}
           disabled={voice.status === 'ending'}
         >
           <span>
             <PhoneOff />
           </span>
-          <small>End</small>
+          <small>{t('End')}</small>
         </button>
         <button
-          aria-label={voice.muted ? 'Unmute microphone' : 'Mute microphone'}
+          aria-label={
+            voice.muted ? t('Unmute microphone') : t('Mute microphone')
+          }
           aria-pressed={voice.muted}
           onClick={voice.toggleMute}
           disabled={voice.status !== 'active'}
         >
           <span>{voice.muted ? <MicOff /> : <Mic />}</span>
-          <small>{voice.muted ? 'Unmute' : 'Mute'}</small>
+          <small>{voice.muted ? t('Unmute') : t('Mute')}</small>
         </button>
       </div>
       {!minimized && (
-        <p className="call-footer">Text and voice share this conversation</p>
+        <p className="call-footer">
+          {t('Text and voice share this conversation')}
+        </p>
       )}
     </section>
   );
diff --git a/src/client/Chat.tsx b/src/client/Chat.tsx
index 54f6bf20..eab8ca89 100644
--- a/src/client/Chat.tsx
+++ b/src/client/Chat.tsx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import { Mascot } from './Mascot';
 import { useVoice } from './useVoice';
 import { CallView } from './CallView';
 import { shouldSubmitComposerOnKeyDown } from './chat-composer';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 
 export function Chat({
   thread,
@@ -87,7 +88,9 @@ export function Chat({
       .catch(() => {
         if (active)
           setContextError(
-            'Conversation context could not load. Retry before sending your message.',
+            t(
+              'Conversation context could not load. Retry before sending your message.',
+            ),
           );
       });
     return () => {
@@ -140,7 +143,9 @@ export function Chat({
       .catch((e) => {
         if (active)
           setError(
-            e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Conversation could not connect.',
+            e instanceof Error
+              ? e.message
+              : t('Conversation could not connect.'),
           );
       });
     return () => {
@@ -164,14 +169,16 @@ export function Chat({
       const result = await copilotkit.runAgent({ agent });
       if (!result.newMessages.some((message) => message.role === 'assistant'))
         throw new Error(
-          'The current turn returned no response. Check the runtime connection and retry.',
+          t(
+            'The current turn returned no response. Check the runtime connection and retry.',
+          ),
         );
       onSaved();
     } catch (e) {
       setRunError(
         e instanceof Error
           ? e.message
-          : 'The turn failed. Your conversation remains saved.',
+          : t('The turn failed. Your conversation remains saved.'),
       );
     } finally {
       setRunning(false);
@@ -271,21 +278,21 @@ export function Chat({
           <strong>{dot.name}</strong>
           <span>
             {paused
-              ? 'Paused'
+              ? t('Paused')
               : running
-                ? 'Thinking…'
+                ? t('Thinking…')
                 : loaded && contextReady
-                  ? 'Here with you'
-                  : 'Connecting to your conversation…'}
+                  ? t('Here with you')
+                  : t('Connecting to your conversation…')}
           </span>
         </div>
         <div className="chat-persona-actions">
           <button
             className="icon-button"
-            aria-label="Save conversation as page"
+            aria-label={t('Save conversation as page')}
             disabled={running}
             onClick={async () => {
-              const title = window.prompt('Page title', thread.title);
+              const title = window.prompt(t('Page title'), thread.title);
               if (!title) return;
               try {
                 const page = await api<Page>(
@@ -298,7 +305,7 @@ export function Chat({
                 setError(
                   e instanceof Error
                     ? e.message
-                    : 'Could not save conversation.',
+                    : t('Could not save conversation.'),
                 );
               }
             }}
@@ -307,7 +314,7 @@ export function Chat({
           </button>
           <button
             className="icon-button"
-            aria-label="Schedule a task in this conversation"
+            aria-label={t('Schedule a task in this conversation')}
             onClick={onSchedule}
           >
             <Clock3 size={18} />
@@ -315,12 +322,14 @@ export function Chat({
           <button
             className={`icon-button ${voice.status === 'active' ? 'on-call' : ''}`}
             aria-label={
-              voice.status === 'idle' ? 'Start voice call' : 'End voice call'
+              voice.status === 'idle'
+                ? t('Start voice call')
+                : t('End voice call')
             }
             title={
               voiceReady
-                ? 'Talk with your Dot'
-                : 'Voice setup requires VOICE_API_KEY and VOICE_MODEL'
+                ? t('Talk with your Dot')
+                : t('Voice setup requires VOICE_API_KEY and VOICE_MODEL')
             }
             disabled={!voiceReady || paused || !loaded || !contextReady}
             onClick={() =>
@@ -337,7 +346,7 @@ export function Chat({
       </header>
       {pageContext && (
         <div className="page-chat-context">
-          Working on{' '}
+          {t('Working on')}{' '}
           <a href={`/#/spaces/${pageContext.spaceId}/pages/${pageContext.id}`}>
             {pageContext.title}
           </a>
@@ -346,11 +355,13 @@ export function Chat({
       <div className="chat-transcript">
         {!visible.length && (
           <div className="chat-welcome">
-            <span className="eyebrow">A LITTLE SPACE TO THINK</span>
-            <h1>What’s on your mind?</h1>
+            <span className="eyebrow">{t('A LITTLE SPACE TO THINK')}</span>
+            <h1>{t('What’s on your mind?')}</h1>
             <p>{dot.instructions}</p>
             <p className="muted">
-              Your conversation stays with this Dot, across text and calls.
+              {t(
+                'Your conversation stays with this Dot, across text and calls.',
+              )}
             </p>
           </div>
         )}
@@ -369,7 +380,7 @@ export function Chat({
             <span />
             <span />
             <span />
-            <span>{dot.name} is thinking</span>
+            <span>{t('{name} is thinking', { name: dot.name })}</span>
           </div>
         )}
         <div ref={bottom} />
@@ -378,7 +389,7 @@ export function Chat({
         <div className="chat-error" role="alert">
           {contextError}
           <button onClick={() => setContextAttempt((value) => value + 1)}>
-            Retry context
+            {t('Retry context')}
           </button>
         </div>
       )}
@@ -396,7 +407,7 @@ export function Chat({
                   .catch((e) => setError(e.message));
               }}
             >
-              Reconnect
+              {t('Reconnect')}
             </button>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -417,7 +428,7 @@ export function Chat({
           <div className="source-input">
             <Link2 size={15} />
             <input
-              aria-label="Source page URL"
+              aria-label={t('Source page URL')}
               type="url"
               value={source}
               onChange={(e) => setSource(e.target.value)}
@@ -426,7 +437,7 @@ export function Chat({
             <button
               type="button"
               className="icon-button"
-              aria-label="Remove source"
+              aria-label={t('Remove source')}
               onClick={() => {
                 setSourceOpen(false);
                 setSource('');
@@ -440,14 +451,14 @@ export function Chat({
           <button
             type="button"
             className="icon-button"
-            aria-label="Add source page link"
+            aria-label={t('Add source page link')}
             onClick={() => setSourceOpen(!sourceOpen)}
           >
             <Link2 size={19} />
           </button>
           <textarea
-            aria-label="Message your Dot"
-            placeholder={`Message ${dot.name}…`}
+            aria-label={t('Message your Dot')}
+            placeholder={t('Message {name}…', { name: dot.name })}
             rows={1}
             value={draft}
             maxLength={4000}
@@ -463,7 +474,7 @@ export function Chat({
             <button
               type="button"
               className="send-button"
-              aria-label="Stop response"
+              aria-label={t('Stop response')}
               onClick={() => copilotkit.stopAgent({ agent })}
             >
               <Square size={16} />
@@ -471,7 +482,7 @@ export function Chat({
           ) : (
             <button
               className="send-button"
-              aria-label="Send message"
+              aria-label={t('Send message')}
               disabled={!draft.trim() || !loaded || !contextReady || paused}
             >
               <ArrowUp size={19} />
@@ -480,8 +491,8 @@ export function Chat({
         </div>
         <div className="chat-compose-note">
           {voiceReady
-            ? 'Text and voice, one conversation.'
-            : 'Text is ready. Voice needs separate server configuration.'}
+            ? t('Text and voice, one conversation.')
+            : t('Text is ready. Voice needs separate server configuration.')}
         </div>
       </form>
     </div>
diff --git a/src/client/ChatTranscript.tsx b/src/client/ChatTranscript.tsx
index 2e34d0da..f6df41d3 100644
--- a/src/client/ChatTranscript.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ChatTranscript.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type { AssistantMessage, Message } from '@ag-ui/core';
 import type { CallReceipt } from '../shared/types';
 import { voiceReceiptMessagePrefix } from '../shared/voice-receipt';
 import { isScheduledTaskMessage } from '../shared/scheduled-message';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 // These markers only control rendering; they do not confer trust or permissions.
 export function isInternalVoiceReceipt(message: Message): boolean {
   const metadata = message.metadata;
@@ -24,10 +25,12 @@ function Receipt({ call }: { call: CallReceipt }) {
       <PhoneOff size={13} />
       <span>
         {call.status === 'failed'
-          ? 'Call failed'
+          ? t('Call failed')
           : call.endedAt
-            ? `${Math.round((call.endedAt - call.startedAt) / 1000)}s · Call ended`
-            : 'Call in progress'}
+            ? t('{seconds}s · Call ended', {
+                seconds: Math.round((call.endedAt - call.startedAt) / 1000),
+              })
+            : t('Call in progress')}
       </span>
       {call.error && <small>{call.error}</small>}
     </div>
@@ -59,7 +62,9 @@ export function ChatTranscript({
               className={`chat-bubble ${message.role}${isScheduledTaskMessage(message) ? ' scheduled' : ''}`}
             >
               {isScheduledTaskMessage(message) && (
-                <span className="scheduled-message-label">Scheduled</span>
+                <span className="scheduled-message-label">
+                  {t('Scheduled')}
+                </span>
               )}
               <ReactMarkdown
                 components={{
diff --git a/src/client/ComputerPanel.tsx b/src/client/ComputerPanel.tsx
index ff769e85..00511f4b 100644
--- a/src/client/ComputerPanel.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ComputerPanel.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import type { Dot } from '../shared/types';
 import type { ComputerAction, ComputerStatus } from '../shared/computer-types';
 import { api } from './api';
+import { dateLocale, t } from './i18n';
 
 type Screen = {
   base64: string;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
             setScreenError(
               cause instanceof Error
                 ? cause.message
-                : 'Could not refresh the screen.',
+                : t('Could not refresh the screen.'),
             );
           }
         }
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
         setError(
           cause instanceof Error
             ? cause.message
-            : 'Could not load the computer.',
+            : t('Could not load the computer.'),
         );
         setScreen(undefined);
       }
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
     } catch (cause) {
       if (!lifecycle.current.active) return;
       const message =
-        cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : 'Computer action failed.';
+        cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : t('Computer action failed.');
       // Status polling clears the panel error, so keep output action failures
       // next to the output they replace.
       if (showOutput) {
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
   return (
     <section
       className="computer-panel"
-      aria-label={`${dot.name}'s computer`}
+      aria-label={t("{name}'s computer", { name: dot.name })}
       aria-busy={busy}
     >
       {error && (
@@ -179,35 +180,39 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
       )}
       {!status ? (
         <p role="status">
-          {error ? 'Computer status unavailable.' : 'Loading computer…'}
+          {error ? t('Computer status unavailable.') : t('Loading computer…')}
         </p>
       ) : (
         <>
           <div className="computer-status">
-            <strong>{status.state.replaceAll('_', ' ')}</strong>
+            <strong>{t(status.state.replaceAll('_', ' '))}</strong>
             {status.state !== 'running' && (
               <button disabled={busy} onClick={() => void refresh()}>
-                Refresh
+                {t('Refresh')}
               </button>
             )}
             <span>
-              {busy ? 'Working…' : human ? 'You have control' : 'Dot control'}
+              {busy
+                ? t('Working…')
+                : human
+                  ? t('You have control')
+                  : t('Dot control')}
             </span>
           </div>
           {!status.configured && (
             <div className="computer-setup">
-              <h3>Connect a computer service</h3>
+              <h3>{t('Connect a computer service')}</h3>
               <p>
-                This Dot does not have a computer service configured. Configure
-                the server’s computer service URL and token, then restart. Each
-                Dot gets its own browser and workspace.
+                {t(
+                  'This Dot does not have a computer service configured. Configure the server’s computer service URL and token, then restart. Each Dot gets its own browser and workspace.',
+                )}
               </p>
               <a
                 href="https://github.com/CopilotKit/OpenDots/blob/main/docs/COMPUTERS.md"
                 target="_blank"
                 rel="noreferrer"
               >
-                Computer setup guide ↗
+                {t('Computer setup guide')} ↗
               </a>
             </div>
           )}
@@ -219,7 +224,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
           <div
             className="computer-tool-tabs"
             role="tablist"
-            aria-label="Computer tools"
+            aria-label={t('Computer tools')}
           >
             {(['Browser', 'Files', 'Terminal', 'Activity'] as const).map(
               (name) => (
@@ -229,7 +234,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                   key={name}
                   onClick={() => setTab(name)}
                 >
-                  {name}
+                  {t(name)}
                 </button>
               ),
             )}
@@ -241,7 +246,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                 hidden={tab !== 'Browser'}
               >
                 {!status.permissions.browser && (
-                  <p>Enable Browser permission to use the screen.</p>
+                  <p>{t('Enable Browser permission to use the screen.')}</p>
                 )}
                 <form
                   className="computer-row"
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                 >
                   <input
                     type="url"
-                    aria-label="Browser URL"
+                    aria-label={t('Browser URL')}
                     placeholder="https://example.com"
                     value={url}
                     onChange={(event) => setUrl(event.target.value)}
@@ -260,7 +265,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     disabled={!browser || busy || human}
                   />
                   <button disabled={!browser || busy || human || !url.trim()}>
-                    Go
+                    {t('Go')}
                   </button>
                 </form>
                 {screenError && (
@@ -271,14 +276,14 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                 {screen ? (
                   <>
                     <div className="computer-current-url" title={screen.url}>
-                      {screen.url || 'Browser screen'}
+                      {screen.url || t('Browser screen')}
                     </div>
                     <button
                       className="computer-screen"
                       aria-label={
                         human
-                          ? 'Click a point on the computer screen'
-                          : 'Computer screen; take control to interact'
+                          ? t('Click a point on the computer screen')
+                          : t('Computer screen; take control to interact')
                       }
                       disabled={!browser || !human || busy}
                       onClick={(event) => {
@@ -310,25 +315,36 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     >
                       <img
                         src={`data:image/png;base64,${screen.base64}`}
-                        alt={`Live browser screen for ${dot.name}`}
+                        alt={t('Live browser screen for {name}', {
+                          name: dot.name,
+                        })}
                       />
                     </button>
                     <small>
-                      Refreshed{' '}
-                      {new Date(screen.capturedAt).toLocaleTimeString()}. Screen
-                      updates while this panel is open.
+                      {t(
+                        'Refreshed {time}. Screen updates while this panel is open.',
+                        {
+                          time: new Date(screen.capturedAt).toLocaleTimeString(
+                            dateLocale,
+                          ),
+                        },
+                      )}
                     </small>
                   </>
                 ) : (
                   <p className="computer-screen-empty">
                     {running && status.permissions.browser
-                      ? 'Waiting for the browser screen…'
-                      : 'Start the computer with Browser permission to see its screen.'}
+                      ? t('Waiting for the browser screen…')
+                      : t(
+                          'Start the computer with Browser permission to see its screen.',
+                        )}
                   </p>
                 )}
                 <div className="computer-control-pill">
                   <span>
-                    {human ? 'You have control' : `${dot.name} has control`}
+                    {human
+                      ? t('You have control')
+                      : t('{name} has control', { name: dot.name })}
                   </span>
                   <button
                     disabled={
@@ -338,19 +354,19 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     }
                     onClick={() => void run(human ? '/release' : '/take')}
                   >
-                    {human ? 'Return control' : 'Take over'}
+                    {human ? t('Return control') : t('Take over')}
                   </button>
                 </div>
                 {status.control?.transitioning && (
-                  <p role="status">Transferring control…</p>
+                  <p role="status">{t('Transferring control…')}</p>
                 )}
                 {human && (
                   <details className="computer-human">
-                    <summary>Keyboard & precise controls</summary>
+                    <summary>{t('Keyboard & precise controls')}</summary>
                     <p>
-                      Click the screen or enter coordinates below. Text goes
-                      directly to this browser, outside chat. Return control
-                      when finished.
+                      {t(
+                        'Click the screen or enter coordinates below. Text goes directly to this browser, outside chat. Return control when finished.',
+                      )}
                     </p>
                     <form
                       className="computer-row"
@@ -390,7 +406,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                         />
                       </label>
                       <button disabled={busy || !browser || !screen}>
-                        Click
+                        {t('Click')}
                       </button>
                     </form>
                     <form
@@ -404,14 +420,16 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     >
                       <input
                         type="password"
-                        aria-label="Text to type into computer"
-                        placeholder="Type into focused field"
+                        aria-label={t('Text to type into computer')}
+                        placeholder={t('Type into focused field')}
                         autoComplete="off"
                         value={text}
                         maxLength={20000}
                         onChange={(event) => setText(event.target.value)}
                       />
-                      <button disabled={busy || !browser || !text}>Type</button>
+                      <button disabled={busy || !browser || !text}>
+                        {t('Type')}
+                      </button>
                     </form>
                     <form
                       className="computer-row"
@@ -421,7 +439,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                       }}
                     >
                       <select
-                        aria-label="Key to press"
+                        aria-label={t('Key to press')}
                         value={key}
                         onChange={(event) => setKey(event.target.value)}
                       >
@@ -438,7 +456,9 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                           <option key={name}>{name}</option>
                         ))}
                       </select>
-                      <button disabled={busy || !browser}>Press key</button>
+                      <button disabled={busy || !browser}>
+                        {t('Press key')}
+                      </button>
                     </form>
                     <div className="computer-actions">
                       <button
@@ -447,7 +467,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                           void action('human_scroll', { deltaY: -500 })
                         }
                       >
-                        Scroll up
+                        {t('Scroll up')}
                       </button>
                       <button
                         disabled={busy || !browser}
@@ -455,7 +475,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                           void action('human_scroll', { deltaY: 500 })
                         }
                       >
-                        Scroll down
+                        {t('Scroll down')}
                       </button>
                     </div>
                   </details>
@@ -466,14 +486,16 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                 open
                 hidden={tab !== 'Files'}
               >
-                <summary>Workspace files</summary>
-                <p>Paths are relative to this Dot’s persistent workspace.</p>
+                <summary>{t('Workspace files')}</summary>
+                <p>
+                  {t('Paths are relative to this Dot’s persistent workspace.')}
+                </p>
                 <label>
-                  Path
+                  {t('Path')}
                   <input
                     value={path}
                     onChange={(event) => setPath(event.target.value)}
-                    placeholder="notes.txt"
+                    placeholder={t('notes.txt')}
                     disabled={!running || !status.permissions.files || busy}
                   />
                 </label>
@@ -482,7 +504,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     disabled={!running || !status.permissions.files || busy}
                     onClick={() => void action('files_list', { path }, true)}
                   >
-                    List files
+                    {t('List files')}
                   </button>
                   <button
                     disabled={
@@ -506,13 +528,13 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                       )
                     }
                   >
-                    Read file
+                    {t('Read file')}
                   </button>
                 </div>
                 <label>
-                  File contents
+                  {t('File contents')}
                   <textarea
-                    aria-label="File contents to save"
+                    aria-label={t('File contents to save')}
                     value={contents}
                     onChange={(event) => setContents(event.target.value)}
                     disabled={!running || !status.permissions.files || busy}
@@ -531,11 +553,13 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     void action('files_write', { path, contents }, true)
                   }
                 >
-                  Save file (replace contents)
+                  {t('Save file (replace contents)')}
                 </button>
                 {!status.permissions.files && (
                   <p>
-                    Enable Workspace files permission to use these controls.
+                    {t(
+                      'Enable Workspace files permission to use these controls.',
+                    )}
                   </p>
                 )}
               </details>
@@ -544,10 +568,11 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                 open
                 hidden={tab !== 'Terminal'}
               >
-                <summary>Terminal</summary>
+                <summary>{t('Terminal')}</summary>
                 <p>
-                  Runs inside this Dot’s computer. Commands stop after 30
-                  seconds.
+                  {t(
+                    'Runs inside this Dot’s computer. Commands stop after 30 seconds.',
+                  )}
                 </p>
                 <form
                   onSubmit={(event) => {
@@ -556,7 +581,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                   }}
                 >
                   <textarea
-                    aria-label="Terminal command"
+                    aria-label={t('Terminal command')}
                     value={command}
                     onChange={(event) => setCommand(event.target.value)}
                     maxLength={8000}
@@ -572,17 +597,19 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                       !command.trim()
                     }
                   >
-                    Run command
+                    {t('Run command')}
                   </button>
                 </form>
                 {!status.permissions.shell && (
-                  <p>Enable Terminal commands permission to run commands.</p>
+                  <p>
+                    {t('Enable Terminal commands permission to run commands.')}
+                  </p>
                 )}
               </details>
               {(output || outputError) &&
                 (tab === 'Files' || tab === 'Terminal') && (
                   <section className="computer-section">
-                    <h3>Output</h3>
+                    <h3>{t('Output')}</h3>
                     {outputError && (
                       <p className="computer-error" role="alert">
                         {outputError}
@@ -595,7 +622,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                         setOutputError('');
                       }}
                     >
-                      Clear output
+                      {t('Clear output')}
                     </button>
                   </section>
                 )}
@@ -606,7 +633,7 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
             open
             hidden={tab !== 'Activity'}
           >
-            <summary>Recent activity</summary>
+            <summary>{t('Recent activity')}</summary>
             {status.audit.length ? (
               <ol className="computer-audit">
                 {status.audit
@@ -614,27 +641,31 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                   .reverse()
                   .map((entry) => (
                     <li key={entry.id}>
-                      <strong>{entry.action.replaceAll('_', ' ')}</strong>
+                      <strong>{t(entry.action.replaceAll('_', ' '))}</strong>
                       <span>
                         {entry.actor} · {entry.outcome} ·{' '}
-                        {new Date(entry.createdAt).toLocaleTimeString()}
+                        {new Date(entry.createdAt).toLocaleTimeString(
+                          dateLocale,
+                        )}
                       </span>
                     </li>
                   ))}
               </ol>
             ) : (
-              <p>No computer actions yet.</p>
+              <p>{t('No computer actions yet.')}</p>
             )}
           </details>
           <details className="computer-settings">
-            <summary>Computer settings</summary>{' '}
+            <summary>{t('Computer settings')}</summary>{' '}
             <details
               className="computer-permissions"
               open={!status.permissions.enabled}
             >
-              <summary>Computer permissions</summary>
+              <summary>{t('Computer permissions')}</summary>
               <p>
-                Choose what {dot.name} and the computer controls can access.
+                {t('Choose what {name} and the computer controls can access.', {
+                  name: dot.name,
+                })}
               </p>
               {(['enabled', 'browser', 'files', 'shell'] as const).map(
                 (permission) => (
@@ -653,10 +684,10 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                     />
                     {
                       {
-                        enabled: 'Enable this computer',
-                        browser: 'Browser',
-                        files: 'Workspace files',
-                        shell: 'Terminal commands',
+                        enabled: t('Enable this computer'),
+                        browser: t('Browser'),
+                        files: t('Workspace files'),
+                        shell: t('Terminal commands'),
                       }[permission]
                     }
                   </label>
@@ -673,18 +704,19 @@ export function ComputerPanel({ dot }: { dot: Dot }) {
                 }
                 onClick={() => void run('/start')}
               >
-                Start computer
+                {t('Start computer')}
               </button>
               <button
                 disabled={busy || status.state !== 'running'}
                 onClick={() => void run('/stop')}
               >
-                Stop computer
+                {t('Stop computer')}
               </button>
             </div>
             <p className="computer-hint">
-              Stopping retains this Dot’s workspace files. Browser sessions may
-              require signing in again.
+              {t(
+                'Stopping retains this Dot’s workspace files. Browser sessions may require signing in again.',
+              )}
             </p>
           </details>
         </>
diff --git a/src/client/ComputerToolCard.tsx b/src/client/ComputerToolCard.tsx
index 1e9a0084..899a67ab 100644
--- a/src/client/ComputerToolCard.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ComputerToolCard.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { ArrowUpRight, FileText, Monitor, Terminal } from 'lucide-react';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { api } from './api';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 
 const screenSchema = z.object({
   base64: z
@@ -81,14 +82,14 @@ export function ComputerToolCard({
     !!error ||
     (typeof data.exitCode === 'number' && data.exitCode !== 0);
   const state = interrupted
-    ? 'Interrupted'
+    ? t('Interrupted')
     : failed
-      ? 'Needs attention'
+      ? t('Needs attention')
       : complete
-        ? 'Finished'
+        ? t('Finished')
         : running
-          ? 'Working'
-          : 'Interrupted';
+          ? t('Working')
+          : t('Interrupted');
   const detail =
     typeof parameters.url === 'string'
       ? parameters.url
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ export function ComputerToolCard({
             setScreenError(
               cause instanceof Error
                 ? cause.message
-                : 'Computer preview unavailable.',
+                : t('Computer preview unavailable.'),
             );
           }
         }
@@ -144,18 +145,23 @@ export function ComputerToolCard({
   return (
     <section
       className={`inline-computer ${showScreen ? 'with-screen' : ''}`}
-      aria-label={`${dotName} computer: ${labels[action] ?? action}`}
+      aria-label={t('{name} computer: {action}', {
+        name: dotName,
+        action: labels[action] ? t(labels[action]) : action,
+      })}
     >
       <header>
         <Icon size={16} aria-hidden="true" />
-        <strong>{labels[action] ?? 'Using computer'}</strong>
+        <strong>
+          {labels[action] ? t(labels[action]) : t('Using computer')}
+        </strong>
         <span className={failed ? 'tool-state failed' : 'tool-state'}>
           {state}
         </span>
         {onExpand && (
           <button
             type="button"
-            aria-label={`Expand ${dotName} computer`}
+            aria-label={t('Expand {name} computer', { name: dotName })}
             onClick={onExpand}
           >
             <ArrowUpRight size={16} />
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ export function ComputerToolCard({
       {error && <p role="alert">{error}</p>}
       {interruption && <p role="status">{interruption}</p>}
       {action === 'exec' && complete && typeof data.stdout === 'string' && (
-        <pre aria-label="Computer terminal output">
+        <pre aria-label={t('Computer terminal output')}>
           {data.stdout.slice(0, 4000)}
         </pre>
       )}
@@ -182,18 +188,20 @@ export function ComputerToolCard({
         <div className="inline-computer-preview">
           <div className="inline-computer-caption">
             <span className="live-indicator" />
-            {dotName}’s computer · Current browser view
+            {t('{name}’s computer · Current browser view', { name: dotName })}
           </div>
           {screen && (
             <img
               src={`data:image/png;base64,${screen.base64}`}
-              alt={`Current browser view from ${dotName}'s computer`}
+              alt={t("Current browser view from {name}'s computer", {
+                name: dotName,
+              })}
             />
           )}
           {screenError ? (
             <p role="status">{screenError}</p>
           ) : (
-            !screen && <p role="status">Connecting to computer…</p>
+            !screen && <p role="status">{t('Connecting to computer…')}</p>
           )}
           {screen && <div className="inline-computer-url">{screen.url}</div>}
         </div>
diff --git a/src/client/ConnectionActionCard.tsx b/src/client/ConnectionActionCard.tsx
index bbf3c275..e27cba71 100644
--- a/src/client/ConnectionActionCard.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ConnectionActionCard.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 } from '../shared/connection-types';
 import { api } from './api';
 import { computerToolResult } from './ComputerToolCard';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 type Receipt = {
   approvalId: string | null;
   status: 'running' | 'interrupted' | 'done';
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
           setApprovalError(
             cause instanceof Error
               ? cause.message
-              : 'Could not load this request.',
+              : t('Could not load this request.'),
           ),
       );
     return () => {
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
             setError(
               cause instanceof Error
                 ? cause.message
-                : 'Could not check this action.',
+                : t('Could not check this action.'),
             );
         });
     setError('');
@@ -124,7 +125,9 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
       await respond({ approved: true, ...value });
     } catch (cause) {
       setError(
-        cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : 'Could not run this action.',
+        cause instanceof Error
+          ? cause.message
+          : t('Could not run this action.'),
       );
     } finally {
       pending.current = false;
@@ -135,36 +138,36 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
   return (
     <section
       className="page-review-card connection-action-card"
-      aria-label="Approve connected-service action"
+      aria-label={t('Approve connected-service action')}
     >
       <header>
         <PlugZap size={17} />
         <strong>
           {approval
             ? `${approval.connection} · ${approval.title}`
-            : 'Connected service'}
+            : t('Connected service')}
         </strong>
         <span>
           {approved
             ? outcome?.isError
-              ? 'Failed'
-              : 'Approved'
+              ? t('Failed')
+              : t('Approved')
             : declined
-              ? 'Declined'
+              ? t('Declined')
               : running
-                ? 'Running'
+                ? t('Running')
                 : interrupted
-                  ? 'Interrupted'
+                  ? t('Interrupted')
                   : finished
-                    ? 'Ended'
+                    ? t('Ended')
                     : !ready
-                      ? 'Checking'
-                      : 'Needs your approval'}
+                      ? t('Checking')
+                      : t('Needs your approval')}
         </span>
       </header>
       <div className="page-review-body">
         <h3>
-          {action.success ? action.data.summary : 'Preparing the action…'}
+          {action.success ? action.data.summary : t('Preparing the action…')}
         </h3>
         {entries.length > 0 && (
           <dl className="connection-action-args">
@@ -178,16 +181,17 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
         )}
         {mismatch && (
           <div className="connection-action-result failed">
-            <strong>Cannot run</strong>
+            <strong>{t('Cannot run')}</strong>
             <pre>
-              This card’s saved result belongs to a different approval request.
-              Nothing was run for this one.
+              {t(
+                'This card’s saved result belongs to a different approval request. Nothing was run for this one.',
+              )}
             </pre>
           </div>
         )}
         {approvalError && !outcome && (
           <div className="connection-action-result failed">
-            <strong>Cannot run</strong>
+            <strong>{t('Cannot run')}</strong>
             <pre>{approvalError}</pre>
           </div>
         )}
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
             className={`connection-action-result ${outcome.isError ? 'failed' : ''}`}
           >
             <strong>
-              {outcome.isError ? 'Service error' : 'Service response'}
+              {outcome.isError ? t('Service error') : t('Service response')}
             </strong>
             <pre>{outcome.text}</pre>
           </div>
@@ -206,7 +210,7 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
       <footer>
         {!ready && error && (
           <button type="button" onClick={() => setAttempt((n) => n + 1)}>
-            Retry
+            {t('Retry')}
           </button>
         )}
         {!finished && respond && ready && !running && !mismatch && (
@@ -219,12 +223,12 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
             >
               <Check size={15} />
               {busy
-                ? 'Running…'
+                ? t('Running…')
                 : outcome
-                  ? 'Continue conversation'
+                  ? t('Continue conversation')
                   : interrupted
-                    ? 'Retry & run'
-                    : 'Approve & run'}
+                    ? t('Retry & run')
+                    : t('Approve & run')}
             </button>
             {!outcome && (
               <button
@@ -232,19 +236,23 @@ export function ConnectionActionCard({
                 disabled={busy}
                 onClick={() => void decide(false)}
               >
-                Decline
+                {t('Decline')}
               </button>
             )}
           </>
         )}
         <small>
           {running
-            ? 'This action is still running on the server.'
+            ? t('This action is still running on the server.')
             : interrupted
-              ? 'No result was saved for the previous run. Retrying can repeat the action if the service completed it before the interruption.'
+              ? t(
+                  'No result was saved for the previous run. Retrying can repeat the action if the service completed it before the interruption.',
+                )
               : approved || declined || finished
                 ? ''
-                : 'Nothing runs until you approve. These are the exact arguments.'}
+                : t(
+                    'Nothing runs until you approve. These are the exact arguments.',
+                  )}
         </small>
       </footer>
     </section>
diff --git a/src/client/ConnectionsSection.tsx b/src/client/ConnectionsSection.tsx
index 9b4c9234..c5deff3b 100644
--- a/src/client/ConnectionsSection.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ConnectionsSection.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState, type KeyboardEvent } from 'react';
 import { PlugZap, RefreshCw, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Connection } from '../shared/connection-types';
 import { api } from './api';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 // Lives inside the Dot form, so it saves immediately through its own
 // requests and keeps Enter from submitting the surrounding form.
 const stayInSection = (event: KeyboardEvent) => {
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
           setError(
             cause instanceof Error
               ? cause.message
-              : 'Could not load connections.',
+              : t('Could not load connections.'),
           ),
       );
     return () => {
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
     try {
       return await request();
     } catch (cause) {
-      setError(cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : 'Request failed.');
+      setError(cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : t('Request failed.'));
     } finally {
       setBusy('');
     }
@@ -66,11 +67,11 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
   };
   return (
     <fieldset className="space-access-fields connections-fields">
-      <legend>Connections</legend>
+      <legend>{t('Connections')}</legend>
       <p className="muted">
-        Give this Dot tools from MCP servers. Read-only tools run on their own;
-        anything else asks you in chat before it runs. Tokens stay on the
-        server.
+        {t(
+          'Give this Dot tools from MCP servers. Read-only tools run on their own; anything else asks you in chat before it runs. Tokens stay on the server.',
+        )}
       </p>
       {connections?.map((connection) => (
         <div className="connection" key={connection.id}>
@@ -80,13 +81,13 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
               <strong>{connection.name}</strong>
               <small>
                 {new URL(connection.url).host}
-                {connection.hasToken ? ' · token saved' : ''}
+                {connection.hasToken ? ` · ${t('token saved')}` : ''}
               </small>
             </span>
             <button
               type="button"
               className="icon-button"
-              aria-label={`Refresh ${connection.name} tools`}
+              aria-label={t('Refresh {name} tools', { name: connection.name })}
               disabled={!!busy}
               onClick={async () => {
                 const next = await run(connection.id, () =>
@@ -104,10 +105,16 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
             <button
               type="button"
               className="icon-button"
-              aria-label={`Remove ${connection.name}`}
+              aria-label={t('Remove {name}', { name: connection.name })}
               disabled={!!busy}
               onClick={async () => {
-                if (!window.confirm(`Remove ${connection.name} from this Dot?`))
+                if (
+                  !window.confirm(
+                    t('Remove {name} from this Dot?', {
+                      name: connection.name,
+                    }),
+                  )
+                )
                   return;
                 const done = await run(connection.id, () =>
                   api(`/connections/${connection.id}`, 'DELETE'),
@@ -127,7 +134,7 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
             </p>
           )}
           {!connection.tools.length && (
-            <p className="muted">This server offers no tools.</p>
+            <p className="muted">{t('This server offers no tools.')}</p>
           )}
           <ul className="connection-tools">
             {connection.tools.map((tool) => {
@@ -158,7 +165,7 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
                     <span>
                       <strong>
                         {tool.title}
-                        {tool.readOnly && <em>read-only</em>}
+                        {tool.readOnly && <em>{t('read-only')}</em>}
                       </strong>
                       {tool.description && <small>{tool.description}</small>}
                     </span>
@@ -172,7 +179,7 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
                         void patch({ requiresApproval: event.target.checked })
                       }
                     />
-                    Ask first
+                    {t('Ask first')}
                   </label>
                 </li>
               );
@@ -182,18 +189,18 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
       ))}
       <div className="connection-add">
         <label className="field-label" htmlFor="connection-name">
-          Add an MCP server
+          {t('Add an MCP server')}
         </label>
         <input
           id="connection-name"
-          placeholder="Name, e.g. GitHub"
+          placeholder={t('Name, e.g. GitHub')}
           maxLength={40}
           value={name}
           onKeyDown={stayInSection}
           onChange={(event) => setName(event.target.value)}
         />
         <input
-          aria-label="MCP server URL"
+          aria-label={t('MCP server URL')}
           placeholder="https://example.com/mcp"
           type="url"
           value={url}
@@ -201,8 +208,8 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
           onChange={(event) => setUrl(event.target.value)}
         />
         <input
-          aria-label="Bearer token (optional)"
-          placeholder="Bearer token (optional)"
+          aria-label={t('Bearer token (optional)')}
+          placeholder={t('Bearer token (optional)')}
           type="password"
           autoComplete="off"
           value={token}
@@ -215,7 +222,7 @@ export function ConnectionsSection({ dotId }: { dotId: string }) {
           disabled={!!busy || !name.trim() || !url.trim()}
           onClick={() => void add()}
         >
-          {busy === 'add' ? 'Connecting…' : 'Connect'}
+          {busy === 'add' ? t('Connecting…') : t('Connect')}
         </button>
       </div>
       {error && (
diff --git a/src/client/Mascot.tsx b/src/client/Mascot.tsx
index 9e5259da..f74eec6c 100644
--- a/src/client/Mascot.tsx
+++ b/src/client/Mascot.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { t } from './i18n';
+
 const characters = ['blue', 'mint', 'orange', 'purple'] as const;
 
 /** Stable identity keeps each specialist recognizable across views and reloads. */
@@ -27,7 +29,9 @@ export function Mascot({
       <img
         className="dot-body"
         src={`/dots/${characterFor(identity)}.png`}
-        alt={decorative ? '' : `${name} is ${state}`}
+        alt={
+          decorative ? '' : t('{name} is {state}', { name, state: t(state) })
+        }
         width={512}
         height={512}
         draggable={false}
diff --git a/src/client/PageConversation.tsx b/src/client/PageConversation.tsx
index 6b34c1d1..bf6eea4a 100644
--- a/src/client/PageConversation.tsx
+++ b/src/client/PageConversation.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type { Page } from '../server/pages';
 import { Chat } from './Chat';
 import { PageChatRequests } from './page-chat-requests';
 import { api } from './api';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function PageConversation({
   page,
   workspace,
@@ -59,7 +60,9 @@ export function PageConversation({
       async () => {
         if (!(await beforeChat()))
           throw new Error(
-            'Save or resolve your document changes before starting page chat.',
+            t(
+              'Save or resolve your document changes before starting page chat.',
+            ),
           );
         return api<Conversation>(
           `/spaces/${page.spaceId}/pages/${page.id}/conversation`,
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ export function PageConversation({
         },
         failure: (e) =>
           setError(
-            e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Could not open page chat.',
+            e instanceof Error ? e.message : t('Could not open page chat.'),
           ),
         settled: () => setBusy(false),
       },
@@ -85,14 +88,17 @@ export function PageConversation({
   };
   if (thread && dot && thread.dotId === dot.id)
     return (
-      <aside className="document-chat-panel" aria-label="Page conversation">
+      <aside
+        className="document-chat-panel"
+        aria-label={t('Page conversation')}
+      >
         <div className="document-chat-heading">
           <span>
-            <MessageCircle size={16} /> Page conversation
+            <MessageCircle size={16} /> {t('Page conversation')}
           </span>
           <button
             className="document-icon"
-            aria-label="Close page chat"
+            aria-label={t('Close page chat')}
             onClick={() => {
               setThread(undefined);
               onOpenChange(false);
@@ -118,15 +124,15 @@ export function PageConversation({
   if (!dot)
     return (
       <div className="document-chat-setup">
-        <span>Add a specialist to work with this Space.</span>
-        <button onClick={onCreateDot}>Create specialist</button>
+        <span>{t('Add a specialist to work with this Space.')}</span>
+        <button onClick={onCreateDot}>{t('Create specialist')}</button>
       </div>
     );
   if (workspace.setup.missing.length)
     return (
       <div className="document-chat-setup">
-        <span>Connect your assistant to chat about this page.</span>
-        <button onClick={onSettings}>Set up assistant</button>
+        <span>{t('Connect your assistant to chat about this page.')}</span>
+        <button onClick={onSettings}>{t('Set up assistant')}</button>
       </div>
     );
   return (
@@ -139,11 +145,11 @@ export function PageConversation({
         }}
       >
         <label className="sr-only" htmlFor="page-prompt">
-          Ask about this page
+          {t('Ask about this page')}
         </label>
         <input
           id="page-prompt"
-          placeholder="Ask about this page…"
+          placeholder={t('Ask about this page…')}
           value={draft}
           onChange={(e) => setDraft(e.target.value)}
           disabled={paused || busy}
@@ -151,7 +157,7 @@ export function PageConversation({
         <div className="document-chat-dock-bottom">
           <label>
             <select
-              aria-label="Page specialist"
+              aria-label={t('Page specialist')}
               disabled={busy}
               value={dot.id}
               onChange={(e) => setDotId(e.target.value)}
@@ -164,10 +170,12 @@ export function PageConversation({
             </select>
             <ChevronDown size={12} />
           </label>
-          <span>{paused ? 'Assistant paused' : 'Uses this saved page'}</span>
+          <span>
+            {paused ? t('Assistant paused') : t('Uses this saved page')}
+          </span>
           <button
             type="submit"
-            aria-label="Send to page assistant"
+            aria-label={t('Send to page assistant')}
             disabled={busy || paused}
           >
             <ArrowUp size={18} />
diff --git a/src/client/PageDocument.tsx b/src/client/PageDocument.tsx
index 0bd1d01e..c6d1ecef 100644
--- a/src/client/PageDocument.tsx
+++ b/src/client/PageDocument.tsx
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { usePageAutosave } from './editor/use-page-autosave';
 import { inspectMarkdown } from './editor/markdown';
 import { DocumentMenu } from './editor/DocumentMenu';
 import { PageConversation } from './PageConversation';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 const RichEditor = lazy(() => import('./editor/RichEditor'));
 export function PageDocument({
   page,
@@ -102,14 +103,16 @@ export function PageDocument({
     );
     const link = document.createElement('a');
     link.href = url;
-    link.download = `${draft.title.replace(/[^\p{L}\p{N} -]/gu, '').slice(0, 80) || 'page'}.md`;
+    link.download = `${draft.title.replace(/[^\p{L}\p{N} -]/gu, '').slice(0, 80) || t('page')}.md`;
     link.click();
     URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
   };
   const latest = async () => {
     if (
       !window.confirm(
-        'Load the latest saved page and replace this draft? Download your draft first if you want to keep it.',
+        t(
+          'Load the latest saved page and replace this draft? Download your draft first if you want to keep it.',
+        ),
       )
     )
       return;
@@ -123,7 +126,9 @@ export function PageDocument({
       controller.receive(latestPage);
       if (edited) {
         setNotice(
-          'Your draft changed while loading. Choose Load latest again to replace it.',
+          t(
+            'Your draft changed while loading. Choose Load latest again to replace it.',
+          ),
         );
         return;
       }
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@ export function PageDocument({
       setNotice(
         error instanceof Error
           ? error.message
-          : 'Could not load the latest page. Your draft is unchanged.',
+          : t('Could not load the latest page. Your draft is unchanged.'),
       );
     }
   };
@@ -153,28 +158,28 @@ export function PageDocument({
   }
   const status =
     state.status === 'saving'
-      ? 'Saving…'
+      ? t('Saving…')
       : state.status === 'saved'
-        ? 'All changes saved'
+        ? t('All changes saved')
         : state.status === 'dirty'
-          ? 'Unsaved changes'
+          ? t('Unsaved changes')
           : state.status === 'conflict'
-            ? 'Changes need review'
-            : 'Could not save';
+            ? t('Changes need review')
+            : t('Could not save');
   return (
     <section
       className={`document-session ${chatOpen ? 'chat-visible' : ''}`}
-      aria-label="Document workspace"
+      aria-label={t('Document workspace')}
     >
       <div className="document-column">
         <header className="document-topbar">
           <button className="document-back" onClick={onHome}>
             <ArrowLeft size={16} />
-            <span>All pages</span>
+            <span>{t('All pages')}</span>
           </button>
           <button
             className="document-icon"
-            aria-label="Toggle page outline"
+            aria-label={t('Toggle page outline')}
             onClick={onOutline}
           >
             <PanelLeft size={17} />
@@ -194,38 +199,41 @@ export function PageDocument({
           <DocumentMenu
             items={[
               {
-                label: 'Save now · ⌘/Ctrl S',
+                label: t('Save now · ⌘/Ctrl S'),
                 action: () => void controller.flush(true),
               },
               {
-                label: sourceMode ? 'Visual editor' : 'Markdown source',
+                label: sourceMode ? t('Visual editor') : t('Markdown source'),
                 action: () => {
                   if (sourceMode && !safety.supported) {
                     setNotice(
-                      safety.reason ?? 'This document needs source mode.',
+                      safety.reason ?? t('This document needs source mode.'),
                     );
                     return;
                   }
                   setSource(!sourceMode);
                 },
               },
-              { label: 'Move page', action: () => setMove(!move) },
-              { label: 'New subpage', action: onSubpage },
-              { label: 'Download Markdown', action: download },
+              { label: t('Move page'), action: () => setMove(!move) },
+              { label: t('New subpage'), action: onSubpage },
+              { label: t('Download Markdown'), action: download },
               ...(page.sourceThreadId
                 ? [
                     {
-                      label: 'Open source conversation',
+                      label: t('Open source conversation'),
                       action: () => onThread(page.sourceThreadId!),
                     },
                   ]
                 : []),
               {
-                label: 'Delete page',
+                label: t('Delete page'),
                 action: async () => {
                   if (
                     !window.confirm(
-                      `Delete "${draft.title || 'Untitled'}"? This can't be undone. Any subpages will move to this page's parent.`,
+                      t(
+                        'Delete "{title}"? This can\'t be undone. Any subpages will move to this page\'s parent.',
+                        { title: draft.title || t('Untitled') },
+                      ),
                     )
                   )
                     return;
@@ -248,7 +256,7 @@ export function PageDocument({
                     setNotice(
                       error instanceof Error
                         ? error.message
-                        : 'Could not delete page.',
+                        : t('Could not delete page.'),
                     );
                   }
                 },
@@ -267,12 +275,14 @@ export function PageDocument({
                 <div>
                   {state.status === 'error' && (
                     <button onClick={() => void controller.flush(true)}>
-                      Retry save
+                      {t('Retry save')}
                     </button>
                   )}
-                  <button onClick={download}>Download draft</button>
+                  <button onClick={download}>{t('Download draft')}</button>
                   {state.status === 'conflict' && (
-                    <button onClick={() => void latest()}>Load latest</button>
+                    <button onClick={() => void latest()}>
+                      {t('Load latest')}
+                    </button>
                   )}
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -280,7 +290,7 @@ export function PageDocument({
             {notice && (
               <div className="document-notice" role="status">
                 {notice}
-                <button onClick={() => setNotice('')}>Dismiss</button>
+                <button onClick={() => setNotice('')}>{t('Dismiss')}</button>
               </div>
             )}
             {move && (
@@ -291,16 +301,16 @@ export function PageDocument({
                 }}
               >
                 <label>
-                  Move under
+                  {t('Move under')}
                   <select
                     autoFocus
-                    aria-label="Parent page"
+                    aria-label={t('Parent page')}
                     value={draft.parentId ?? ''}
                     onChange={(e) =>
                       controller.edit({ parentId: e.target.value || null })
                     }
                   >
-                    <option value="">Space root</option>
+                    <option value="">{t('Space root')}</option>
                     {pages
                       .filter((p) => !descendants.has(p.id))
                       .map((p) => (
@@ -310,13 +320,13 @@ export function PageDocument({
                       ))}
                   </select>
                 </label>
-                <button onClick={() => setMove(false)}>Done</button>
+                <button onClick={() => setMove(false)}>{t('Done')}</button>
               </div>
             )}
             <input
               className="document-title"
-              aria-label="Page title"
-              placeholder="Untitled page"
+              aria-label={t('Page title')}
+              placeholder={t('Untitled page')}
               maxLength={160}
               value={draft.title}
               onChange={(event) =>
@@ -327,14 +337,14 @@ export function PageDocument({
               <>
                 <div className="source-mode-label">
                   <FileCode2 size={15} />
-                  <span>Markdown source</span>
+                  <span>{t('Markdown source')}</span>
                 </div>
                 {!safety.supported && (
                   <p className="source-mode-reason">{safety.reason}</p>
                 )}
                 <textarea
                   className="document-source"
-                  aria-label="Page Markdown"
+                  aria-label={t('Page Markdown')}
                   spellCheck={false}
                   value={draft.content}
                   maxLength={100000}
@@ -345,7 +355,9 @@ export function PageDocument({
               </>
             ) : (
               <Suspense
-                fallback={<div className="editor-loading">Loading editor…</div>}
+                fallback={
+                  <div className="editor-loading">{t('Loading editor…')}</div>
+                }
               >
                 <RichEditor
                   value={draft.content}
diff --git a/src/client/PageOutline.tsx b/src/client/PageOutline.tsx
index eae8b264..e277162e 100644
--- a/src/client/PageOutline.tsx
+++ b/src/client/PageOutline.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { FileText, Plus, X } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Page } from '../server/pages';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function PageOutline({
   pages,
   selected,
@@ -32,19 +33,19 @@ export function PageOutline({
         </li>
       ));
   return (
-    <nav className="document-outline" aria-label="Pages in this Space">
+    <nav className="document-outline" aria-label={t('Pages in this Space')}>
       <div>
-        <strong>Pages</strong>
+        <strong>{t('Pages')}</strong>
         <button
           className="document-icon"
-          aria-label="New page in outline"
+          aria-label={t('New page in outline')}
           onClick={onNew}
         >
           <Plus size={16} />
         </button>
         <button
           className="document-icon"
-          aria-label="Close page outline"
+          aria-label={t('Close page outline')}
           onClick={onClose}
         >
           <X size={16} />
diff --git a/src/client/PageReviewCard.tsx b/src/client/PageReviewCard.tsx
index 01960d28..d88709d9 100644
--- a/src/client/PageReviewCard.tsx
+++ b/src/client/PageReviewCard.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from './page-review-decision';
 import { openPageLink } from './page-navigation';
 import type { ReviewedPage } from '../server/pages';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function PageReviewCard({
   args,
   status,
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
           setError(
             cause instanceof Error
               ? cause.message
-              : 'Could not restore this review.',
+              : t('Could not restore this review.'),
           );
       });
     return () => {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
       setError(
         cause instanceof Error
           ? cause.message
-          : 'Could not save the approved draft.',
+          : t('Could not save the approved draft.'),
       );
     } finally {
       pending.current = false;
@@ -116,36 +117,36 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
     }
   };
   return (
-    <section className="page-review-card" aria-label="Review page draft">
+    <section className="page-review-card" aria-label={t('Review page draft')}>
       <header>
         <FileText size={17} />
         <strong>
           {conflict
-            ? 'Review changed'
+            ? t('Review changed')
             : removed
-              ? 'Saved, then deleted'
+              ? t('Saved, then deleted')
               : saved
-                ? 'Saved to your Space'
+                ? t('Saved to your Space')
                 : !receiptReady
-                  ? 'Checking saved review…'
+                  ? t('Checking saved review…')
                   : finished
-                    ? 'Review ended'
-                    : 'Ready for your review'}
+                    ? t('Review ended')
+                    : t('Ready for your review')}
         </strong>
         <span>
           {conflict
-            ? 'Needs new review'
+            ? t('Needs new review')
             : saved
-              ? 'Approved'
+              ? t('Approved')
               : !receiptReady
-                ? 'Checking'
+                ? t('Checking')
                 : finished
-                  ? 'Not saved'
-                  : 'You decide'}
+                  ? t('Not saved')
+                  : t('You decide')}
         </span>
       </header>
       <div className="page-review-body">
-        <h3>{draft.success ? draft.data.title : 'Preparing your draft…'}</h3>
+        <h3>{draft.success ? draft.data.title : t('Preparing your draft…')}</h3>
         {draft.success && (
           <ReactMarkdown
             remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}
@@ -164,8 +165,9 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
       </div>
       {conflict && (
         <p role="alert">
-          This review was saved with a different draft. Start a new review for
-          the changed draft.
+          {t(
+            'This review was saved with a different draft. Start a new review for the changed draft.',
+          )}
         </p>
       )}
       {error && <p role="alert">{error}</p>}
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
           type="button"
           onClick={() => setRestoreAttempt((attempt) => attempt + 1)}
         >
-          Retry review
+          {t('Retry review')}
         </button>
       )}
       <footer>
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
               )
             }
           >
-            {conflict ? 'Open saved page' : 'Open page'}{' '}
+            {conflict ? t('Open saved page') : t('Open page')}{' '}
             <ArrowUpRight size={15} />
           </button>
         )}
@@ -202,10 +204,10 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
             >
               <Check size={15} />
               {busy
-                ? 'Saving…'
+                ? t('Saving…')
                 : saved
-                  ? 'Continue conversation'
-                  : 'Approve & save'}
+                  ? t('Continue conversation')
+                  : t('Approve & save')}
             </button>
             {!saved && (
               <button
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
                 disabled={busy}
                 onClick={() => void decide(false)}
               >
-                Decline
+                {t('Decline')}
               </button>
             )}
           </>
@@ -221,10 +223,10 @@ export function PageReviewCard({
         {!saved && !conflict && (
           <small>
             {!receiptReady
-              ? 'Checking whether this draft was already saved.'
+              ? t('Checking whether this draft was already saved.')
               : finished
-                ? 'No page was saved.'
-                : 'Nothing is saved until you approve.'}
+                ? t('No page was saved.')
+                : t('Nothing is saved until you approve.')}
           </small>
         )}
       </footer>
diff --git a/src/client/ResultPane.tsx b/src/client/ResultPane.tsx
index 71293b8f..3d376e7b 100644
--- a/src/client/ResultPane.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ResultPane.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import ReactMarkdown from 'react-markdown';
 import type { Dot, Result, Status } from '../shared/types';
 import { Mascot } from './Mascot';
 import { ComputerPanel } from './ComputerPanel';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function ResultPane({
   latest,
   status,
@@ -41,18 +42,19 @@ export function ResultPane({
             onClick={() => setResultTab('Brief')}
           >
             <BookOpen size={15} />
-            Brief
+            {t('Brief')}
           </button>
           <button
             className={resultTab === 'Computer' ? 'selected' : ''}
             onClick={() => setResultTab('Computer')}
           >
-            <Monitor size={15} /> {computerDot?.name ?? 'Dot'}’s computer
+            <Monitor size={15} />{' '}
+            {t('{name}’s computer', { name: computerDot?.name ?? 'Dot' })}
           </button>
         </div>
         <button
           className="icon-button"
-          aria-label="Close result panel"
+          aria-label={t('Close result panel')}
           onClick={() => onClose()}
         >
           <X size={16} />
@@ -61,11 +63,11 @@ export function ResultPane({
       {resultTab === 'Computer' ? (
         <>
           <label className="computer-dot-picker">
-            Computer for
+            {t('Computer for')}
             <select
               value={computerDot?.id ?? ''}
               onChange={(event) => setComputerDotId(event.target.value)}
-              aria-label="Select Dot computer"
+              aria-label={t('Select Dot computer')}
             >
               {dots.map((dot) => (
                 <option key={dot.id} value={dot.id}>
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ export function ResultPane({
             <ComputerPanel key={computerDot.id} dot={computerDot} />
           ) : (
             <p className="computer-panel">
-              Create a Dot to give it a computer.
+              {t('Create a Dot to give it a computer.')}
             </p>
           )}
         </>
@@ -86,16 +88,18 @@ export function ResultPane({
         <div className="result-content">
           <div className="result-meta">
             <span className="eyebrow">
-              {latest.sample ? 'FICTIONAL SAMPLE BRIEF' : 'RESEARCH BRIEF'}
+              {latest.sample
+                ? t('FICTIONAL SAMPLE BRIEF')
+                : t('RESEARCH BRIEF')}
             </span>
             <button
               className="icon-button"
-              aria-label="Download brief"
+              aria-label={t('Download brief')}
               onClick={() => {
                 const blob = new Blob(
                   [
                     latest.text +
-                      '\n\nSources\n' +
+                      `\n\n${t('Sources')}\n` +
                       latest.sources
                         .map((s) => `${s.title}: ${s.url}`)
                         .join('\n'),
@@ -115,15 +119,18 @@ export function ResultPane({
           </div>
           {latest.sample && (
             <div className="sample-note">
-              An example of what Dot can do. The findings and sources below are
-              invented.
+              {t(
+                'An example of what Dot can do. The findings and sources below are invented.',
+              )}
             </div>
           )}
           <article className="brief">
             <ReactMarkdown
               components={{
                 img: ({ alt }) => (
-                  <span>{alt ? `[Image: ${alt}]` : '[Image omitted]'}</span>
+                  <span>
+                    {alt ? t('[Image: {alt}]', { alt }) : t('[Image omitted]')}
+                  </span>
                 ),
                 a: ({ children, href }) => (
                   <a href={href} target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ export function ResultPane({
           </article>
           <section className="sources">
             <h3>
-              Source notes <span>{latest.sources.length}</span>
+              {t('Source notes')} <span>{latest.sources.length}</span>
             </h3>
             {latest.sources.map((source) =>
               latest.sample ? (
@@ -148,7 +155,7 @@ export function ResultPane({
                   <div>
                     <strong>{source.title}</strong>
                     <p>{source.excerpt}</p>
-                    <small>Fictional source · not a live link</small>
+                    <small>{t('Fictional source · not a live link')}</small>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               ) : (
@@ -180,11 +187,13 @@ export function ResultPane({
             name={dots.find((dot) => dot.id === defaultDotId)?.name}
             state={dotState}
           />
-          <h3>A little space for your findings.</h3>
+          <h3>{t('A little space for your findings.')}</h3>
           <p>
             {status === 'failed'
-              ? 'Resolve the error and retry to create a research brief.'
-              : 'Your brief and sources will appear here after a successful run.'}
+              ? t('Resolve the error and retry to create a research brief.')
+              : t(
+                  'Your brief and sources will appear here after a successful run.',
+                )}
           </p>
         </div>
       )}
diff --git a/src/client/SpaceLibrary.tsx b/src/client/SpaceLibrary.tsx
index e18d3c84..cda0c763 100644
--- a/src/client/SpaceLibrary.tsx
+++ b/src/client/SpaceLibrary.tsx
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ import {
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Page } from '../server/pages';
 import type { Space } from '../shared/types';
+import { dateLocale, t, tp } from './i18n';
 export function pageExcerpt(content: string) {
   return content
     .replace(/^---\r?\n[\s\S]*?\r?\n---(?:\r?\n|$)/, '')
     .replace(/<script\b[^>]*>[\s\S]*?<\/script>/gi, '')
     .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, ' ')
     .replace(/^\s*(?:[-+*]|\d+[.)])\s+(?:\[[ xX]\]\s+)?/gm, '')
-    .replace(/```[\s\S]*?```/g, 'Code block')
+    .replace(/```[\s\S]*?```/g, t('Code block'))
     .replace(/!?\[([^\]]+)\]\([^)]*\)/g, '$1')
     .replace(/[#>*_`|~]/g, '')
     .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
@@ -54,53 +55,53 @@ export function SpaceLibrary({
   return (
     <section
       className="space-library"
-      aria-label={`${space.name} page library`}
+      aria-label={t('{name} page library', { name: space.name })}
     >
       <header className="library-heading">
         <div>
-          <span className="library-eyebrow">SPACE</span>
+          <span className="library-eyebrow">{t('SPACE')}</span>
           <h1>{space.name}</h1>
           {space.description && <p>{space.description}</p>}
         </div>
         <button className="document-primary" onClick={onNew}>
-          <Plus size={17} /> New page
+          <Plus size={17} /> {t('New page')}
         </button>
       </header>
       <div className="library-tools">
         <label className="library-search">
           <Search size={17} />
           <input
-            aria-label="Search pages"
-            placeholder="Search pages"
+            aria-label={t('Search pages')}
+            placeholder={t('Search pages')}
             value={query}
             onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
           />
         </label>
         <label className="library-sort">
-          <span className="sr-only">Sort pages</span>
+          <span className="sr-only">{t('Sort pages')}</span>
           <select
-            aria-label="Sort pages"
+            aria-label={t('Sort pages')}
             value={sort}
             onChange={(e) => setSort(e.target.value)}
           >
-            <option value="recent">Recently edited</option>
-            <option value="name">Name A–Z</option>
+            <option value="recent">{t('Recently edited')}</option>
+            <option value="name">{t('Name A–Z')}</option>
           </select>
         </label>
         <div
           className="library-view-toggle"
           role="group"
-          aria-label="Library view"
+          aria-label={t('Library view')}
         >
           <button
-            aria-label="Grid view"
+            aria-label={t('Grid view')}
             aria-pressed={layout === 'grid'}
             onClick={() => setLayout('grid')}
           >
             <LayoutGrid size={17} />
           </button>
           <button
-            aria-label="List view"
+            aria-label={t('List view')}
             aria-pressed={layout === 'list'}
             onClick={() => setLayout('list')}
           >
@@ -109,10 +110,8 @@ export function SpaceLibrary({
         </div>
       </div>
       <div className="library-section-label">
-        <h2>{query ? 'Search results' : 'All pages'}</h2>
-        <span>
-          {filtered.length} {filtered.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}
-        </span>
+        <h2>{query ? t('Search results') : t('All pages')}</h2>
+        <span>{tp('{count} page|{count} pages', filtered.length)}</span>
       </div>
       {filtered.length ? (
         <div className={`library-pages ${layout}`}>
@@ -129,14 +128,15 @@ export function SpaceLibrary({
                 <h3>{page.title}</h3>
                 <p>
                   {pageExcerpt(page.content) ||
-                    'An empty page, ready to write.'}
+                    t('An empty page, ready to write.')}
                 </p>
                 <div className="library-page-meta">
                   <span title={new Date(page.updatedAt).toLocaleString()}>
-                    Edited{' '}
-                    {new Date(page.updatedAt).toLocaleDateString(undefined, {
-                      month: 'short',
-                      day: 'numeric',
+                    {t('Edited {date}', {
+                      date: new Date(page.updatedAt).toLocaleDateString(
+                        dateLocale,
+                        { month: 'short', day: 'numeric' },
+                      ),
                     })}
                   </span>
                   {page.parentId && (
@@ -156,15 +156,15 @@ export function SpaceLibrary({
       ) : (
         <div className="library-empty">
           <FileText size={30} strokeWidth={1.3} />
-          <h2>{query ? 'No matching pages' : 'No pages yet'}</h2>
+          <h2>{query ? t('No matching pages') : t('No pages yet')}</h2>
           <p>
             {query
-              ? 'Try a different title or phrase.'
-              : 'Create your first page to start organizing this Space.'}
+              ? t('Try a different title or phrase.')
+              : t('Create your first page to start organizing this Space.')}
           </p>
           {!query && (
             <button className="document-primary" onClick={onNew}>
-              <Plus size={16} /> New page
+              <Plus size={16} /> {t('New page')}
             </button>
           )}
         </div>
diff --git a/src/client/SpaceNav.tsx b/src/client/SpaceNav.tsx
index a8d12ef6..861d07d6 100644
--- a/src/client/SpaceNav.tsx
+++ b/src/client/SpaceNav.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { ChevronRight, FileText, Folder } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Space } from '../shared/types';
 import type { Page } from '../server/pages';
 import { api } from './api';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 
 export function SpaceNav({
   space,
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ export function SpaceNav({
           setError('');
         }
       } catch {
-        if (current) setError('Could not load pages.');
+        if (current) setError(t('Could not load pages.'));
       }
     };
     void load();
@@ -61,7 +62,9 @@ export function SpaceNav({
       <div className="space-nav-row">
         <button
           className="icon-button space-disclosure"
-          aria-label={`${expanded ? 'Collapse' : 'Expand'} ${space.name}`}
+          aria-label={t(expanded ? 'Collapse {name}' : 'Expand {name}', {
+            name: space.name,
+          })}
           aria-expanded={expanded}
           aria-controls={`space-pages-${space.id}`}
           onClick={() => setExpanded(!expanded)}
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ export function SpaceNav({
             branches(null)
           )}
           {!error && !pages.length && (
-            <p className="sidebar-empty">No pages yet</p>
+            <p className="sidebar-empty">{t('No pages yet')}</p>
           )}
         </div>
       )}
diff --git a/src/client/SpaceWorkspace.tsx b/src/client/SpaceWorkspace.tsx
index 329c00bc..4bb577c4 100644
--- a/src/client/SpaceWorkspace.tsx
+++ b/src/client/SpaceWorkspace.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { api } from './api';
 import { SpaceLibrary } from './SpaceLibrary';
 import { PageDocument } from './PageDocument';
 import { PageOutline } from './PageOutline';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function SpaceWorkspace({
   space,
   pageId,
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ export function SpaceWorkspace({
         }
       } catch (e) {
         if (active)
-          setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Could not load pages.');
+          setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t('Could not load pages.'));
       }
     };
     void load();
@@ -83,19 +84,19 @@ export function SpaceWorkspace({
   const create = async (parentId: string | null) => {
     try {
       const next = await api<Page>(`/spaces/${space.id}/pages`, 'POST', {
-        title: 'Untitled page',
+        title: t('Untitled page'),
         content: '',
         parentId,
       });
       setPages((previous) => [...previous, next]);
       onPage(next.id);
     } catch (e) {
-      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Could not create page.');
+      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t('Could not create page.'));
     }
   };
   return (
     <main
-      aria-label="Space documents"
+      aria-label={t('Space documents')}
       className={`spaces-surface ${pageId ? 'writing' : 'library'}`}
     >
       {error && (
@@ -145,10 +146,10 @@ export function SpaceWorkspace({
         </div>
       ) : (
         <div className="library-empty">
-          <h2>{loaded ? 'Page not found' : 'Loading page…'}</h2>
+          <h2>{loaded ? t('Page not found') : t('Loading page…')}</h2>
           {loaded && (
             <button className="document-primary" onClick={() => onPage()}>
-              Back to all pages
+              {t('Back to all pages')}
             </button>
           )}
         </div>
diff --git a/src/client/TaskActions.tsx b/src/client/TaskActions.tsx
index 80bc1faa..04c5fbc0 100644
--- a/src/client/TaskActions.tsx
+++ b/src/client/TaskActions.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Clock3, Pause, Play, Square } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Action, Settings, Task } from '../shared/types';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function TaskActions({
   task,
   busy,
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ export function TaskActions({
       {active ? (
         <button disabled={busy} onClick={() => onAction('pause')}>
           <Pause size={14} />
-          Pause task
+          {t('Pause task')}
         </button>
       ) : (
         <button
@@ -28,23 +29,23 @@ export function TaskActions({
         >
           <Play size={14} />
           {task.status === 'interrupted'
-            ? 'Retry after review'
+            ? t('Retry after review')
             : task.status === 'failed'
-              ? 'Retry task'
+              ? t('Retry task')
               : task.status === 'paused'
-                ? 'Resume task'
-                : 'Run again'}
+                ? t('Resume task')
+                : t('Run again')}
         </button>
       )}
       {task.status === 'completed' && !!task.intervalSeconds && (
         <button disabled={busy} onClick={() => onAction('pause')}>
           <Pause size={14} />
-          Pause schedule
+          {t('Pause schedule')}
         </button>
       )}
       <button onClick={onSchedule}>
         <Clock3 size={14} />
-        {task.intervalSeconds ? 'Edit schedule' : 'Set a schedule'}
+        {task.intervalSeconds ? t('Edit schedule') : t('Set a schedule')}
       </button>
       {task.status !== 'cancelled' && (
         <button
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export function TaskActions({
           onClick={() => onAction('cancel')}
         >
           <Square size={12} />
-          Cancel
+          {t('Cancel')}
         </button>
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/src/client/TaskPresentation.tsx b/src/client/TaskPresentation.tsx
index 2db4ae6e..17c71db5 100644
--- a/src/client/TaskPresentation.tsx
+++ b/src/client/TaskPresentation.tsx
@@ -6,20 +6,21 @@ import {
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Task } from '../shared/types';
 import { Mascot } from './Mascot';
+import { dateLocale, t } from './i18n';
 export const relative = (value: number) => {
   const minutes = Math.floor((Date.now() - value) / 60000);
   return minutes < 1
-    ? 'Just now'
+    ? t('Just now')
     : minutes < 60
-      ? `${minutes}m ago`
+      ? t('{count}m ago', { count: minutes })
       : minutes < 1440
-        ? `${Math.floor(minutes / 60)}h ago`
-        : new Date(value).toLocaleDateString();
+        ? t('{count}h ago', { count: Math.floor(minutes / 60) })
+        : new Date(value).toLocaleDateString(dateLocale);
 };
 export const statusLabel = (task: Task) =>
   task.status === 'completed' && task.nextRunAt
-    ? 'Scheduled'
-    : task.status.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + task.status.slice(1);
+    ? t('Scheduled')
+    : t(task.status.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + task.status.slice(1));
 export function Status({ task }: { task: Task }) {
   return (
     <span className={`status ${task.status}`}>
@@ -51,7 +52,12 @@ export function TaskRow({
         <strong>{task.prompt}</strong>
         <span>
           {task.intervalSeconds
-            ? `Repeats every ${task.intervalSeconds < 3600 ? task.intervalSeconds / 60 + ' min' : task.intervalSeconds / 3600 + ' hr'} · `
+            ? `${t('Repeats every {interval}', {
+                interval:
+                  task.intervalSeconds < 3600
+                    ? t('{count} min', { count: task.intervalSeconds / 60 })
+                    : t('{count} hr', { count: task.intervalSeconds / 3600 }),
+              })} · `
             : ''}
           {relative(task.updatedAt)}
         </span>
diff --git a/src/client/ThreadList.tsx b/src/client/ThreadList.tsx
index aeeeed48..3ae9c70f 100644
--- a/src/client/ThreadList.tsx
+++ b/src/client/ThreadList.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useThreads } from '@copilotkit/react-core/v2';
 import { MessageCircle, Plus } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Conversation, Dot } from '../shared/types';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export function ThreadList({
   dots,
   dotId,
@@ -25,18 +26,18 @@ export function ThreadList({
   return (
     <section className="thread-list">
       <div className="nav-label">
-        RECENT CHATS
+        {t('RECENT CHATS')}
         <button
           className="icon-button"
           onClick={onNew}
-          aria-label="New conversation"
+          aria-label={t('New conversation')}
         >
           <Plus size={14} />
         </button>
       </div>
       {threads.error && (
         <p className="sidebar-error">
-          Conversation sync unavailable. Check your runtime connection.
+          {t('Conversation sync unavailable. Check your runtime connection.')}
         </p>
       )}
       {local.map((thread) => {
@@ -56,7 +57,9 @@ export function ThreadList({
         );
       })}
       {!local.length && (
-        <p className="sidebar-empty">Your first conversation will live here.</p>
+        <p className="sidebar-empty">
+          {t('Your first conversation will live here.')}
+        </p>
       )}
       {threads.hasMoreThreads && (
         <button
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ export function ThreadList({
           disabled={threads.isFetchingMoreThreads}
           onClick={() => void threads.fetchMoreThreads()}
         >
-          Load more conversations
+          {t('Load more conversations')}
         </button>
       )}
     </section>
diff --git a/src/client/WorkspaceDialog.tsx b/src/client/WorkspaceDialog.tsx
index ece3361b..2d909c4e 100644
--- a/src/client/WorkspaceDialog.tsx
+++ b/src/client/WorkspaceDialog.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ import {
   themePreference,
   type ThemePreference,
 } from './theme';
+import {
+  localePreference,
+  setLocalePreference,
+  t,
+  type LocalePreference,
+} from './i18n';
 export type Dialog =
   | { type: 'space' }
   | { type: 'dot'; dot?: Dot; spaceId: string }
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState('');
   const [theme, setTheme] = useState(themePreference);
+  const [languageChoice, setLanguageChoice] = useState(localePreference);
   const container = useRef<HTMLElement>(null);
   useEffect(() => {
     const previous =
@@ -106,16 +113,16 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
   }, []);
   const title =
     dialog.type === 'space'
-      ? 'A space for something.'
+      ? t('A space for something.')
       : dialog.type === 'dot'
         ? dialog.dot
-          ? 'Make this Dot yours.'
-          : 'Meet your next specialist.'
+          ? t('Make this Dot yours.')
+          : t('Meet your next specialist.')
         : dialog.type === 'settings'
-          ? 'Your workspace, your rules.'
+          ? t('Your workspace, your rules.')
           : dialog.type === 'memory'
-            ? 'Something to remember.'
-            : 'Let your Dot keep time.';
+            ? t('Something to remember.')
+            : t('Let your Dot keep time.');
   return (
     <div className="modal-backdrop" onClick={onClose}>
       <section
@@ -128,12 +135,12 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
       >
         <button
           className="modal-close icon-button"
-          aria-label="Close dialog"
+          aria-label={t('Close dialog')}
           onClick={onClose}
         >
           <X size={18} />
         </button>
-        <span className="eyebrow">OPENDOTS TEMPLATE</span>
+        <span className="eyebrow">{t('OPENDOTS TEMPLATE')}</span>
         <h2 id="dialog-title">{title}</h2>
         <form
           onSubmit={async (e) => {
@@ -192,14 +199,16 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
             }
             if (await mutate(path, method, body)) onClose();
             else
-              setError('Could not save. Review the workspace error and retry.');
+              setError(
+                t('Could not save. Review the workspace error and retry.'),
+              );
             setBusy(false);
           }}
         >
           {(dialog.type === 'space' || dialog.type === 'dot') && (
             <>
               <label className="field-label" htmlFor="entity-name">
-                Name
+                {t('Name')}
               </label>
               <input
                 id="entity-name"
@@ -214,12 +223,12 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
             <>
               <label className="field-label" htmlFor="entity-text">
                 {dialog.type === 'dot'
-                  ? 'Role instructions'
+                  ? t('Role instructions')
                   : dialog.type === 'space'
-                    ? 'What belongs here?'
+                    ? t('What belongs here?')
                     : dialog.type === 'memory'
-                      ? 'Preference or context'
-                      : 'Task to revisit'}
+                      ? t('Preference or context')
+                      : t('Task to revisit')}
               </label>
               <textarea
                 id="entity-text"
@@ -230,7 +239,9 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
                 placeholder={
                   dialog.type === 'dot'
-                    ? 'You are a thoughtful research partner. Compare evidence and be clear about uncertainty.'
+                    ? t(
+                        'You are a thoughtful research partner. Compare evidence and be clear about uncertainty.',
+                      )
                     : ''
                 }
               />
@@ -238,9 +249,9 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
           )}
           {dialog.type === 'dot' && (
             <fieldset className="space-access-fields">
-              <legend>Space access</legend>
+              <legend>{t('Space access')}</legend>
               <p className="muted">
-                Choose where this Dot can read and edit pages.
+                {t('Choose where this Dot can read and edit pages.')}
               </p>
               {workspace.spaces.map((space) => (
                 <label className="permission-row" key={space.id}>
@@ -260,7 +271,7 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 </label>
               ))}
               <label className="field-label" htmlFor="default-space">
-                Default destination for saved pages
+                {t('Default destination for saved pages')}
               </label>
               <select
                 id="default-space"
@@ -269,7 +280,7 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 onChange={(event) => setDefaultSpace(event.target.value)}
               >
                 <option value="" disabled>
-                  Choose a Space
+                  {t('Choose a Space')}
                 </option>
                 {workspace.spaces
                   .filter((space) => spaceIds.includes(space.id))
@@ -290,10 +301,11 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                   onChange={(e) => setResearch(e.target.checked)}
                 />
                 <span>
-                  <strong>Public-page research</strong>
+                  <strong>{t('Public-page research')}</strong>
                   <small>
-                    Allow the server-side read-only browser tool. Global
-                    settings always take precedence.
+                    {t(
+                      'Allow the server-side read-only browser tool. Global settings always take precedence.',
+                    )}
                   </small>
                 </span>
               </label>
@@ -304,10 +316,11 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                   onChange={(e) => setMemory(e.target.checked)}
                 />
                 <span>
-                  <strong>Use saved memories</strong>
+                  <strong>{t('Use saved memories')}</strong>
                   <small>
-                    Include your preferences in new turns. Changing permission
-                    stops active work.
+                    {t(
+                      'Include your preferences in new turns. Changing permission stops active work.',
+                    )}
                   </small>
                 </span>
               </label>
@@ -319,10 +332,11 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                     onChange={(event) => setApps(event.target.checked)}
                   />
                   <span>
-                    <strong>Connected apps</strong>
+                    <strong>{t('Connected apps')}</strong>
                     <small>
-                      Allow access to the owner’s apps through Composio. Global
-                      settings always take precedence.
+                      {t(
+                        'Allow access to the owner’s apps through Composio. Global settings always take precedence.',
+                      )}
                     </small>
                   </span>
                 </label>
@@ -331,9 +345,9 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
           )}
           {dialog.type === 'dot' && workspace.setup.composio && (
             <fieldset className="space-access-fields">
-              <legend>Connected apps</legend>
+              <legend>{t('Connected apps')}</legend>
               <label className="field-label" htmlFor="composio-toolkits">
-                Toolkit slugs
+                {t('Toolkit slugs')}
               </label>
               <input
                 id="composio-toolkits"
@@ -344,16 +358,17 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 onChange={(event) => setComposioToolkits(event.target.value)}
               />
               <p className="muted" id="composio-toolkits-help">
-                Optional comma-separated Composio toolkit slugs. Leave blank to
-                let the Dot search all available toolkits.
+                {t(
+                  'Optional comma-separated Composio toolkit slugs. Leave blank to let the Dot search all available toolkits.',
+                )}
               </p>
             </fieldset>
           )}
           {dialog.type === 'dot' && (
             <fieldset className="space-access-fields">
-              <legend>Automatic Learning</legend>
+              <legend>{t('Automatic Learning')}</legend>
               <label className="field-label" htmlFor="learning-container">
-                Learning container ID
+                {t('Learning container ID')}
               </label>
               <input
                 id="learning-container"
@@ -368,10 +383,9 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 }}
               />
               <p className="muted" id="learning-help">
-                Create this container in your Intelligence project first. New
-                conversations will contribute evidence to it. Leave blank to
-                keep new conversations out of Learning. Existing conversations
-                retain their original assignment.
+                {t(
+                  'Create this container in your Intelligence project first. New conversations will contribute evidence to it. Leave blank to keep new conversations out of Learning. Existing conversations retain their original assignment.',
+                )}
               </p>
               <label className="permission-row">
                 <input
@@ -381,12 +395,11 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                   onChange={(event) => setSkillDelivery(event.target.checked)}
                 />
                 <span>
-                  <strong>Use published skills</strong>
+                  <strong>{t('Use published skills')}</strong>
                   <small>
-                    Load reviewed skills from each conversation’s assigned
-                    container. Enable delivery in Intelligence too. Turning this
-                    off stops skill loading; it does not stop evidence
-                    collection.
+                    {t(
+                      'Load reviewed skills from each conversation’s assigned container. Enable delivery in Intelligence too. Turning this off stops skill loading; it does not stop evidence collection.',
+                    )}
                   </small>
                 </span>
               </label>
@@ -395,7 +408,7 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 target="_blank"
                 rel="noreferrer"
               >
-                Set up Learning and review skills ↗
+                {t('Set up Learning and review skills')} ↗
               </a>
             </fieldset>
           )}
@@ -405,28 +418,28 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
           {dialog.type === 'schedule' && (
             <>
               <label className="field-label" htmlFor="schedule-interval">
-                Repeat after each successful run
+                {t('Repeat after each successful run')}
               </label>
               <select
                 id="schedule-interval"
                 value={interval}
                 onChange={(e) => setInterval(e.target.value)}
               >
-                <option value="60">Every minute (testing)</option>
-                <option value="3600">Every hour</option>
-                <option value="86400">Every day</option>
-                <option value="604800">Every week</option>
+                <option value="60">{t('Every minute (testing)')}</option>
+                <option value="3600">{t('Every hour')}</option>
+                <option value="86400">{t('Every day')}</option>
+                <option value="604800">{t('Every week')}</option>
               </select>
               <p className="muted">
-                Runs on the server in this same conversation, even with the tab
-                closed. Failed or interrupted runs wait for manual retry. Review
-                completed work before retrying an interrupted run.
+                {t(
+                  'Runs on the server in this same conversation, even with the tab closed. Failed or interrupted runs wait for manual retry. Review completed work before retrying an interrupted run.',
+                )}
               </p>
             </>
           )}
           {dialog.type === 'settings' && (
             <fieldset className="appearance-fields">
-              <legend>Appearance</legend>
+              <legend>{t('Appearance')}</legend>
               <div className="segmented" role="radiogroup">
                 {(['system', 'light', 'dark'] as ThemePreference[]).map(
                   (option) => (
@@ -441,50 +454,86 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                           setThemePreference(option);
                         }}
                       />
-                      <span>{option[0].toUpperCase() + option.slice(1)}</span>
+                      <span>
+                        {t(option[0].toUpperCase() + option.slice(1))}
+                      </span>
                     </label>
                   ),
                 )}
               </div>
               <p className="muted">
-                Saved in this browser. System follows your device.
+                {t('Saved in this browser. System follows your device.')}
+              </p>
+              <legend className="sr-only">{t('Language')}</legend>
+              <div
+                className="segmented"
+                role="radiogroup"
+                aria-label={t('Language')}
+              >
+                {(
+                  [
+                    ['system', t('System')],
+                    ['en', 'English'],
+                    ['ru', 'Русский'],
+                  ] as [LocalePreference, string][]
+                ).map(([option, label]) => (
+                  <label key={option}>
+                    <input
+                      type="radio"
+                      name="language"
+                      value={option}
+                      checked={languageChoice === option}
+                      onChange={() => {
+                        setLanguageChoice(option);
+                        setLocalePreference(option);
+                      }}
+                    />
+                    <span>{label}</span>
+                  </label>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+              <p className="muted">
+                {t('Changing the language reloads the page.')}
               </p>
             </fieldset>
           )}
           {dialog.type === 'settings' && (
             <div className="config-note">
-              <strong>Service setup</strong>
+              <strong>{t('Service setup')}</strong>
               <p>
                 {workspace.setup.missing.length ? (
                   <>
-                    Add{' '}
+                    {t('Add')}{' '}
                     {workspace.setup.missing.map((name, index) => (
                       <span key={name}>
                         {index > 0 && ', '}
                         <code>{name}</code>
                       </span>
                     ))}{' '}
-                    to the server environment, then restart.
+                    {t('to the server environment, then restart.')}
                   </>
                 ) : (
-                  'Text configuration is present. A successful conversation confirms connectivity.'
+                  t(
+                    'Text configuration is present. A successful conversation confirms connectivity.',
+                  )
                 )}
               </p>
               <p>
-                Slack: {workspace.setup.slack.replaceAll('_', ' ')}. Voice:{' '}
+                Slack: {t(workspace.setup.slack.replaceAll('_', ' '))}.{' '}
+                {t('Voice')}:{' '}
                 {workspace.setup.voice
-                  ? 'configuration present'
-                  : 'needs VOICE_API_KEY and VOICE_MODEL'}
+                  ? t('configuration present')
+                  : t('needs VOICE_API_KEY and VOICE_MODEL')}
                 .
               </p>
               <p>
-                Setup and usage metadata is collected by default.{' '}
+                {t('Setup and usage metadata is collected by default.')}{' '}
                 <a
                   href="https://github.com/CopilotKit/OpenDots/blob/main/docs/SETUP-TELEMETRY.md"
                   target="_blank"
                   rel="noreferrer"
                 >
-                  Tracking and opt-out details
+                  {t('Tracking and opt-out details')}
                 </a>
               </p>
               <a
@@ -492,14 +541,15 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
                 target="_blank"
                 rel="noreferrer"
               >
-                Template setup guide ↗
+                {t('Template setup guide')} ↗
               </a>
             </div>
           )}
           {dialog.type === 'memory' && (
             <p className="muted">
-              Memories are explicit preferences, not automatic learning. Avoid
-              secrets; enabled memories go to your model provider.
+              {t(
+                'Memories are explicit preferences, not automatic learning. Avoid secrets; enabled memories go to your model provider.',
+              )}
             </p>
           )}
           {error && (
@@ -508,7 +558,7 @@ export function WorkspaceDialog({
             </p>
           )}
           <button className="primary full" disabled={busy}>
-            {busy ? 'Saving…' : 'Save'}
+            {busy ? t('Saving…') : t('Save')}
           </button>
         </form>
       </section>
diff --git a/src/client/api.ts b/src/client/api.ts
index db9fb2a2..7726368e 100644
--- a/src/client/api.ts
+++ b/src/client/api.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { t } from './i18n';
 let token = sessionStorage.getItem('opendots-token') ?? '';
 export function setToken(value: string) {
   token = value;
@@ -29,14 +30,15 @@ export async function api<T>(
     },
     ...(body === undefined ? {} : { body: JSON.stringify(body) }),
   });
-  const data = (await response
-    .json()
-    .catch(() => ({ error: 'Server returned an unreadable response.' }))) as {
+  const data = (await response.json().catch(() => ({
+    error: t('Server returned an unreadable response.'),
+  }))) as {
     error?: string;
   };
   if (!response.ok)
     throw new ApiError(
-      data.error ?? `Request failed (${response.status}).`,
+      data.error ??
+        t('Request failed ({status}).', { status: response.status }),
       response.status,
     );
   return data as T;
diff --git a/src/client/editor/DocumentMenu.tsx b/src/client/editor/DocumentMenu.tsx
index fb7204e7..83215942 100644
--- a/src/client/editor/DocumentMenu.tsx
+++ b/src/client/editor/DocumentMenu.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { MoreHorizontal } from 'lucide-react';
+import { t } from '../i18n';
 export function DocumentMenu({
   items,
 }: {
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ export function DocumentMenu({
       <button
         ref={trigger}
         className="document-icon"
-        aria-label="Page actions"
+        aria-label={t('Page actions')}
         aria-haspopup="menu"
         aria-expanded={open}
         onClick={() => setOpen(!open)}
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ export function DocumentMenu({
         <div
           className="document-dropdown"
           role="menu"
-          aria-label="Page actions"
+          aria-label={t('Page actions')}
         >
           {items.map((item) => (
             <button
diff --git a/src/client/editor/RichEditor.tsx b/src/client/editor/RichEditor.tsx
index 67465c7a..5772d1e5 100644
--- a/src/client/editor/RichEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/client/editor/RichEditor.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import { EditorContent, useEditor, useEditorState } from '@tiptap/react';
 import { Markdown } from '@tiptap/markdown';
+import { t } from '../i18n';
 import Placeholder from '@tiptap/extension-placeholder';
 import {
   Bold,
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ export default function RichEditor({
       ...documentExtensions(),
       Markdown,
       Placeholder.configure({
-        placeholder: 'Start writing, or type / for blocks…',
+        placeholder: t('Start writing, or type / for blocks…'),
       }),
       SlashCommands,
     ],
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ export default function RichEditor({
     editorProps: {
       attributes: {
         class: 'document-prose',
-        'aria-label': 'Page content',
+        'aria-label': t('Page content'),
         role: 'textbox',
         'aria-multiline': 'true',
       },
@@ -68,7 +69,9 @@ export default function RichEditor({
         if (/<(img|iframe|script)\b/i.test(html)) {
           event.preventDefault();
           notice.current(
-            'Images and embedded content are not supported here. Use Markdown source to keep their original markup.',
+            t(
+              'Images and embedded content are not supported here. Use Markdown source to keep their original markup.',
+            ),
           );
           return true;
         }
@@ -107,24 +110,25 @@ export default function RichEditor({
     }
   }, [editor, value]);
   if (!editor) return <div className="editor-loading">Loading editor…</div>;
+  const hint = t('Type {key} for blocks · ⌘/Ctrl + S to save').split('{key}');
   return (
     <>
       <div
         className="format-toolbar"
         role="toolbar"
-        aria-label="Text formatting"
+        aria-label={t('Text formatting')}
       >
         <button
-          title="Bold (⌘/Ctrl B)"
-          aria-label="Bold"
+          title={t('Bold (⌘/Ctrl B)')}
+          aria-label={t('Bold')}
           aria-pressed={state?.bold}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBold().run()}
         >
           <Bold size={16} />
         </button>
         <button
-          title="Italic (⌘/Ctrl I)"
-          aria-label="Italic"
+          title={t('Italic (⌘/Ctrl I)')}
+          aria-label={t('Italic')}
           aria-pressed={state?.italic}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleItalic().run()}
         >
@@ -132,43 +136,43 @@ export default function RichEditor({
         </button>
         <span className="toolbar-divider" />
         <button
-          title="Bullet list"
-          aria-label="Bullet list"
+          title={t('Bullet list')}
+          aria-label={t('Bullet list')}
           aria-pressed={state?.bullet}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBulletList().run()}
         >
           <List size={17} />
         </button>
         <button
-          title="Numbered list"
-          aria-label="Numbered list"
+          title={t('Numbered list')}
+          aria-label={t('Numbered list')}
           aria-pressed={state?.ordered}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleOrderedList().run()}
         >
           <ListOrdered size={17} />
         </button>
         <button
-          title="Quote"
-          aria-label="Quote"
+          title={t('Quote')}
+          aria-label={t('Quote')}
           aria-pressed={state?.quote}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBlockquote().run()}
         >
           <Quote size={15} />
         </button>
         <button
-          title="Code block"
-          aria-label="Code block"
+          title={t('Code block')}
+          aria-label={t('Code block')}
           aria-pressed={state?.code}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleCodeBlock().run()}
         >
           <Code2 size={17} />
         </button>
         <button
-          title="Add link"
-          aria-label="Add link"
+          title={t('Add link')}
+          aria-label={t('Add link')}
           onClick={() => {
             const url = window.prompt(
-              'Link URL (https:// or an internal page link)',
+              t('Link URL (https:// or an internal page link)'),
               editor.getAttributes('link').href ?? '',
             );
             if (url === null) return;
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ export default function RichEditor({
               return;
             }
             if (!/^(https?:\/\/|\/#\/spaces\/)/i.test(url)) {
-              onNotice('Use a public http(s) URL or an internal page link.');
+              onNotice(t('Use a public http(s) URL or an internal page link.'));
               return;
             }
             editor
@@ -192,16 +196,16 @@ export default function RichEditor({
         </button>
         <span className="toolbar-divider" />
         <button
-          aria-label="Undo"
-          title="Undo"
+          aria-label={t('Undo')}
+          title={t('Undo')}
           disabled={!state?.undo}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().undo().run()}
         >
           <Undo2 size={16} />
         </button>
         <button
-          aria-label="Redo"
-          title="Redo"
+          aria-label={t('Redo')}
+          title={t('Redo')}
           disabled={!state?.redo}
           onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().redo().run()}
         >
@@ -210,7 +214,9 @@ export default function RichEditor({
       </div>
       <EditorContent editor={editor} />
       <p className="editor-hint">
-        Type <kbd>/</kbd> for blocks · ⌘/Ctrl + S to save
+        {hint[0]}
+        <kbd>/</kbd>
+        {hint[1]}
       </p>
     </>
   );
diff --git a/src/client/editor/autosave.ts b/src/client/editor/autosave.ts
index d568a3c8..7ec43d46 100644
--- a/src/client/editor/autosave.ts
+++ b/src/client/editor/autosave.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { Page } from '../../server/pages';
+import { t } from '../i18n';
 export type PageDraft = Pick<Page, 'title' | 'content' | 'parentId'>;
 export type SaveState = {
   page?: Page;
@@ -77,8 +78,9 @@ export class PageAutosave {
       this.publish({
         remote: page,
         status: 'conflict',
-        error:
+        error: t(
           'This page changed elsewhere. Your draft is safe. Copy it before loading the latest version.',
+        ),
       });
     } else
       this.publish({
@@ -134,8 +136,9 @@ export class PageAutosave {
     ) {
       this.publish({
         status: 'error',
-        error:
+        error: t(
           'Use a title up to 160 characters and a document up to 100,000 characters. Your draft is still here.',
+        ),
       });
       return false;
     }
@@ -156,7 +159,9 @@ export class PageAutosave {
               controller.abort();
               reject(
                 new Error(
-                  'Saving timed out. Your draft is safe; retry when connected.',
+                  t(
+                    'Saving timed out. Your draft is safe; retry when connected.',
+                  ),
                 ),
               );
             }, 10000);
@@ -182,7 +187,7 @@ export class PageAutosave {
                 : 'saved',
           error:
             remote.revision > result.revision
-              ? 'A newer revision exists. Your draft is preserved.'
+              ? t('A newer revision exists. Your draft is preserved.')
               : undefined,
         });
         return this.state.status !== 'conflict';
@@ -196,10 +201,12 @@ export class PageAutosave {
         this.publish({
           status: conflict ? 'conflict' : 'error',
           error: conflict
-            ? 'This page changed elsewhere. Your draft is safe. Copy it before loading the latest version.'
+            ? t(
+                'This page changed elsewhere. Your draft is safe. Copy it before loading the latest version.',
+              )
             : error instanceof Error
               ? error.message
-              : 'Could not save. Your draft is safe.',
+              : t('Could not save. Your draft is safe.'),
         });
         return false;
       } finally {
diff --git a/src/client/editor/markdown.ts b/src/client/editor/markdown.ts
index f5d50a6d..ca0d8958 100644
--- a/src/client/editor/markdown.ts
+++ b/src/client/editor/markdown.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { MarkdownManager } from '@tiptap/markdown';
 import { TableKit } from '@tiptap/extension-table';
 import TaskList from '@tiptap/extension-task-list';
 import TaskItem from '@tiptap/extension-task-item';
+import { t } from '../i18n';
 export const documentExtensions = () => [
   StarterKit.configure({
     underline: false,
@@ -49,8 +50,9 @@ export function inspectMarkdown(source: string): {
     )
       return {
         supported: false,
-        reason:
+        reason: t(
           'This document contains extended Markdown. Source mode preserves it exactly.',
+        ),
       };
     const tokens = markdownManager.instance.lexer(source);
     let unsupported = false;
@@ -73,22 +75,24 @@ export function inspectMarkdown(source: string): {
     if (unsupported)
       return {
         supported: false,
-        reason:
+        reason: t(
           'This document contains images, HTML, or formatting that needs Markdown source mode. Nothing has been changed.',
+        ),
       };
     const parsed = markdownManager.parse(source);
     const restored = markdownManager.parse(markdownManager.serialize(parsed));
     if (JSON.stringify(parsed) !== JSON.stringify(restored))
       return {
         supported: false,
-        reason:
+        reason: t(
           'Some formatting cannot be safely round-tripped. Source mode keeps the original document intact.',
+        ),
       };
     return { supported: true };
   } catch {
     return {
       supported: false,
-      reason: 'This Markdown needs source mode to preserve its contents.',
+      reason: t('This Markdown needs source mode to preserve its contents.'),
     };
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/client/editor/slash-commands.ts b/src/client/editor/slash-commands.ts
index eddd4e60..cbc55bed 100644
--- a/src/client/editor/slash-commands.ts
+++ b/src/client/editor/slash-commands.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import Suggestion, {
   exitSuggestion,
   type SuggestionProps,
 } from '@tiptap/suggestion';
+import { t } from '../i18n';
 interface Block {
   title: string;
   description: string;
@@ -15,53 +16,53 @@ const command =
   };
 export const blocks: Block[] = [
   {
-    title: 'Text',
-    description: 'Start with a plain paragraph',
+    title: t('Text'),
+    description: t('Start with a plain paragraph'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().setParagraph().run()),
   },
   ...([1, 2, 3] as const).map((level) => ({
-    title: `Heading ${level}`,
+    title: t('Heading {level}', { level }),
     description:
       level === 1
-        ? 'A large section heading'
+        ? t('A large section heading')
         : level === 2
-          ? 'A medium section heading'
-          : 'A small section heading',
+          ? t('A medium section heading')
+          : t('A small section heading'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().setHeading({ level }).run()),
   })),
   {
-    title: 'Bullet list',
-    description: 'A simple unordered list',
+    title: t('Bullet list'),
+    description: t('A simple unordered list'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().toggleBulletList().run()),
   },
   {
-    title: 'Numbered list',
-    description: 'An ordered sequence',
+    title: t('Numbered list'),
+    description: t('An ordered sequence'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().toggleOrderedList().run()),
   },
   {
-    title: 'Checklist',
-    description: 'Track things to do',
+    title: t('Checklist'),
+    description: t('Track things to do'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().toggleTaskList().run()),
   },
   {
-    title: 'Quote',
-    description: 'Highlight a passage',
+    title: t('Quote'),
+    description: t('Highlight a passage'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().toggleBlockquote().run()),
   },
   {
-    title: 'Code',
-    description: 'A code block',
+    title: t('Code'),
+    description: t('A code block'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().toggleCodeBlock().run()),
   },
   {
-    title: 'Divider',
-    description: 'Separate sections',
+    title: t('Divider'),
+    description: t('Separate sections'),
     run: command((e) => e.chain().setHorizontalRule().run()),
   },
   {
-    title: 'Table',
-    description: 'Three columns with a header',
+    title: t('Table'),
+    description: t('Three columns with a header'),
     run: command((e) =>
       e.chain().insertTable({ rows: 3, cols: 3, withHeaderRow: true }).run(),
     ),
@@ -108,11 +109,11 @@ export const SlashCommands = Extension.create({
             menu.replaceChildren();
             const label = document.createElement('div');
             label.className = 'slash-menu-label';
-            label.textContent = 'INSERT BLOCK';
+            label.textContent = t('INSERT BLOCK');
             menu.append(label);
             if (!props.items.length) {
               const empty = document.createElement('p');
-              empty.textContent = 'No matching blocks';
+              empty.textContent = t('No matching blocks');
               menu.append(empty);
             }
             props.items.forEach((item, i) => {
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ export const SlashCommands = Extension.create({
               menu.id = 'document-block-menu';
               menu.className = 'slash-menu';
               menu.setAttribute('role', 'listbox');
-              menu.setAttribute('aria-label', 'Insert block');
+              menu.setAttribute('aria-label', t('Insert block'));
               document.body.append(menu);
               props.editor.view.dom.setAttribute('aria-controls', menu.id);
               props.editor.view.dom.setAttribute('aria-autocomplete', 'list');
diff --git a/src/client/i18n.ts b/src/client/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b878c64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/client/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { ru } from './locales/ru';
+
+export type Locale = 'en' | 'ru';
+export type LocalePreference = 'system' | Locale;
+
+const storageKey = 'opendots.locale';
+const dictionaries: Record<Locale, Record<string, string>> = { en: {}, ru };
+
+export function localePreference(): LocalePreference {
+  try {
+    const value = localStorage.getItem(storageKey);
+    return value === 'en' || value === 'ru' ? value : 'system';
+  } catch {
+    return 'system';
+  }
+}
+
+function detect(): Locale {
+  const preference = localePreference();
+  if (preference !== 'system') return preference;
+  const language = typeof navigator === 'undefined' ? '' : navigator.language;
+  return language.toLowerCase().startsWith('ru') ? 'ru' : 'en';
+}
+
+export const locale: Locale = detect();
+if (typeof document !== 'undefined') document.documentElement.lang = locale;
+
+/** The locale is read once at load, so changing it reloads the page. */
+export function setLocalePreference(preference: LocalePreference) {
+  try {
+    if (preference === 'system') localStorage.removeItem(storageKey);
+    else localStorage.setItem(storageKey, preference);
+  } catch {
+    // Without storage the choice cannot persist; keep the current locale.
+    return;
+  }
+  location.reload();
+}
+
+function fill(text: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>) {
+  return params
+    ? text.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (match, key: string) =>
+        key in params ? String(params[key]) : match,
+      )
+    : text;
+}
+
+/** Translate an English source string; unknown strings fall back to English. */
+export function t(text: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>) {
+  return fill(dictionaries[locale][text] ?? text, params);
+}
+
+function russianPlural(count: number) {
+  const tens = count % 100;
+  const units = count % 10;
+  if (tens >= 11 && tens <= 14) return 2;
+  if (units === 1) return 0;
+  return units >= 2 && units <= 4 ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count-dependent text. The English source holds `one|other` forms; Russian
+ * entries hold three `|`-separated forms (one, few, many).
+ */
+export function tp(text: string, count: number) {
+  const entry = dictionaries[locale][text];
+  const forms = (entry ?? text).split('|');
+  const index = entry ? russianPlural(count) : count === 1 ? 0 : 1;
+  return fill(forms[index] ?? forms[0], { count });
+}
+
+export const dateLocale = locale === 'ru' ? 'ru-RU' : undefined;
diff --git a/src/client/locales/ru.ts b/src/client/locales/ru.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91bcd1e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/client/locales/ru.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+// Russian UI strings, keyed by the English source text passed to `t()`.
+// Entries used with `tp()` hold three `|`-separated forms (one, few, many).
+export const ru: Record<string, string> = {
+  // Account and loading
+  'Your own little corner.': 'Ваш уютный уголок.',
+  'Enter the owner access token configured on this template’s server.':
+    'Введите токен владельца, настроенный на сервере этого шаблона.',
+  'Owner access token': 'Токен доступа владельца',
+  'Unlock OpenDots': 'Открыть OpenDots',
+  'Access token was not accepted.': 'Токен доступа не принят.',
+  'The token stays in this tab’s session storage.':
+    'Токен хранится только в сессии этой вкладки.',
+  'Finding your dots…': 'Ищем ваши Dots…',
+  Retry: 'Повторить',
+  'Could not connect to the server.': 'Не удалось подключиться к серверу.',
+  'Could not save.': 'Не удалось сохранить.',
+  'Could not create the conversation.': 'Не удалось создать беседу.',
+  'A new thought': 'Новая мысль',
+  'Leave your unsaved page draft?':
+    'Покинуть страницу с несохранённым черновиком?',
+
+  // Navigation
+  'Workspace navigation': 'Навигация по рабочему пространству',
+  'OpenDots home': 'OpenDots — главная',
+  'Expand sidebar': 'Развернуть боковую панель',
+  'Collapse sidebar': 'Свернуть боковую панель',
+  'New chat': 'Новый чат',
+  'Open Spaces': 'Открыть Пространства',
+  'Open activity': 'Открыть активность',
+  'Open settings': 'Открыть настройки',
+  'Open navigation': 'Открыть навигацию',
+  'Close navigation': 'Закрыть навигацию',
+  'Show navigation': 'Показать навигацию',
+  'Hide navigation': 'Скрыть навигацию',
+  DOTS: 'DOTS',
+  Dots: 'Dots',
+  'Create Dot': 'Создать Dot',
+  'Edit {name} settings': 'Настройки {name}',
+  SPACES: 'ПРОСТРАНСТВА',
+  Spaces: 'Пространства',
+  'Create Space': 'Создать Пространство',
+  'Set up text chat to begin a persistent conversation.':
+    'Настройте текстовый чат, чтобы начать постоянную беседу.',
+  'Scheduled & activity': 'Расписание и активность',
+  Memories: 'Память',
+  'Settings & setup': 'Настройки и подключение',
+  'Make it your own': 'Сделайте под себя',
+  'OPEN SOURCE TEMPLATE': 'ШАБЛОН С ОТКРЫТЫМ КОДОМ',
+  Activity: 'Активность',
+  Pages: 'Страницы',
+  'SELF-HOSTED': 'СОБСТВЕННЫЙ СЕРВЕР',
+  'SETUP REQUIRED': 'ТРЕБУЕТСЯ НАСТРОЙКА',
+  'Resume all Dots': 'Возобновить всех Dots',
+  'Pause all Dots': 'Приостановить всех Dots',
+  Resume: 'Возобновить',
+  Pause: 'Пауза',
+  'Hide computer': 'Скрыть компьютер',
+  'Show computer': 'Показать компьютер',
+  'Dismiss error': 'Закрыть ошибку',
+  'All Dots are paused. Active compute stops and scheduled tasks wait.':
+    'Все Dots приостановлены. Активные вычисления остановлены, запланированные задачи ждут.',
+  'RECENT CHATS': 'НЕДАВНИЕ ЧАТЫ',
+  'New conversation': 'Новая беседа',
+  'Conversation sync unavailable. Check your runtime connection.':
+    'Синхронизация бесед недоступна. Проверьте подключение к среде выполнения.',
+  'Your first conversation will live here.':
+    'Здесь появится ваша первая беседа.',
+  'Load more conversations': 'Загрузить ещё беседы',
+  'Collapse {name}': 'Свернуть {name}',
+  'Expand {name}': 'Развернуть {name}',
+  'No pages yet': 'Страниц пока нет',
+  'Could not load pages.': 'Не удалось загрузить страницы.',
+
+  // Empty chat and setup
+  'Edit specialist': 'Изменить специалиста',
+  'Connect your Dot': 'Подключите вашего Dot',
+  'Connect your model and conversation service in Settings to start chatting. Your Spaces and Dot preferences are ready to use.':
+    'Подключите модель и сервис бесед в настройках, чтобы начать общение. Пространства и настройки Dots уже готовы к работе.',
+  'Setup and usage metadata is collected by default.':
+    'По умолчанию собираются метаданные о настройке и использовании.',
+  'Tracking and opt-out details': 'Подробности о сборе данных и отказе',
+  'Open the setup guide': 'Открыть руководство по настройке',
+  'Start a conversation': 'Начать беседу',
+  'Message {name}…': 'Сообщение для {name}…',
+  'Your first conversation starts after setup.':
+    'Первая беседа начнётся после настройки.',
+  'Text and calls, one continuing conversation':
+    'Текст и звонки — одна непрерывная беседа',
+  'Start conversation': 'Начать беседу',
+  'Help me think this through': 'Помоги мне всё обдумать',
+  'Research a public page': 'Изучи публичную страницу',
+  'Make a plan I can follow': 'Составь план, которому я смогу следовать',
+  'Setup details': 'Детали настройки',
+  online: 'онлайн',
+  'setup required': 'требуется настройка',
+  'not configured': 'не настроено',
+
+  // Activity and memories
+  'YOUR WORKSPACE': 'ВАШЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО',
+  'A little follow-through.': 'Немного последовательности.',
+  'Preferences you choose to share with your Dots.':
+    'Предпочтения, которыми вы решили поделиться с вашими Dots.',
+  'Scheduled turns run on the server in their original conversation.':
+    'Запланированные запуски выполняются на сервере в исходной беседе.',
+  'Add memory': 'Добавить в память',
+  'Available to permitted Dots': 'Доступно разрешённым Dots',
+  'Memory use disabled': 'Использование памяти отключено',
+  'Edit memory': 'Изменить запись',
+  'Delete memory': 'Удалить запись',
+  'A little context goes a long way.': 'Немного контекста — большая помощь.',
+  'Add a preference like “Keep my research briefs short.” You can change or remove it anytime.':
+    'Добавьте предпочтение, например «Пиши мои исследовательские справки коротко». Его можно изменить или удалить в любой момент.',
+  'Search tasks': 'Поиск задач',
+  'Find a task…': 'Найти задачу…',
+  'Let a thought come back around.': 'Пусть мысль вернётся.',
+  'Open a conversation and use the clock button to schedule a server-side task.':
+    'Откройте беседу и нажмите кнопку с часами, чтобы запланировать задачу на сервере.',
+  'Repeat interval in minutes (0 removes the schedule)':
+    'Интервал повтора в минутах (0 — убрать расписание)',
+  'Enter a valid number of minutes.': 'Введите корректное число минут.',
+  '{count} saved run|{count} saved runs':
+    '{count} сохранённый запуск|{count} сохранённых запуска|{count} сохранённых запусков',
+  'Just now': 'Только что',
+  '{count}m ago': '{count} мин назад',
+  '{count}h ago': '{count} ч назад',
+  Scheduled: 'По расписанию',
+  Queued: 'В очереди',
+  Running: 'Выполняется',
+  Paused: 'На паузе',
+  Completed: 'Завершено',
+  Failed: 'Ошибка',
+  Interrupted: 'Прервано',
+  Cancelled: 'Отменено',
+  'Repeats every {interval}': 'Повтор каждые {interval}',
+  '{count} min': '{count} мин',
+  '{count} hr': '{count} ч',
+  'Pause task': 'Приостановить задачу',
+  'Retry after review': 'Повторить после проверки',
+  'Retry task': 'Повторить задачу',
+  'Resume task': 'Возобновить задачу',
+  'Run again': 'Запустить снова',
+  'Pause schedule': 'Приостановить расписание',
+  'Edit schedule': 'Изменить расписание',
+  'Set a schedule': 'Задать расписание',
+  Cancel: 'Отмена',
+
+  // Chat
+  'Conversation context could not load. Retry before sending your message.':
+    'Не удалось загрузить контекст беседы. Повторите, прежде чем отправлять сообщение.',
+  'Conversation could not connect.': 'Не удалось подключиться к беседе.',
+  'The current turn returned no response. Check the runtime connection and retry.':
+    'Текущий ход не вернул ответа. Проверьте подключение к среде выполнения и повторите.',
+  'The turn failed. Your conversation remains saved.':
+    'Ход завершился ошибкой. Беседа сохранена.',
+  'Thinking…': 'Думает…',
+  'Here with you': 'Рядом с вами',
+  'Connecting to your conversation…': 'Подключаемся к беседе…',
+  'Save conversation as page': 'Сохранить беседу как страницу',
+  'Page title': 'Название страницы',
+  'Could not save conversation.': 'Не удалось сохранить беседу.',
+  'Schedule a task in this conversation': 'Запланировать задачу в этой беседе',
+  'Start voice call': 'Начать голосовой звонок',
+  'End voice call': 'Завершить голосовой звонок',
+  'Talk with your Dot': 'Поговорите со своим Dot',
+  'Voice setup requires VOICE_API_KEY and VOICE_MODEL':
+    'Для голоса нужны VOICE_API_KEY и VOICE_MODEL',
+  'Working on': 'Работаем над',
+  'A LITTLE SPACE TO THINK': 'НЕМНОГО МЕСТА ДЛЯ МЫСЛЕЙ',
+  'What’s on your mind?': 'О чём вы думаете?',
+  'Your conversation stays with this Dot, across text and calls.':
+    'Беседа остаётся с этим Dot — и в тексте, и в звонках.',
+  '{name} is thinking': '{name} думает',
+  'Retry context': 'Повторить загрузку контекста',
+  Reconnect: 'Переподключиться',
+  'Source page URL': 'Адрес исходной страницы',
+  'Remove source': 'Убрать источник',
+  'Add source page link': 'Добавить ссылку на исходную страницу',
+  'Message your Dot': 'Сообщение вашему Dot',
+  'Stop response': 'Остановить ответ',
+  'Send message': 'Отправить сообщение',
+  'Text and voice, one conversation.': 'Текст и голос — одна беседа.',
+  'Text is ready. Voice needs separate server configuration.':
+    'Текст готов. Для голоса нужна отдельная настройка сервера.',
+  'Call failed': 'Звонок не удался',
+  '{seconds}s · Call ended': '{seconds} с · Звонок завершён',
+  'Call in progress': 'Идёт звонок',
+  idle: 'ожидает',
+  working: 'работает',
+  paused: 'на паузе',
+  '{name} is {state}': '{name}: {state}',
+
+  // Voice call
+  'Connecting…': 'Подключение…',
+  'Saving call…': 'Сохранение звонка…',
+  'Microphone muted': 'Микрофон выключен',
+  '{name} is speaking': '{name} говорит',
+  'Working on it…': 'Работаем над этим…',
+  Listening: 'Слушает',
+  'Voice call with {name}': 'Голосовой звонок с {name}',
+  'Voice call': 'Голосовой звонок',
+  'Expand call view': 'Развернуть окно звонка',
+  'Minimize call view': 'Свернуть окно звонка',
+  'Call duration': 'Длительность звонка',
+  You: 'Вы',
+  'Speak naturally. Your Dot is here with you.':
+    'Говорите как обычно. Ваш Dot рядом.',
+  'Enable call audio': 'Включить звук звонка',
+  'Mute call audio': 'Выключить звук звонка',
+  Speaker: 'Динамик',
+  End: 'Завершить',
+  'Unmute microphone': 'Включить микрофон',
+  'Mute microphone': 'Выключить микрофон',
+  Unmute: 'Включить',
+  Mute: 'Выключить',
+  'Text and voice share this conversation':
+    'Текст и голос ведутся в одной беседе',
+  'Call ended, but its receipt could not be saved.':
+    'Звонок завершён, но запись о нём не удалось сохранить.',
+  'Call control connection was lost.':
+    'Соединение управления звонком потеряно.',
+  'Audio playback was blocked. Check your browser audio permissions.':
+    'Воспроизведение звука заблокировано. Проверьте разрешения звука в браузере.',
+  'The voice connection dropped.': 'Голосовое соединение оборвалось.',
+  'The voice provider reported a session error. End the call and retry.':
+    'Голосовой провайдер сообщил об ошибке сессии. Завершите звонок и повторите.',
+  'Could not connect the call.': 'Не удалось подключить звонок.',
+
+  // Pages and library
+  'Untitled page': 'Страница без названия',
+  Untitled: 'Без названия',
+  page: 'страница',
+  'Could not create page.': 'Не удалось создать страницу.',
+  'Space documents': 'Документы Пространства',
+  'Page not found': 'Страница не найдена',
+  'Loading page…': 'Загрузка страницы…',
+  'Back to all pages': 'Ко всем страницам',
+  'Code block': 'Блок кода',
+  '{name} page library': 'Страницы: {name}',
+  SPACE: 'ПРОСТРАНСТВО',
+  'New page': 'Новая страница',
+  'Search pages': 'Поиск страниц',
+  'Sort pages': 'Сортировка страниц',
+  'Recently edited': 'Недавно изменённые',
+  'Name A–Z': 'По названию А–Я',
+  'Library view': 'Вид библиотеки',
+  'Grid view': 'Сетка',
+  'List view': 'Список',
+  'Search results': 'Результаты поиска',
+  'All pages': 'Все страницы',
+  '{count} page|{count} pages':
+    '{count} страница|{count} страницы|{count} страниц',
+  'An empty page, ready to write.': 'Пустая страница, готова к записям.',
+  'Edited {date}': 'Изменено: {date}',
+  'No matching pages': 'Подходящих страниц нет',
+  'Try a different title or phrase.': 'Попробуйте другое название или фразу.',
+  'Create your first page to start organizing this Space.':
+    'Создайте первую страницу, чтобы начать наполнять это Пространство.',
+  'Page conversation': 'Беседа по странице',
+  'Close page chat': 'Закрыть чат страницы',
+  'Add a specialist to work with this Space.':
+    'Добавьте специалиста для работы с этим Пространством.',
+  'Create specialist': 'Создать специалиста',
+  'Connect your assistant to chat about this page.':
+    'Подключите ассистента, чтобы обсуждать эту страницу.',
+  'Set up assistant': 'Настроить ассистента',
+  'Ask about this page': 'Спросить об этой странице',
+  'Ask about this page…': 'Спросите об этой странице…',
+  'Page specialist': 'Специалист по странице',
+  'Assistant paused': 'Ассистент на паузе',
+  'Uses this saved page': 'Использует эту сохранённую страницу',
+  'Send to page assistant': 'Отправить ассистенту страницы',
+  'Save or resolve your document changes before starting page chat.':
+    'Сохраните или разрешите изменения документа, прежде чем начинать чат по странице.',
+  'Could not open page chat.': 'Не удалось открыть чат страницы.',
+  'Pages in this Space': 'Страницы этого Пространства',
+  'New page in outline': 'Новая страница в структуре',
+  'Close page outline': 'Закрыть структуру страниц',
+
+  // Document
+  'Load the latest saved page and replace this draft? Download your draft first if you want to keep it.':
+    'Загрузить последнюю сохранённую версию и заменить этот черновик? Сначала скачайте черновик, если хотите его сохранить.',
+  'Your draft changed while loading. Choose Load latest again to replace it.':
+    'Черновик изменился во время загрузки. Нажмите «Загрузить последнюю» ещё раз, чтобы заменить его.',
+  'Could not load the latest page. Your draft is unchanged.':
+    'Не удалось загрузить последнюю версию страницы. Черновик не изменён.',
+  'Saving…': 'Сохранение…',
+  'All changes saved': 'Все изменения сохранены',
+  'Unsaved changes': 'Есть несохранённые изменения',
+  'Changes need review': 'Изменения требуют проверки',
+  'Could not save': 'Не удалось сохранить',
+  'Document workspace': 'Рабочая область документа',
+  'Toggle page outline': 'Показать или скрыть структуру страниц',
+  'Save now · ⌘/Ctrl S': 'Сохранить сейчас · ⌘/Ctrl S',
+  'Visual editor': 'Визуальный редактор',
+  'Markdown source': 'Исходный Markdown',
+  'This document needs source mode.':
+    'Этот документ нужно открыть в режиме исходника.',
+  'Move page': 'Переместить страницу',
+  'New subpage': 'Новая подстраница',
+  'Download Markdown': 'Скачать Markdown',
+  'Open source conversation': 'Открыть исходную беседу',
+  'Delete page': 'Удалить страницу',
+  'Delete "{title}"? This can\'t be undone. Any subpages will move to this page\'s parent.':
+    'Удалить «{title}»? Это нельзя отменить. Подстраницы будут перенесены к родителю этой страницы.',
+  'Could not delete page.': 'Не удалось удалить страницу.',
+  'Retry save': 'Повторить сохранение',
+  'Download draft': 'Скачать черновик',
+  'Load latest': 'Загрузить последнюю',
+  Dismiss: 'Закрыть',
+  'Move under': 'Переместить в',
+  'Parent page': 'Родительская страница',
+  'Space root': 'Корень Пространства',
+  Done: 'Готово',
+  'Page Markdown': 'Markdown страницы',
+  'Loading editor…': 'Загрузка редактора…',
+  'Page actions': 'Действия со страницей',
+  'Text formatting': 'Форматирование текста',
+  Bold: 'Жирный',
+  'Bold (⌘/Ctrl B)': 'Жирный (⌘/Ctrl B)',
+  Italic: 'Курсив',
+  'Italic (⌘/Ctrl I)': 'Курсив (⌘/Ctrl I)',
+  'Bullet list': 'Маркированный список',
+  'Numbered list': 'Нумерованный список',
+  Quote: 'Цитата',
+  'Add link': 'Добавить ссылку',
+  Undo: 'Отменить',
+  Redo: 'Повторить',
+  'Start writing, or type / for blocks…':
+    'Начните писать или введите / для блоков…',
+  'Page content': 'Содержимое страницы',
+  'Images and embedded content are not supported here. Use Markdown source to keep their original markup.':
+    'Изображения и встроенный контент здесь не поддерживаются. Используйте исходный Markdown, чтобы сохранить их разметку.',
+  'Link URL (https:// or an internal page link)':
+    'Адрес ссылки (https:// или внутренняя ссылка на страницу)',
+  'Use a public http(s) URL or an internal page link.':
+    'Используйте публичный адрес http(s) или внутреннюю ссылку на страницу.',
+  'Type {key} for blocks · ⌘/Ctrl + S to save':
+    'Введите {key} для блоков · ⌘/Ctrl + S — сохранить',
+  Text: 'Текст',
+  'Start with a plain paragraph': 'Начать с обычного абзаца',
+  'Heading {level}': 'Заголовок {level}',
+  'A large section heading': 'Крупный заголовок раздела',
+  'A medium section heading': 'Средний заголовок раздела',
+  'A small section heading': 'Мелкий заголовок раздела',
+  'A simple unordered list': 'Простой маркированный список',
+  'An ordered sequence': 'Упорядоченная последовательность',
+  Checklist: 'Чек-лист',
+  'Track things to do': 'Следить за делами',
+  'Highlight a passage': 'Выделить отрывок',
+  Code: 'Код',
+  'A code block': 'Блок кода',
+  Divider: 'Разделитель',
+  'Separate sections': 'Разделить разделы',
+  Table: 'Таблица',
+  'Three columns with a header': 'Три столбца с заголовком',
+  'INSERT BLOCK': 'ВСТАВИТЬ БЛОК',
+  'No matching blocks': 'Подходящих блоков нет',
+  'Insert block': 'Вставить блок',
+  'This document contains extended Markdown. Source mode preserves it exactly.':
+    'Документ содержит расширенный Markdown. Режим исходника сохранит его без изменений.',
+  'This document contains images, HTML, or formatting that needs Markdown source mode. Nothing has been changed.':
+    'Документ содержит изображения, HTML или форматирование, для которых нужен режим исходного Markdown. Ничего не изменено.',
+  'Some formatting cannot be safely round-tripped. Source mode keeps the original document intact.':
+    'Часть форматирования нельзя безопасно преобразовать туда и обратно. Режим исходника сохранит документ как есть.',
+  'This Markdown needs source mode to preserve its contents.':
+    'Чтобы сохранить содержимое, этот Markdown нужно редактировать в режиме исходника.',
+  'This page changed elsewhere. Your draft is safe. Copy it before loading the latest version.':
+    'Эта страница изменена в другом месте. Ваш черновик цел. Скопируйте его, прежде чем загружать последнюю версию.',
+  'Use a title up to 160 characters and a document up to 100,000 characters. Your draft is still here.':
+    'Используйте название до 160 символов и документ до 100 000 символов. Ваш черновик на месте.',
+  'Saving timed out. Your draft is safe; retry when connected.':
+    'Время сохранения истекло. Черновик цел; повторите, когда появится связь.',
+  'A newer revision exists. Your draft is preserved.':
+    'Существует более новая версия. Ваш черновик сохранён.',
+  'Could not save. Your draft is safe.': 'Не удалось сохранить. Черновик цел.',
+  'Conversation context has not loaded. Retry before sending.':
+    'Контекст беседы не загружен. Повторите перед отправкой.',
+
+  // Review and approval cards
+  'Could not restore this review.': 'Не удалось восстановить эту проверку.',
+  'Could not save the approved draft.':
+    'Не удалось сохранить одобренный черновик.',
+  'Review page draft': 'Проверка черновика страницы',
+  'Review changed': 'Проверка изменилась',
+  'Saved, then deleted': 'Сохранено, затем удалено',
+  'Saved to your Space': 'Сохранено в ваше Пространство',
+  'Checking saved review…': 'Проверяем сохранённую проверку…',
+  'Review ended': 'Проверка завершена',
+  'Ready for your review': 'Готово к вашей проверке',
+  'Needs new review': 'Нужна новая проверка',
+  Approved: 'Одобрено',
+  Checking: 'Проверка',
+  'Not saved': 'Не сохранено',
+  'You decide': 'Решаете вы',
+  'Preparing your draft…': 'Готовим черновик…',
+  'This review was saved with a different draft. Start a new review for the changed draft.':
+    'Эта проверка сохранена с другим черновиком. Начните новую проверку для изменённого черновика.',
+  'Retry review': 'Повторить проверку',
+  'Open saved page': 'Открыть сохранённую страницу',
+  'Open page': 'Открыть страницу',
+  'Continue conversation': 'Продолжить беседу',
+  'Approve & save': 'Одобрить и сохранить',
+  Decline: 'Отклонить',
+  'Checking whether this draft was already saved.':
+    'Проверяем, не был ли этот черновик уже сохранён.',
+  'No page was saved.': 'Страница не сохранена.',
+  'Nothing is saved until you approve.':
+    'Ничего не сохраняется, пока вы не одобрите.',
+  'Could not load this request.': 'Не удалось загрузить этот запрос.',
+  'Could not check this action.': 'Не удалось проверить это действие.',
+  'Could not run this action.': 'Не удалось выполнить это действие.',
+  'Approve connected-service action': 'Одобрить действие подключённого сервиса',
+  'Connected service': 'Подключённый сервис',
+  Declined: 'Отклонено',
+  Ended: 'Завершено',
+  'Needs your approval': 'Нужно ваше одобрение',
+  'Preparing the action…': 'Готовим действие…',
+  'Cannot run': 'Нельзя выполнить',
+  'This card’s saved result belongs to a different approval request. Nothing was run for this one.':
+    'Сохранённый результат этой карточки относится к другому запросу на одобрение. Для этого запроса ничего не выполнялось.',
+  'Service error': 'Ошибка сервиса',
+  'Service response': 'Ответ сервиса',
+  'Running…': 'Выполняется…',
+  'Retry & run': 'Повторить и выполнить',
+  'Approve & run': 'Одобрить и выполнить',
+  'This action is still running on the server.':
+    'Это действие всё ещё выполняется на сервере.',
+  'No result was saved for the previous run. Retrying can repeat the action if the service completed it before the interruption.':
+    'Результат предыдущего запуска не сохранён. Повтор может выполнить действие ещё раз, если сервис успел завершить его до прерывания.',
+  'Nothing runs until you approve. These are the exact arguments.':
+    'Ничего не выполнится, пока вы не одобрите. Это точные аргументы.',
+
+  // Settings and dialogs
+  'A space for something.': 'Пространство для чего-то важного.',
+  'Make this Dot yours.': 'Настройте этого Dot под себя.',
+  'Meet your next specialist.': 'Знакомьтесь с новым специалистом.',
+  'Your workspace, your rules.': 'Ваше пространство — ваши правила.',
+  'Something to remember.': 'Кое-что стоит запомнить.',
+  'Let your Dot keep time.': 'Пусть ваш Dot следит за временем.',
+  'Close dialog': 'Закрыть окно',
+  'OPENDOTS TEMPLATE': 'ШАБЛОН OPENDOTS',
+  'Could not save. Review the workspace error and retry.':
+    'Не удалось сохранить. Проверьте ошибку рабочего пространства и повторите.',
+  Name: 'Имя',
+  'Role instructions': 'Инструкции для роли',
+  'What belongs here?': 'Что здесь будет?',
+  'Preference or context': 'Предпочтение или контекст',
+  'Task to revisit': 'Задача к повторному выполнению',
+  'You are a thoughtful research partner. Compare evidence and be clear about uncertainty.':
+    'Вы — вдумчивый партнёр по исследованиям. Сопоставляйте доказательства и прямо говорите о неопределённости.',
+  'Space access': 'Доступ к Пространствам',
+  'Choose where this Dot can read and edit pages.':
+    'Выберите, где этот Dot может читать и редактировать страницы.',
+  'Default destination for saved pages': 'Куда сохранять страницы по умолчанию',
+  'Choose a Space': 'Выберите Пространство',
+  'Public-page research': 'Изучение публичных страниц',
+  'Allow the server-side read-only browser tool. Global settings always take precedence.':
+    'Разрешить серверный браузер только для чтения. Глобальные настройки всегда в приоритете.',
+  'Use saved memories': 'Использовать сохранённую память',
+  'Include your preferences in new turns. Changing permission stops active work.':
+    'Учитывать ваши предпочтения в новых ходах. Изменение разрешения останавливает текущую работу.',
+  'Connected apps': 'Подключённые приложения',
+  'Allow access to the owner’s apps through Composio. Global settings always take precedence.':
+    'Разрешить доступ к приложениям владельца через Composio. Глобальные настройки всегда в приоритете.',
+  'Toolkit slugs': 'Идентификаторы наборов инструментов',
+  'Optional comma-separated Composio toolkit slugs. Leave blank to let the Dot search all available toolkits.':
+    'Необязательные идентификаторы наборов Composio через запятую. Оставьте пустым, чтобы Dot искал среди всех доступных наборов.',
+  'Automatic Learning': 'Автоматическое обучение',
+  'Learning container ID': 'ID контейнера обучения',
+  'Create this container in your Intelligence project first. New conversations will contribute evidence to it. Leave blank to keep new conversations out of Learning. Existing conversations retain their original assignment.':
+    'Сначала создайте этот контейнер в проекте Intelligence. Новые беседы будут добавлять в него данные. Оставьте пустым, чтобы новые беседы не участвовали в обучении. Существующие беседы сохраняют прежнее назначение.',
+  'Use published skills': 'Использовать опубликованные навыки',
+  'Load reviewed skills from each conversation’s assigned container. Enable delivery in Intelligence too. Turning this off stops skill loading; it does not stop evidence collection.':
+    'Загружать проверенные навыки из контейнера, назначенного каждой беседе. Включите доставку и в Intelligence. Отключение останавливает загрузку навыков, но не сбор данных.',
+  'Set up Learning and review skills': 'Настроить обучение и проверять навыки',
+  'Repeat after each successful run':
+    'Повторять после каждого успешного запуска',
+  'Every minute (testing)': 'Каждую минуту (тест)',
+  'Every hour': 'Каждый час',
+  'Every day': 'Каждый день',
+  'Every week': 'Каждую неделю',
+  'Runs on the server in this same conversation, even with the tab closed. Failed or interrupted runs wait for manual retry. Review completed work before retrying an interrupted run.':
+    'Выполняется на сервере в этой же беседе, даже при закрытой вкладке. Неудачные и прерванные запуски ждут ручного повтора. Проверьте выполненную работу, прежде чем повторять прерванный запуск.',
+  Appearance: 'Оформление',
+  System: 'Система',
+  Light: 'Светлая',
+  Dark: 'Тёмная',
+  Language: 'Язык',
+  'Saved in this browser. System follows your device.':
+    'Сохраняется в этом браузере. «Система» следует настройкам устройства.',
+  'Changing the language reloads the page.':
+    'При смене языка страница перезагрузится.',
+  'Service setup': 'Подключение сервисов',
+  Add: 'Добавьте',
+  'to the server environment, then restart.':
+    'в окружение сервера, затем перезапустите.',
+  'Text configuration is present. A successful conversation confirms connectivity.':
+    'Настройки текстового чата есть. Успешная беседа подтвердит подключение.',
+  Voice: 'Голос',
+  'configuration present': 'настроен',
+  'needs VOICE_API_KEY and VOICE_MODEL': 'нужны VOICE_API_KEY и VOICE_MODEL',
+  'Template setup guide': 'Руководство по настройке шаблона',
+  'Memories are explicit preferences, not automatic learning. Avoid secrets; enabled memories go to your model provider.':
+    'Память — это явные предпочтения, а не автоматическое обучение. Не храните секреты: включённые записи передаются вашему провайдеру модели.',
+  Save: 'Сохранить',
+
+  // Connections (MCP)
+  'Could not load connections.': 'Не удалось загрузить подключения.',
+  'Request failed.': 'Запрос не удался.',
+  'Request failed ({status}).': 'Запрос не удался ({status}).',
+  'Server returned an unreadable response.': 'Сервер вернул нечитаемый ответ.',
+  Connections: 'Подключения',
+  'Give this Dot tools from MCP servers. Read-only tools run on their own; anything else asks you in chat before it runs. Tokens stay on the server.':
+    'Дайте этому Dot инструменты с MCP-серверов. Инструменты только для чтения работают сами; для всего остального Dot спросит вас в чате. Токены остаются на сервере.',
+  'token saved': 'токен сохранён',
+  'Refresh {name} tools': 'Обновить инструменты {name}',
+  'Remove {name}': 'Удалить {name}',
+  'Remove {name} from this Dot?': 'Убрать {name} у этого Dot?',
+  'This server offers no tools.': 'У этого сервера нет инструментов.',
+  'read-only': 'только чтение',
+  'Ask first': 'Спрашивать сначала',
+  'Add an MCP server': 'Добавить MCP-сервер',
+  'Name, e.g. GitHub': 'Имя, например GitHub',
+  'MCP server URL': 'Адрес MCP-сервера',
+  'Bearer token (optional)': 'Bearer-токен (необязательно)',
+  Connect: 'Подключить',
+
+  // Computer
+  Brief: 'Справка',
+  '{name}’s computer': 'Компьютер {name}',
+  "{name}'s computer": 'Компьютер {name}',
+  'Close result panel': 'Закрыть панель результатов',
+  'Computer for': 'Компьютер для',
+  'Select Dot computer': 'Выбор компьютера Dot',
+  'Create a Dot to give it a computer.':
+    'Создайте Dot, чтобы дать ему компьютер.',
+  'FICTIONAL SAMPLE BRIEF': 'ВЫМЫШЛЕННАЯ ПРИМЕРНАЯ СПРАВКА',
+  'RESEARCH BRIEF': 'ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКАЯ СПРАВКА',
+  'Download brief': 'Скачать справку',
+  Sources: 'Источники',
+  'An example of what Dot can do. The findings and sources below are invented.':
+    'Пример того, что умеет Dot. Выводы и источники ниже вымышлены.',
+  '[Image: {alt}]': '[Изображение: {alt}]',
+  '[Image omitted]': '[Изображение пропущено]',
+  'Source notes': 'Заметки об источниках',
+  'Fictional source · not a live link':
+    'Вымышленный источник · не настоящая ссылка',
+  'A little space for your findings.': 'Немного места для ваших находок.',
+  'Resolve the error and retry to create a research brief.':
+    'Устраните ошибку и повторите, чтобы создать исследовательскую справку.',
+  'Your brief and sources will appear here after a successful run.':
+    'Справка и источники появятся здесь после успешного запуска.',
+  'Could not refresh the screen.': 'Не удалось обновить экран.',
+  'Could not load the computer.': 'Не удалось загрузить компьютер.',
+  'Computer action failed.': 'Действие на компьютере не удалось.',
+  'Computer status unavailable.': 'Состояние компьютера недоступно.',
+  'Loading computer…': 'Загрузка компьютера…',
+  stopped: 'остановлен',
+  running: 'работает',
+  unavailable: 'недоступен',
+  Refresh: 'Обновить',
+  'Working…': 'Работа…',
+  'You have control': 'Управление у вас',
+  'Dot control': 'Управление у Dot',
+  'Connect a computer service': 'Подключите сервис компьютеров',
+  'This Dot does not have a computer service configured. Configure the server’s computer service URL and token, then restart. Each Dot gets its own browser and workspace.':
+    'Для этого Dot не настроен сервис компьютеров. Укажите адрес и токен сервиса компьютеров на сервере и перезапустите. У каждого Dot свой браузер и рабочая область.',
+  'Computer setup guide': 'Руководство по настройке компьютеров',
+  'Computer tools': 'Инструменты компьютера',
+  Browser: 'Браузер',
+  Files: 'Файлы',
+  Terminal: 'Терминал',
+  'Enable Browser permission to use the screen.':
+    'Включите разрешение «Браузер», чтобы использовать экран.',
+  'Browser URL': 'Адрес в браузере',
+  Go: 'Перейти',
+  'Browser screen': 'Экран браузера',
+  'Click a point on the computer screen': 'Нажмите на точку экрана компьютера',
+  'Computer screen; take control to interact':
+    'Экран компьютера; возьмите управление, чтобы взаимодействовать',
+  'Live browser screen for {name}': 'Живой экран браузера для {name}',
+  'Refreshed {time}. Screen updates while this panel is open.':
+    'Обновлено: {time}. Экран обновляется, пока панель открыта.',
+  'Waiting for the browser screen…': 'Ждём экран браузера…',
+  'Start the computer with Browser permission to see its screen.':
+    'Запустите компьютер с разрешением «Браузер», чтобы увидеть его экран.',
+  '{name} has control': 'Управление у {name}',
+  'Return control': 'Вернуть управление',
+  'Take over': 'Взять управление',
+  'Transferring control…': 'Передача управления…',
+  'Keyboard & precise controls': 'Клавиатура и точное управление',
+  'Click the screen or enter coordinates below. Text goes directly to this browser, outside chat. Return control when finished.':
+    'Нажмите на экран или введите координаты ниже. Текст попадает прямо в этот браузер, минуя чат. Когда закончите, верните управление.',
+  Click: 'Клик',
+  'Text to type into computer': 'Текст для ввода на компьютере',
+  'Type into focused field': 'Ввод в активное поле',
+  Type: 'Ввести',
+  'Key to press': 'Клавиша для нажатия',
+  'Press key': 'Нажать клавишу',
+  'Scroll up': 'Прокрутить вверх',
+  'Scroll down': 'Прокрутить вниз',
+  'Workspace files': 'Файлы рабочей области',
+  'Paths are relative to this Dot’s persistent workspace.':
+    'Пути указываются относительно постоянной рабочей области этого Dot.',
+  Path: 'Путь',
+  'notes.txt': 'notes.txt',
+  'List files': 'Список файлов',
+  'Read file': 'Прочитать файл',
+  'File contents': 'Содержимое файла',
+  'File contents to save': 'Содержимое файла для сохранения',
+  'Save file (replace contents)': 'Сохранить файл (заменить содержимое)',
+  'Enable Workspace files permission to use these controls.':
+    'Включите разрешение «Файлы рабочей области», чтобы использовать эти элементы.',
+  'Runs inside this Dot’s computer. Commands stop after 30 seconds.':
+    'Выполняется внутри компьютера этого Dot. Команды останавливаются через 30 секунд.',
+  'Terminal command': 'Команда терминала',
+  'Run command': 'Выполнить команду',
+  'Enable Terminal commands permission to run commands.':
+    'Включите разрешение «Команды терминала», чтобы выполнять команды.',
+  Output: 'Вывод',
+  'Clear output': 'Очистить вывод',
+  'Recent activity': 'Недавняя активность',
+  'No computer actions yet.': 'Действий на компьютере пока нет.',
+  'Computer settings': 'Настройки компьютера',
+  'Computer permissions': 'Разрешения компьютера',
+  'Choose what {name} and the computer controls can access.':
+    'Выберите, к чему получат доступ {name} и элементы управления компьютером.',
+  'Enable this computer': 'Включить этот компьютер',
+  'Terminal commands': 'Команды терминала',
+  'Start computer': 'Запустить компьютер',
+  'Stop computer': 'Остановить компьютер',
+  'Stopping retains this Dot’s workspace files. Browser sessions may require signing in again.':
+    'При остановке файлы рабочей области этого Dot сохраняются. Браузерные сессии могут потребовать повторного входа.',
+  navigate: 'переход',
+  screenshot: 'снимок экрана',
+  click: 'клик',
+  type: 'ввод',
+  key: 'клавиша',
+  scroll: 'прокрутка',
+  read: 'чтение',
+  snapshot: 'снимок страницы',
+  'files list': 'список файлов',
+  'files read': 'чтение файла',
+  'files write': 'запись файла',
+  exec: 'команда',
+  'human click': 'клик пользователя',
+  'human type': 'ввод пользователя',
+  'human key': 'клавиша пользователя',
+  'human scroll': 'прокрутка пользователя',
+  'Opening website': 'Открываем сайт',
+  'Inspecting browser': 'Изучаем браузер',
+  'Reading page': 'Читаем страницу',
+  'Viewing browser': 'Смотрим в браузер',
+  'Clicking in browser': 'Кликаем в браузере',
+  'Typing in browser': 'Вводим в браузере',
+  'Using keyboard': 'Используем клавиатуру',
+  'Scrolling page': 'Прокручиваем страницу',
+  'Saving file': 'Сохраняем файл',
+  'Reading file': 'Читаем файл',
+  'Listing files': 'Перечисляем файлы',
+  'Running terminal command': 'Выполняем команду терминала',
+  'Using computer': 'Используем компьютер',
+  'Needs attention': 'Требует внимания',
+  Finished: 'Завершено',
+  Working: 'Работает',
+  'Computer preview unavailable.': 'Предпросмотр компьютера недоступен.',
+  '{name} computer: {action}': 'Компьютер {name}: {action}',
+  'Expand {name} computer': 'Развернуть компьютер {name}',
+  'Computer terminal output': 'Вывод терминала компьютера',
+  '{name}’s computer · Current browser view':
+    'Компьютер {name} · Текущий вид браузера',
+  "Current browser view from {name}'s computer":
+    'Текущий вид браузера на компьютере {name}',
+  'Connecting to computer…': 'Подключение к компьютеру…',
+};
diff --git a/src/client/page-context.ts b/src/client/page-context.ts
index 5c6dc942..52716d36 100644
--- a/src/client/page-context.ts
+++ b/src/client/page-context.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { Page } from '../server/pages';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export type PageContext = Pick<Page, 'id' | 'spaceId' | 'title'>;
 export function contextualMessage(
   text: string,
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ export function contextualMessage(
 ) {
   if (context === undefined)
     throw new Error(
-      'Conversation context has not loaded. Retry before sending.',
+      t('Conversation context has not loaded. Retry before sending.'),
     );
   return context
     ? `From [${context.title.replace(/[[\]\\\r\n]/g, '')}](/#/spaces/${context.spaceId}/pages/${context.id}):\n\n${text}`
diff --git a/src/client/page-review-decision.ts b/src/client/page-review-decision.ts
index 2af60d8e..31e6bb78 100644
--- a/src/client/page-review-decision.ts
+++ b/src/client/page-review-decision.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { pageReviewSchema, type PageReviewDraft } from '../shared/page-review';
 import type { ReviewedPage } from '../server/pages';
 import { api } from './api';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 
 const reviewPath = (threadId: string) =>
   `/conversations/${encodeURIComponent(threadId)}/reviewed-page`;
@@ -48,7 +49,9 @@ export async function decidePageReview(
   if (previous) {
     if (!matchesReviewedDraft(previous, args))
       throw new Error(
-        'This review was saved with a different draft. Start a new review for the changed draft.',
+        t(
+          'This review was saved with a different draft. Start a new review for the changed draft.',
+        ),
       );
     return previous;
   }
diff --git a/src/client/poll-notice.ts b/src/client/poll-notice.ts
index c2400f0c..20833e17 100644
--- a/src/client/poll-notice.ts
+++ b/src/client/poll-notice.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { t } from './i18n';
 export interface Notices {
   refresh: string;
   capture: string;
@@ -10,7 +11,9 @@ export interface PollFailure {
   message: string;
 }
 
-const TRANSPORT_MESSAGES = new Set(['Server returned an unreadable response.']);
+const TRANSPORT_MESSAGES = new Set([
+  t('Server returned an unreadable response.'),
+]);
 
 // A failure that carries no HTTP status did not come from the API, so it is a
 // network failure (fetch throws a TypeError whose text differs by browser).
diff --git a/src/client/useVoice.ts b/src/client/useVoice.ts
index 875a1006..39dacaba 100644
--- a/src/client/useVoice.ts
+++ b/src/client/useVoice.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { api, authHeaders } from './api';
+import { t } from './i18n';
 // A single failed control poll is usually a network flap, not a dead call.
 // Only treat the control connection as lost after this many consecutive
 // poll failures, mirroring the grace period #26 gives the peer connection.
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ export function useVoice(
       setError(
         e instanceof Error
           ? e.message
-          : 'Call ended, but its receipt could not be saved.',
+          : t('Call ended, but its receipt could not be saved.'),
       );
     } finally {
       closeMedia();
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ export function useVoice(
             current.controlPollFailures += 1;
             if (current.controlPollFailures < CONTROL_POLL_FAILURE_LIMIT)
               return;
-            setError('Call control connection was lost.');
+            setError(t('Call control connection was lost.'));
             void end();
           });
     }, 2000);
@@ -180,7 +181,9 @@ export function useVoice(
         void audio.play().catch(() => {
           if (!current.cancelled)
             setError(
-              'Audio playback was blocked. Check your browser audio permissions.',
+              t(
+                'Audio playback was blocked. Check your browser audio permissions.',
+              ),
             );
         });
       };
@@ -203,12 +206,12 @@ export function useVoice(
             current.disconnectTimer = undefined;
             if (current.cancelled || pc.connectionState !== 'disconnected')
               return;
-            setError('The voice connection dropped.');
+            setError(t('The voice connection dropped.'));
             void end();
           }, 5000);
         }
         if (pc.connectionState === 'failed') {
-          setError('The voice connection dropped.');
+          setError(t('The voice connection dropped.'));
           void end();
         }
       };
@@ -251,7 +254,9 @@ export function useVoice(
         }
         if (data.type === 'error')
           setError(
-            'The voice provider reported a session error. End the call and retry.',
+            t(
+              'The voice provider reported a session error. End the call and retry.',
+            ),
           );
         if (
           data.type !== 'response.function_call_arguments.done' ||
@@ -331,7 +336,9 @@ export function useVoice(
       closeMedia();
       session.current = undefined;
       setStatus('idle');
-      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'Could not connect the call.');
+      setError(
+        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t('Could not connect the call.'),
+      );
     } finally {
       if (attempt === generation.current) connecting.current = false;
     }
diff --git a/tests/i18n.test.ts b/tests/i18n.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4ff3bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/i18n.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+async function load(language: string, stored?: string) {
+  vi.resetModules();
+  vi.stubGlobal('navigator', { language });
+  vi.stubGlobal('localStorage', {
+    getItem: () => stored ?? null,
+    setItem: () => undefined,
+    removeItem: () => undefined,
+  });
+  return import('../src/client/i18n');
+}
+
+afterEach(() => vi.unstubAllGlobals());
+
+describe('i18n', () => {
+  it('keeps English source text outside Russian locales', async () => {
+    const { t, tp, locale } = await load('en-US');
+    expect(locale).toBe('en');
+    expect(t('Message {name}…', { name: 'Scout' })).toBe('Message Scout…');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 1)).toBe('1 page');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 2)).toBe('2 pages');
+  });
+
+  it('translates to Russian for a Russian browser and falls back to English', async () => {
+    const { t, tp, locale } = await load('ru-RU');
+    expect(locale).toBe('ru');
+    expect(t('New chat')).toBe('Новый чат');
+    expect(t('Message {name}…', { name: 'Scout' })).toBe(
+      'Сообщение для Scout…',
+    );
+    expect(t('A string without a translation')).toBe(
+      'A string without a translation',
+    );
+    const pages = 'Pages: {count} page|{count} pages';
+    expect(tp(pages, 3)).toBe('3 pages');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 1)).toBe('1 страница');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 3)).toBe('3 страницы');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 5)).toBe('5 страниц');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 11)).toBe('11 страниц');
+    expect(tp('{count} page|{count} pages', 21)).toBe('21 страница');
+  });
+
+  it('lets a saved preference override the browser language', async () => {
+    expect((await load('ru-RU', 'en')).locale).toBe('en');
+    expect((await load('en-US', 'ru')).locale).toBe('ru');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps placeholders identical in every Russian entry', async () => {
+    const { ru } = await import('../src/client/locales/ru');
+    const placeholders = (text: string) =>
+      [...text.matchAll(/\{\w+\}/g)].map((match) => match[0]).sort();
+    for (const [source, translation] of Object.entries(ru))
+      for (const placeholder of new Set(placeholders(source)))
+        expect(translation, source).toContain(placeholder);
+  });
+});