From 90e2c3b97cc9781162725acee095abd66f9a7e80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 2026 19:35:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] feat: Implement basic chat-app concept

---
 chat-app/.gitignore                |    1 +
 chat-app/backend/index.js          |   74 ++
 chat-app/backend/package-lock.json | 1223 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 chat-app/backend/package.json      |   20 +
 chat-app/frontend/index.html       |   50 ++
 chat-app/frontend/script.js        |  123 +++
 6 files changed, 1491 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 chat-app/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 chat-app/backend/index.js
 create mode 100644 chat-app/backend/package-lock.json
 create mode 100644 chat-app/backend/package.json
 create mode 100644 chat-app/frontend/index.html
 create mode 100644 chat-app/frontend/script.js

diff --git a/chat-app/.gitignore b/chat-app/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2658d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat-app/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules/
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7e57753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import express from "express";
+import cors from "cors";
+
+const app = express();
+app.use(cors());
+app.use(express.json());
+
+const port = 3000;
+const messages = [
+  {
+    message: "Hello",
+    user: "Jane",
+    time: Date.now() - 6000,
+  },
+  {
+    message: "Hey",
+    user: "John",
+    time: Date.now() - 3000,
+  },
+  {
+    message: "Hi",
+    user: "Bob",
+    time: Date.now(),
+  },
+];
+const callbacksForNewMessages = [];
+
+app.get("/", (req, res) => {
+  res.json({ message: `Welcome to my Chat Application!` });
+});
+
+app.get("/messages", (req, res) => {
+  let since = Number(req.query.since);
+  let longPoll = req.query.longPoll === "true";
+
+  if (since) {
+    const messagesToSend = messages.filter((msg) => msg.time > since);
+    if (messagesToSend.length === 0 && longPoll) {
+      callbacksForNewMessages.push((val) => res.json(val));
+      return;
+    } else res.json(messagesToSend);
+    return;
+  }
+  res.json(messages);
+});
+
+app.post("/messages", (req, res) => {
+  const { message, user } = req.body;
+
+  if (
+    typeof message !== "string" ||
+    typeof user !== "string" ||
+    !message.trim() ||
+    !user.trim()
+  ) {
+    res.status(400).json({ error: `Message and user are required!` });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  messages.push({
+    message,
+    user,
+    time: Date.now(),
+  });
+  while (callbacksForNewMessages.length > 0) {
+    const callback = callbacksForNewMessages.pop();
+    callback([messages[messages.length - 1]]);
+  }
+  res.status(201).json({ success: true });
+});
+
+app.listen(port, () => {
+  console.log(`Chat server listening on port ${port}`);
+});
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json b/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f055b3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1223 @@
+{
+  "name": "chat-application",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "chat-application",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
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+        "cors": "^2.8.6",
+        "express": "^5.2.1"
+      },
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+      }
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+      "license": "MIT",
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diff --git a/chat-app/backend/package.json b/chat-app/backend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..342edcde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat-app/backend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "name": "chat-application",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "chat application",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "author": "",
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
+    "start": "nodemon ./index.js"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "cors": "^2.8.6",
+    "express": "^5.2.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "nodemon": "^3.1.14"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/index.html b/chat-app/frontend/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a934b852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Chat Application</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <header>
+      <h1>Chat App</h1>
+    </header>
+    <main>
+      <form id="polling-form">
+        <fieldset>
+          <legend>Please select your preferred fetch method:</legend>
+          <div>
+            <input
+              type="radio"
+              id="regular-polling"
+              name="polling"
+              value="regular"
+              checked
+            />
+            <label for="regular-polling">Regular polling</label>
+
+            <input type="radio" id="long-polling" name="polling" value="long" />
+            <label for="long-polling">Long polling</label>
+          </div>
+        </fieldset>
+      </form>
+      <div>
+        <p id="feedback"></p>
+        <form id="send-message">
+          <label for="user"
+            >User:
+            <input type="text" name="user" id="user" required />
+          </label>
+          <label for="message"
+            >Enter your message:
+            <input type="text" name="message" id="message" required />
+          </label>
+          <button>Send Message</button>
+        </form>
+      </div>
+      <h2>Posts</h2>
+      <div id="display-message"></div>
+    </main>
+    <script src="script.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/script.js b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf0a211f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+let pollingForm = document.getElementById("polling-form");
+let formEl = document.getElementById("send-message");
+let userEl = document.getElementById("user");
+let messageEl = document.getElementById("message");
+let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
+let feedbackEl = document.getElementById("feedback");
+
+const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io/messages`;
+// const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000/messages";
+const state = { messages: [] };
+let pollingMode = "regular";
+let longPoll = false;
+let isFetching = false;
+
+pollingForm.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
+  e.preventDefault();
+
+  pollingMode = e.target.value;
+  longPoll = pollingMode === "long";
+
+  feedbackEl.innerHTML = `
+  <p>${longPoll ? "Using long polling" : "Using regular polling"}</p>
+  `;
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    feedbackEl.innerHTML = "";
+  }, 3000);
+});
+
+async function keepFetchingMessages() {
+  if (isFetching) return;
+  isFetching = true;
+
+  const lastMsgTime =
+    state.messages.length > 0
+      ? state.messages[state.messages.length - 1].time
+      : null;
+
+  const queryString = lastMsgTime
+    ? `?since=${lastMsgTime}${longPoll ? "&longPoll=true" : ""}`
+    : "";
+  const url = `${serverURL}${queryString}`;
+
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(url);
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      throw new Error(`Status: ${response.status}`);
+    }
+    const updatedMessages = await response.json();
+
+    if (updatedMessages.length > 0) {
+      state.messages.push(...updatedMessages);
+      displayMessages();
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(error.message);
+    displayBox.innerHTML = `<p>Error: Server is down!</p>`;
+  } finally {
+    isFetching = false;
+  }
+  if (longPoll) {
+    keepFetchingMessages();
+  } else {
+    setTimeout(keepFetchingMessages, 100);
+  }
+}
+
+function displayMessages() {
+  displayBox.innerHTML = state.messages
+    .map(
+      (msg) =>
+        `<div>
+            <p>
+                <strong>${msg.user}: ${msg.message} </strong>
+                <small>${new Date(msg.time).toLocaleString()}</small>
+            </p>
+            </div>
+        `,
+    )
+    .join("");
+}
+
+async function handleSubmit(event) {
+  event.preventDefault();
+
+  let message = messageEl.value;
+  let user = userEl.value;
+
+  if (!message || !user) {
+    feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>Field cannot be empty!</p>`;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(serverURL, {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ user, message }),
+    });
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>${await response.text()}</p>`;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>Message sent!</p>`;
+
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      feedbackEl.innerHTML = "";
+    }, 3000);
+
+    // userEl.value = ""; //Clear user for same browser, but diff browsers for users ? leave the username foreach user's browser
+    messageEl.value = "";
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(error.message);
+    feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>Something went wrong.</p>`;
+  }
+}
+
+formEl.addEventListener("submit", handleSubmit);
+
+keepFetchingMessages();

From 1518e8bb9983952fd1726a4efb629c5e895ce82e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 22 May 2026 13:03:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] feat: Implement like and dislike buttons logic

---
 chat-app/.gitignore         |  1 +
 chat-app/README.md          | 17 ++++++------
 chat-app/backend/index.js   | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 chat-app/frontend/script.js | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 4 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/.gitignore b/chat-app/.gitignore
index c2658d7d..2752eb92 100644
--- a/chat-app/.gitignore
+++ b/chat-app/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 node_modules/
+.DS_Store
diff --git a/chat-app/README.md b/chat-app/README.md
index d26b1a13..ee46cd43 100644
--- a/chat-app/README.md
+++ b/chat-app/README.md
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ https://sdc.codeyourfuture.io/decomposition/sprints/2/prep/
 You must complete and deploy a chat application. You have two weeks to complete this.
 
 It must support at least the following requirements:
-* As a user, I can send add a message to the chat.
-* As a user, when I open the chat I see the messages that have been sent by any user.
-* As a user, when someone sends a message, it gets added to what I see.
+
+- As a user, I can send add a message to the chat.
+- As a user, when I open the chat I see the messages that have been sent by any user.
+- As a user, when someone sends a message, it gets added to what I see.
 
 It must also support at least one additional feature.
 
@@ -27,8 +28,8 @@ Exploring and understanding different ways of sending information between a clie
 
 ### How to submit
 
-* Fork the Module-Decomposition repository
-* Develop and deploy your chat app
-* Create a pull request back into the original Module-Decomposition repo, including:
-    * A link to the deployed frontend on the CYF hosting environment
-    * A link to the deployed backend on the CYF hosting environment
+- Fork the Module-Decomposition repository
+- Develop and deploy your chat app
+- Create a pull request back into the original Module-Decomposition repo, including:
+  - A link to the deployed frontend on the CYF hosting environment
+  - A link to the deployed backend on the CYF hosting environment
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
index d7e57753..6c22c1c5 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/index.js
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -6,21 +6,31 @@ app.use(cors());
 app.use(express.json());
 
 const port = 3000;
+let nextMessageId = 1;
 const messages = [
   {
+    id: nextMessageId++,
     message: "Hello",
     user: "Jane",
     time: Date.now() - 6000,
+    likes: 1,
+    dislikes: 2,
   },
   {
+    id: nextMessageId++,
     message: "Hey",
     user: "John",
     time: Date.now() - 3000,
+    likes: 1,
+    dislikes: 2,
   },
   {
+    id: nextMessageId++,
     message: "Hi",
     user: "Bob",
     time: Date.now(),
+    likes: 1,
+    dislikes: 2,
   },
 ];
 const callbacksForNewMessages = [];
@@ -57,11 +67,16 @@ app.post("/messages", (req, res) => {
     return;
   }
 
-  messages.push({
+  const newMessage = {
+    id: nextMessageId++,
     message,
     user,
     time: Date.now(),
-  });
+    likes: 0,
+    dislikes: 0,
+  };
+
+  messages.push(newMessage);
   while (callbacksForNewMessages.length > 0) {
     const callback = callbacksForNewMessages.pop();
     callback([messages[messages.length - 1]]);
@@ -69,6 +84,30 @@ app.post("/messages", (req, res) => {
   res.status(201).json({ success: true });
 });
 
+app.post("/messages/:id/like", (req, res) => {
+  const id = Number(req.params.id);
+  const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
+
+  if (!message) {
+    res.status(404).json({ error: "Message not found" });
+    return;
+  }
+  message.likes++;
+  res.json(message);
+});
+
+app.post("/messages/:id/dislike", (req, res) => {
+  const id = Number(req.params.id);
+  const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
+
+  if (!message) {
+    res.status(404).json({ error: "Message not found" });
+    return;
+  }
+  message.dislikes++;
+  res.json(message);
+});
+
 app.listen(port, () => {
   console.log(`Chat server listening on port ${port}`);
 });
diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/script.js b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
index bf0a211f..ba844adc 100644
--- a/chat-app/frontend/script.js
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ let messageEl = document.getElementById("message");
 let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
 let feedbackEl = document.getElementById("feedback");
 
-const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io/messages`;
-// const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000/messages";
+// const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io/messages`;
+const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000/messages";
 const state = { messages: [] };
 let pollingMode = "regular";
 let longPoll = false;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pollingForm.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
   longPoll = pollingMode === "long";
 
   feedbackEl.innerHTML = `
-  <p>${longPoll ? "Using long polling" : "Using regular polling"}</p>
+  <p>${longPoll ? "Using long polling!" : "Using regular polling!"}</p>
   `;
   setTimeout(() => {
     feedbackEl.innerHTML = "";
@@ -60,7 +60,49 @@ async function keepFetchingMessages() {
   if (longPoll) {
     keepFetchingMessages();
   } else {
-    setTimeout(keepFetchingMessages, 100);
+    setTimeout(keepFetchingMessages, 2000);
+  }
+}
+
+async function likeMessage(msgId) {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(`${serverURL}/${msgId}/like`, {
+      method: "POST",
+    });
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>${await response.text()}</p>`;
+      return;
+    }
+    const updatedMessage = await response.json();
+
+    state.messages = state.messages.map((msg) =>
+      msg.id === updatedMessage.id ? updatedMessage : msg,
+    );
+    displayMessages();
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(error.message);
+  }
+}
+
+async function dislikeMessage(msgId) {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(`${serverURL}/${msgId}/dislike`, {
+      method: "POST",
+    });
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>${await response.text()}</p>`;
+      return;
+    }
+    const updatedMessage = await response.json();
+
+    state.messages = state.messages.map((msg) =>
+      msg.id === updatedMessage.id ? updatedMessage : msg,
+    );
+    displayMessages();
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(error.message);
   }
 }
 
@@ -73,6 +115,8 @@ function displayMessages() {
                 <strong>${msg.user}: ${msg.message} </strong>
                 <small>${new Date(msg.time).toLocaleString()}</small>
             </p>
+            <button onclick="likeMessage(${msg.id})">${msg.likes} 👍 </button>
+            <button onclick="dislikeMessage(${msg.id})">${msg.dislikes} 👎 </button>
             </div>
         `,
     )

From c310b9c7c8f6a51da33d1d1e352bf53d619a349d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 11:26:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] chore: cleanup code

---
 chat-app/README.md                 | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 chat-app/backend/index.js          |  4 +++-
 chat-app/backend/package-lock.json | 13 +++++++++++++
 chat-app/backend/package.json      |  4 +++-
 chat-app/frontend/script.js        |  4 ++--
 5 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/README.md b/chat-app/README.md
index ee46cd43..9980eea1 100644
--- a/chat-app/README.md
+++ b/chat-app/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 # Write and Deploy Chat Application Frontend and Backend
 
+### To start the program
+
+First install dependencies:
+
+```bash
+npm install
+```
+
+From `/backend` directory:
+
+Option 1. Production mode
+
+```bash
+npm start
+```
+
+Option 2. Development mode
+
+```bash
+npm run dev
+```
+
 ### Link to the coursework
 
 https://sdc.codeyourfuture.io/decomposition/sprints/2/prep/
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
index 6c22c1c5..6bbe52a0 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/index.js
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import express from "express";
 import cors from "cors";
+import dotenv from "dotenv";
 
 const app = express();
 app.use(cors());
 app.use(express.json());
+app.use(dotenv())
 
-const port = 3000;
+const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
 let nextMessageId = 1;
 const messages = [
   {
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json b/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json
index f055b3ca..07ae784a 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json
+++ b/chat-app/backend/package-lock.json
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
         "cors": "^2.8.6",
+        "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
         "express": "^5.2.1"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -262,6 +263,18 @@
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/dotenv": {
+      "version": "17.4.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dotenv/-/dotenv-17.4.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nI4U3TottKAcAD9LLud4Cb7b2QztQMUEfHbvhTH09bqXTxnSie8WnjPALV/WMCrJZ6UV/qHJ6L03OqO3LcdYZw==",
+      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://dotenvx.com"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/dunder-proto": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dunder-proto/-/dunder-proto-1.0.1.tgz",
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/package.json b/chat-app/backend/package.json
index 342edcde..d8008f23 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/package.json
+++ b/chat-app/backend/package.json
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
   "main": "index.js",
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
-    "start": "nodemon ./index.js"
+    "start": "node index.js",
+    "dev": "nodemon index.js"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "cors": "^2.8.6",
+    "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
     "express": "^5.2.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/script.js b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
index ba844adc..bae02b34 100644
--- a/chat-app/frontend/script.js
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ let messageEl = document.getElementById("message");
 let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
 let feedbackEl = document.getElementById("feedback");
 
-// const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io/messages`;
-const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000/messages";
+const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io/messages`;
+// const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000/messages";
 const state = { messages: [] };
 let pollingMode = "regular";
 let longPoll = false;

From 9b80f19ca29d176ace702a9e524a8e3236ac530e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 12:49:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] fix: Remove dotenv since not used

---
 chat-app/backend/index.js     | 2 --
 chat-app/backend/package.json | 1 -
 2 files changed, 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
index 6bbe52a0..3d9d935b 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/index.js
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import express from "express";
 import cors from "cors";
-import dotenv from "dotenv";
 
 const app = express();
 app.use(cors());
 app.use(express.json());
-app.use(dotenv())
 
 const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
 let nextMessageId = 1;
diff --git a/chat-app/backend/package.json b/chat-app/backend/package.json
index d8008f23..f7eb3994 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/package.json
+++ b/chat-app/backend/package.json
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "cors": "^2.8.6",
-    "dotenv": "^17.4.2",
     "express": "^5.2.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {

From 85ad07e0aa43250495c8557319e74b4463595f3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 13:33:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] fix: Modify endpoints to accomodate like feature

---
 chat-app/backend/index.js   | 10 +++-------
 chat-app/frontend/script.js |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
index 3d9d935b..d4294818 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/index.js
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ const messages = [
 const callbacksForNewMessages = [];
 
 app.get("/", (req, res) => {
-  res.json({ message: `Welcome to my Chat Application!` });
-});
-
-app.get("/messages", (req, res) => {
   let since = Number(req.query.since);
   let longPoll = req.query.longPoll === "true";
 
@@ -54,7 +50,7 @@ app.get("/messages", (req, res) => {
   res.json(messages);
 });
 
-app.post("/messages", (req, res) => {
+app.post("/", (req, res) => {
   const { message, user } = req.body;
 
   if (
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ app.post("/messages", (req, res) => {
   res.status(201).json({ success: true });
 });
 
-app.post("/messages/:id/like", (req, res) => {
+app.post("/:id/like", (req, res) => {
   const id = Number(req.params.id);
   const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
 
@@ -96,7 +92,7 @@ app.post("/messages/:id/like", (req, res) => {
   res.json(message);
 });
 
-app.post("/messages/:id/dislike", (req, res) => {
+app.post("/:id/dislike", (req, res) => {
   const id = Number(req.params.id);
   const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
 
diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/script.js b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
index bae02b34..b16bca9e 100644
--- a/chat-app/frontend/script.js
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ let messageEl = document.getElementById("message");
 let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
 let feedbackEl = document.getElementById("feedback");
 
-const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io/messages`;
-// const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000/messages";
+const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io`;
+// const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000";
 const state = { messages: [] };
 let pollingMode = "regular";
 let longPoll = false;

From b39395951706345c71b04c9c31d2ca0858a77aff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 13:36:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] fix: edit URL

---
 chat-app/frontend/script.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/script.js b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
index b16bca9e..77853749 100644
--- a/chat-app/frontend/script.js
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ let messageEl = document.getElementById("message");
 let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
 let feedbackEl = document.getElementById("feedback");
 
-const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-application-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io`;
+const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-app-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io`;
 // const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000";
 const state = { messages: [] };
 let pollingMode = "regular";

From 3627170df730d265d2a4247e929220cb1b6b2572 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 23:48:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] fix: Refactor code to adjust review suggestions

---
 chat-app/backend/index.js   |  93 +++++++++--------
 chat-app/frontend/script.js | 195 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 185 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
index d4294818..6439542f 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/index.js
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -1,55 +1,55 @@
 import express from "express";
 import cors from "cors";
 
-const app = express();
-app.use(cors());
-app.use(express.json());
-
 const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
+// Auto-increment IDS
 let nextMessageId = 1;
-const messages = [
-  {
-    id: nextMessageId++,
-    message: "Hello",
-    user: "Jane",
-    time: Date.now() - 6000,
-    likes: 1,
-    dislikes: 2,
-  },
-  {
-    id: nextMessageId++,
-    message: "Hey",
-    user: "John",
-    time: Date.now() - 3000,
-    likes: 1,
-    dislikes: 2,
-  },
-  {
-    id: nextMessageId++,
-    message: "Hi",
-    user: "Bob",
-    time: Date.now(),
-    likes: 1,
-    dislikes: 2,
-  },
-];
+// In-memory message store, shared by all clients
+const messages = [];
+// Stores pending longPoll requests waiting for new messages
 const callbacksForNewMessages = [];
 
+// App setup
+const app = express();
+app.use(cors());
+app.use(express.json());
+
+// Routes
+/**
+ * GET /
+ * Returns messages to client
+ *
+ * Query params:
+ * since - timestamps (ms). If provided, only messages newer than this are returned
+ * longPoll - If true and there are no new messages, holds the connection open
+ *            until there are new messages instead of returning empty array.
+ */
 app.get("/", (req, res) => {
   let since = Number(req.query.since);
   let longPoll = req.query.longPoll === "true";
 
   if (since) {
     const messagesToSend = messages.filter((msg) => msg.time > since);
+
+    // callback until a new message is posted
+    // No new messages and client wants long-polling - park the response
     if (messagesToSend.length === 0 && longPoll) {
       callbacksForNewMessages.push((val) => res.json(val));
       return;
-    } else res.json(messagesToSend);
+    }
+    res.json(messagesToSend);
     return;
   }
+  // No "since" param, return the full message history
   res.json(messages);
 });
 
+/**
+ * POST /
+ * Accepts a new message from a client.
+ * Trims whitespace from user and message before saving so that
+ * values like "  hello  " are stored as "hello".
+ */
 app.post("/", (req, res) => {
   const { message, user } = req.body;
 
@@ -73,37 +73,42 @@ app.post("/", (req, res) => {
   };
 
   messages.push(newMessage);
+
+  // Resolve all parked long-poll clients with new messages
   while (callbacksForNewMessages.length > 0) {
     const callback = callbacksForNewMessages.pop();
-    callback([messages[messages.length - 1]]);
+    callback([newMessage]);
   }
   res.status(201).json({ success: true });
 });
 
-app.post("/:id/like", (req, res) => {
+/**
+ * POST /:id/:reaction
+ * Increments the like or dislike count on a message.
+ * Returns the updated message object.
+ */
+app.post("/:id/:reaction", (req, res) => {
   const id = Number(req.params.id);
-  const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
+  const reaction = req.params.reaction;
 
+  const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
   if (!message) {
     res.status(404).json({ error: "Message not found" });
     return;
   }
-  message.likes++;
-  res.json(message);
-});
 
-app.post("/:id/dislike", (req, res) => {
-  const id = Number(req.params.id);
-  const message = messages.find((msg) => msg.id === id);
-
-  if (!message) {
-    res.status(404).json({ error: "Message not found" });
+  if (reaction === "like") {
+    message.likes++;
+  } else if (reaction === "dislike") {
+    message.dislikes++;
+  } else {
+    res.status(400).json({ error: "Invalid reaction!" });
     return;
   }
-  message.dislikes++;
   res.json(message);
 });
 
+// start the server
 app.listen(port, () => {
   console.log(`Chat server listening on port ${port}`);
 });
diff --git a/chat-app/frontend/script.js b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
index 77853749..fc9c2986 100644
--- a/chat-app/frontend/script.js
+++ b/chat-app/frontend/script.js
@@ -1,33 +1,73 @@
+// Accessing DOM elements
 let pollingForm = document.getElementById("polling-form");
 let formEl = document.getElementById("send-message");
 let userEl = document.getElementById("user");
 let messageEl = document.getElementById("message");
-let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
 let feedbackEl = document.getElementById("feedback");
+let displayBox = document.getElementById("display-message");
+let displayText = document.createElement("p");
+
+displayBox.appendChild(displayText);
 
 const serverURL = `https://janefrancessc-chat-app-backend.hosting.codeyourfuture.io`;
 // const serverURL = "http://127.0.0.1:3000";
+const feedbackDuration = 3000; //ms before feedback clears
+const pollingDuration = 2000; //ms between regular poll requests
+
+// client-side cache of messages received so far
 const state = { messages: [] };
+
 let pollingMode = "regular";
 let longPoll = false;
+
+// prevents overlapping fetch requests from stacking up
 let isFetching = false;
 
+// Tracks the pending setTimeout so it can be cancelled on mode switch
+let pollingTimeoutId = null;
+
+/**
+ * Displays temporarily feedback message to the user e.g. ("Message sent")
+ * then clears the message after "duration" ms.
+ */
+function showFeedback(message, duration = feedbackDuration) {
+  feedbackEl.textContent = message;
+
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    feedbackEl.textContent = "";
+  }, duration);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Switches between regular polling and long polling.
+ * Cancels any pending timeout and restarts the polling loop immediately.
+ */
 pollingForm.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
   e.preventDefault();
 
   pollingMode = e.target.value;
   longPoll = pollingMode === "long";
 
-  feedbackEl.innerHTML = `
-  <p>${longPoll ? "Using long polling!" : "Using regular polling!"}</p>
-  `;
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    feedbackEl.innerHTML = "";
-  }, 3000);
+  clearTimeout(pollingTimeoutId);
+  isFetching = false;
+  keepFetchingMessages();
+
+  showFeedback(longPoll ? "Using long polling!" : "Using regular polling!");
 });
 
+/**
+ * Continuously fetches new messages from the server.
+ *
+ * Regular polling: waits `pollingDuration` ms between each request.
+ * Long polling: sends a request that the server holds open until a new
+ * message arrives, then immediately sends the next request.
+ *
+ * The `since` query param tells the server to only return messages
+ * newer than the last one we already have, avoiding duplicates.
+ */
 async function keepFetchingMessages() {
   if (isFetching) return;
+
   isFetching = true;
 
   const lastMsgTime =
@@ -38,99 +78,140 @@ async function keepFetchingMessages() {
   const queryString = lastMsgTime
     ? `?since=${lastMsgTime}${longPoll ? "&longPoll=true" : ""}`
     : "";
+
   const url = `${serverURL}${queryString}`;
 
   try {
     const response = await fetch(url);
+
     if (!response.ok) {
       throw new Error(`Status: ${response.status}`);
     }
+
     const updatedMessages = await response.json();
 
     if (updatedMessages.length > 0) {
       state.messages.push(...updatedMessages);
-      displayMessages();
+      displayMessages(state.messages);
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error.message);
-    displayBox.innerHTML = `<p>Error: Server is down!</p>`;
+    displayText.textContent = `Error: Server is down!`;
   } finally {
     isFetching = false;
   }
+
+  // Schedule the next fetch. Long poll retries sooner since the server
+  // already held the connection open; a 500ms gap just avoids tight loops
+  // if the server is down.
   if (longPoll) {
-    keepFetchingMessages();
+    pollingTimeoutId = setTimeout(keepFetchingMessages, 500);
   } else {
-    setTimeout(keepFetchingMessages, 2000);
+    pollingTimeoutId = setTimeout(keepFetchingMessages, pollingDuration);
   }
 }
 
-async function likeMessage(msgId) {
+/**
+ * Sends a like or dislike reaction to the server for a given message,
+ * then updates only that message in local state and re-renders.
+ */
+async function reactToMessage(msgId, reaction) {
   try {
-    const response = await fetch(`${serverURL}/${msgId}/like`, {
+    const response = await fetch(`${serverURL}/${msgId}/${reaction}`, {
       method: "POST",
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>${await response.text()}</p>`;
+      showFeedback(await response.text());
       return;
     }
     const updatedMessage = await response.json();
 
-    state.messages = state.messages.map((msg) =>
-      msg.id === updatedMessage.id ? updatedMessage : msg,
+    // clear any error messages
+    displayText.remove();
+
+    // Find and update only the affected message rather than replacing the whole array
+    const existingMessage = state.messages.find(
+      (msg) => msg.id === updatedMessage.id,
     );
-    displayMessages();
+
+    if (existingMessage) {
+      existingMessage.likes = updatedMessage.likes;
+      existingMessage.dislikes = updatedMessage.dislikes;
+    }
+
+    displayMessages(state.messages);
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error.message);
   }
 }
 
-async function dislikeMessage(msgId) {
-  try {
-    const response = await fetch(`${serverURL}/${msgId}/dislike`, {
-      method: "POST",
-    });
+/**
+ * Builds a single message card as a DOM element.
+ * Using textContent so strings are never interpreted as HTML
+ */
+function buildMessageEl(msg) {
+  const wrapper = document.createElement("div");
 
-    if (!response.ok) {
-      feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>${await response.text()}</p>`;
-      return;
-    }
-    const updatedMessage = await response.json();
+  const p = document.createElement("p");
 
-    state.messages = state.messages.map((msg) =>
-      msg.id === updatedMessage.id ? updatedMessage : msg,
-    );
-    displayMessages();
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error(error.message);
-  }
+  const strong = document.createElement("strong");
+  strong.textContent = `${msg.user}: ${msg.message} `;
+
+  const small = document.createElement("small");
+  small.textContent = new Date(msg.time).toLocaleString();
+
+  p.appendChild(strong);
+  p.appendChild(small);
+
+  const likeBtn = document.createElement("button");
+  likeBtn.dataset.id = msg.id;
+  likeBtn.dataset.reaction = "like";
+  likeBtn.textContent = `${msg.likes} 👍`;
+
+  const dislikeBtn = document.createElement("button");
+  dislikeBtn.dataset.id = msg.id;
+  dislikeBtn.dataset.reaction = "dislike";
+  dislikeBtn.textContent = `${msg.dislikes} 👎`;
+
+  wrapper.appendChild(p);
+  wrapper.appendChild(likeBtn);
+  wrapper.appendChild(dislikeBtn);
+
+  return wrapper;
 }
 
-function displayMessages() {
-  displayBox.innerHTML = state.messages
-    .map(
-      (msg) =>
-        `<div>
-            <p>
-                <strong>${msg.user}: ${msg.message} </strong>
-                <small>${new Date(msg.time).toLocaleString()}</small>
-            </p>
-            <button onclick="likeMessage(${msg.id})">${msg.likes} 👍 </button>
-            <button onclick="dislikeMessage(${msg.id})">${msg.dislikes} 👎 </button>
-            </div>
-        `,
-    )
-    .join("");
+/**
+ * Replaces the entire message list in the DOM with the latest state.
+ * replaceChildren avoids stale nodes.
+ */
+function displayMessages(messages) {
+  displayBox.replaceChildren(...messages.map(buildMessageEl));
 }
 
+// Add event listener to the displayBox to listen for likes/dislikes
+displayBox.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+  const btn = e.target.closest("button[data-reaction]");
+  if (!btn) return;
+
+  const msgId = Number(btn.dataset.id);
+  const reaction = btn.dataset.reaction;
+  reactToMessage(msgId, reaction);
+});
+
+/**
+ * Handles the send-message form submission.
+ * Trims input on the client side for UX (empty-check), but the server
+ * also validates and trims before saving.
+ */
 async function handleSubmit(event) {
   event.preventDefault();
 
-  let message = messageEl.value;
-  let user = userEl.value;
+  let message = messageEl.value.trim();
+  let user = userEl.value.trim();
 
   if (!message || !user) {
-    feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>Field cannot be empty!</p>`;
+    showFeedback(`Field cannot be empty!`);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -144,21 +225,17 @@ async function handleSubmit(event) {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>${await response.text()}</p>`;
+      showFeedback(await response.text());
       return;
     }
 
-    feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>Message sent!</p>`;
-
-    setTimeout(() => {
-      feedbackEl.innerHTML = "";
-    }, 3000);
+    showFeedback(`Message sent!`);
 
     // userEl.value = ""; //Clear user for same browser, but diff browsers for users ? leave the username foreach user's browser
     messageEl.value = "";
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(error.message);
-    feedbackEl.innerHTML = `<p>Something went wrong.</p>`;
+    showFeedback(`Something went wrong.`);
   }
 }
 

From 82ee92758fcd40a320c952c7d70c440ff5dfe01d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JanefrancessC <janefrancesschioma@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 23:56:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] fix: Trim client input on the server-side

---
 chat-app/backend/index.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chat-app/backend/index.js b/chat-app/backend/index.js
index 6439542f..62da37f2 100644
--- a/chat-app/backend/index.js
+++ b/chat-app/backend/index.js
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ app.post("/", (req, res) => {
 
   const newMessage = {
     id: nextMessageId++,
-    message,
-    user,
+    message: message.trim(),
+    user: user.trim(),
     time: Date.now(),
     likes: 0,
     dislikes: 0,