diff --git a/PR_DESCRIPTION_SOROBAN_BILLING_DASHBOARD.md b/PR_DESCRIPTION_SOROBAN_BILLING_DASHBOARD.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fcee6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PR_DESCRIPTION_SOROBAN_BILLING_DASHBOARD.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# PR: Grafana Dashboard for Soroban Billing Observability
+
+## Summary
+
+Adds a committed Grafana dashboard JSON (`docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json`) so on-call engineers can see Soroban billing deduction latency (P50/P95), error category breakdown, and call rate out of the box — no manual panel creation required.
+
+## Changes
+
+### New files
+- `docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json` — Grafana 11.5.2 dashboard with three rows: Deduction Latency, Error Category Breakdown, Call Rate & Throughput
+- `docs/dashboards/README.md` — Documents metric names, provenance, error category → HTTP status mapping, bucket boundaries, SLO thresholds, and import instructions
+
+### Modified files
+- `README.md` — Observability section now links to both dashboards under `docs/dashboards/`
+
+## Dashboard panels
+
+| Row | Panels |
+|-----|--------|
+| Deduction Latency | P50/P95 line chart, P50 stat, P95 stat, bucket distribution bars |
+| Error Category Breakdown | Rate by HTTP status (proxy for `SorobanRpcErrorCategory`), total error bar chart |
+| Call Rate & Throughput | Total call rate, success rate gauge |
+
+## Metric provenance
+
+| Metric | Source file |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `billing_deduct_duration_seconds` | `src/metrics/registry.ts` — recorded by `billingDeductHistogramMiddleware` |
+| `http_requests_total` | `src/metrics.ts` — recorded by `metricsMiddleware` |
+
+Labels used: `route="/api/billing/deduct"`, `status_code` (maps to `SorobanRpcErrorCategory`).
+
+## Validation
+
+The JSON can be validated with:
+```bash
+# Parse check
+node -e "JSON.parse(require('fs').readFileSync('docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json','utf8')); console.log('valid')"
+```
+
+## Security
+
+- No private data baked in (no hardcoded IPs, tokens, or secrets)
+- Datasource UID is a `$datasource` template variable — resolves at import time
+- Grafana version pinned to `11.5.2` in `__requires`
+
+closes #415
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cb4de9a..3e34b51 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -155,7 +155,12 @@ When refreshing it:
 
 Run `npm run lint`, `npm run typecheck`, and `npm test` after editing the fixture.
 
-### Observability (Prometheus Metrics)
+### Observability (Prometheus Metrics & Dashboards)
+
+Grafana dashboards are committed under [`docs/dashboards/`](./docs/dashboards/README.md):
+
+- **[Soroban Billing](./docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json)** — P50/P95 deduction latency, error category breakdown by `SorobanRpcErrorCategory`, and call rate panels. Import via Grafana → Dashboards → Import.
+- **[Billing Deduct HTTP Latency](./docs/grafana-dashboard-billing-deduct.json)** — HTTP-level latency percentiles for `POST /api/billing/deduct`.
 
 The application exposes a standard Prometheus text-format metrics endpoint at `GET /api/metrics`.
 It automatically tracks:
diff --git a/docs/dashboards/README.md b/docs/dashboards/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df65f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dashboards/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Grafana Dashboards
+
+This directory contains committed Grafana dashboard JSON files for the Callora backend.
+Import them via **Dashboards → Import → Upload JSON file** in your Grafana instance.
+
+---
+
+## `soroban-billing.json` — Soroban Billing Observability
+
+**UID:** `callora-soroban-billing`  
+**Grafana version:** 11.5.2  
+**Datasource:** Prometheus (variable `$datasource`, type `prometheus`)
+
+### Rows and panels
+
+| Row | Panel | Description |
+|-----|-------|-------------|
+| Deduction Latency | P50 / P95 line chart | `billing_deduct_duration_seconds` histogram quantiles over time |
+| Deduction Latency | P50 stat (current) | Instant P50 deduct latency |
+| Deduction Latency | P95 stat (current) | Instant P95 deduct latency |
+| Deduction Latency | Bucket distribution | Per-bucket rate bars for full latency shape |
+| Error Category Breakdown | Rate by status code | Maps HTTP status → `SorobanRpcErrorCategory` |
+| Error Category Breakdown | Total errors bar chart | Aggregate error count by category over selected range |
+| Call Rate & Throughput | Deduct call rate | Total `POST /api/billing/deduct` requests/s |
+| Call Rate & Throughput | Success rate | 200 / total; drops signal billing failures |
+
+### Metric names and provenance
+
+| Metric | Type | Registered in | Labels |
+|--------|------|---------------|--------|
+| `billing_deduct_duration_seconds` | Histogram | `src/metrics/registry.ts` | `route`, `status_code` |
+| `billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket` | (auto) | `src/metrics/registry.ts` | `route`, `status_code`, `le` |
+| `http_requests_total` | Counter | `src/metrics.ts` | `method`, `route`, `status_code`, `route_group` |
+| `http_request_duration_seconds` | Histogram | `src/metrics.ts` | `method`, `route`, `status_code`, `route_group` |
+
+All metrics are exposed at `GET /api/metrics` (Prometheus text format).  
+In production the endpoint requires `Authorization: Bearer $METRICS_API_KEY`.
+
+### Error category → HTTP status mapping
+
+The `SorobanRpcErrorCategory` enum (defined in `src/services/sorobanBilling.ts`) maps to
+HTTP status codes in `src/routes/billing.ts`:
+
+| `SorobanRpcErrorCategory` | HTTP status | Panel colour |
+|---------------------------|-------------|--------------|
+| *(success)* | 200 | green |
+| `INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE` | 402 | yellow |
+| `CONTRACT_ERROR` | 502 | red |
+| `NETWORK_ERROR` | 502 | red |
+| `TIMEOUT` | 504 | orange |
+| `SIMULATION_FAILED` (diagnostics) | 502 | red |
+
+Because the histogram middleware and counter both record `status_code` as a label,
+the dashboard slices errors by category without requiring a dedicated per-category counter.
+
+### Bucket boundaries
+
+`billing_deduct_duration_seconds` uses these buckets (seconds):
+
+```
+0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10
+```
+
+The SLO thresholds on the latency panels are:
+- **green** → < 500 ms
+- **yellow** → 500 ms – 2 s
+- **red** → > 2 s
+
+### Datasource variable
+
+The dashboard uses a `$datasource` template variable of type `datasource` (Prometheus).
+On import, Grafana will prompt you to select your Prometheus datasource. No UID is hardcoded —
+the variable resolves at runtime so the dashboard works across environments.
+
+### Import instructions
+
+1. Open Grafana → **Dashboards → Import**
+2. Click **Upload JSON file** and select `docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json`
+3. Select your Prometheus datasource when prompted
+4. Click **Import**
+
+To provision automatically, copy the JSON to your Grafana provisioning
+`dashboards/` directory and add a provider config pointing at that folder.
+
+---
+
+## `../grafana-dashboard-billing-deduct.json` — Billing Deduct HTTP Latency
+
+Legacy dashboard focused on HTTP-level deduct latency percentiles.
+See `docs/grafana-dashboard-billing-deduct.json` for details.
diff --git a/docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json b/docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae8df7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dashboards/soroban-billing.json
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+{
+  "__inputs": [],
+  "__elements": {},
+  "__requires": [
+    {
+      "type": "grafana",
+      "id": "grafana",
+      "name": "Grafana",
+      "version": "11.5.2"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "id": "prometheus",
+      "name": "Prometheus",
+      "version": "2.x"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "panel",
+      "id": "timeseries",
+      "name": "Time series",
+      "version": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "panel",
+      "id": "stat",
+      "name": "Stat",
+      "version": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "panel",
+      "id": "barchart",
+      "name": "Bar chart",
+      "version": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "annotations": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "builtIn": 1,
+        "datasource": { "type": "grafana", "uid": "-- Grafana --" },
+        "enable": true,
+        "hide": true,
+        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
+        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
+        "type": "dashboard"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "description": "Soroban billing deduction latency, error category breakdown, and call rate. Metric source: billing_deduct_duration_seconds (histogram) from src/metrics/registry.ts and http_request_duration_seconds / http_requests_total from src/metrics.ts.",
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 1,
+  "id": null,
+  "links": [],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "collapsed": false,
+      "gridPos": { "h": 1, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 0 },
+      "id": 10,
+      "title": "Deduction Latency",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "P50 and P95 latency of POST /api/billing/deduct calls, measured by the billingDeductHistogramMiddleware. Metric: billing_deduct_duration_seconds.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "palette-classic" },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisCenteredZero": false,
+            "axisLabel": "Latency (s)",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": { "graph": false, "legend": false, "tooltip": false },
+            "lineInterpolation": "smooth",
+            "lineWidth": 2,
+            "pointSize": 3,
+            "scaleDistribution": { "type": "linear" },
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": true,
+            "stacking": { "group": "A", "mode": "none" },
+            "thresholdsStyle": { "mode": "line+area" }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              { "color": "green", "value": null },
+              { "color": "yellow", "value": 0.5 },
+              { "color": "red", "value": 2 }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byName", "options": "P95" },
+            "properties": [
+              { "id": "color", "value": { "fixedColor": "orange", "mode": "fixed" } }
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byName", "options": "P50" },
+            "properties": [
+              { "id": "color", "value": { "fixedColor": "green", "mode": "fixed" } }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 1 },
+      "id": 1,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": ["mean", "lastNotNull", "max"],
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": { "hideZeros": false, "mode": "multi", "sort": "desc" }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.50, sum by (le) (rate(billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+          "legendFormat": "P50",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by (le) (rate(billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+          "legendFormat": "P95",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Deduct Latency — P50 / P95",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Current P50 and P95 deduction latency as instant stat values. Source: billing_deduct_duration_seconds.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "thresholds" },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              { "color": "green", "value": null },
+              { "color": "yellow", "value": 0.5 },
+              { "color": "red", "value": 2 }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 12, "y": 1 },
+      "id": 2,
+      "options": {
+        "colorMode": "background",
+        "graphMode": "none",
+        "justifyMode": "center",
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "reduceOptions": { "calcs": ["lastNotNull"], "fields": "", "values": false },
+        "textMode": "auto"
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.50, sum by (le) (rate(billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+          "instant": true,
+          "legendFormat": "P50",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "P50 Deduct Latency (current)",
+      "type": "stat"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Current P95 deduction latency. Source: billing_deduct_duration_seconds.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "thresholds" },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              { "color": "green", "value": null },
+              { "color": "yellow", "value": 0.5 },
+              { "color": "red", "value": 2 }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 18, "y": 1 },
+      "id": 3,
+      "options": {
+        "colorMode": "background",
+        "graphMode": "none",
+        "justifyMode": "center",
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "reduceOptions": { "calcs": ["lastNotNull"], "fields": "", "values": false },
+        "textMode": "auto"
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by (le) (rate(billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+          "instant": true,
+          "legendFormat": "P95",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "P95 Deduct Latency (current)",
+      "type": "stat"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Full latency distribution heatmap across all buckets. Source: billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "palette-classic" },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "drawStyle": "bars",
+            "fillOpacity": 80,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": { "graph": false, "legend": false, "tooltip": false },
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "scaleDistribution": { "type": "linear" },
+            "thresholdsStyle": { "mode": "off" }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{ "color": "green", "value": null }]
+          },
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 4, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 5 },
+      "id": 4,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": { "calcs": [], "displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom", "showLegend": true },
+        "tooltip": { "hideZeros": false, "mode": "multi", "sort": "none" }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "rate(billing_deduct_duration_seconds_bucket{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+          "legendFormat": "le={{le}}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Deduct Duration — Bucket Distribution",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "collapsed": false,
+      "gridPos": { "h": 1, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 9 },
+      "id": 11,
+      "title": "Error Category Breakdown",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Rate of deduct calls by HTTP status code, which maps directly to SorobanRpcErrorCategory: 200=success, 402=INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE, 502=CONTRACT_ERROR/NETWORK_ERROR/SIMULATION_FAILED, 504=TIMEOUT. Source: http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "palette-classic" },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisLabel": "req/s",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 20,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": { "graph": false, "legend": false, "tooltip": false },
+            "lineInterpolation": "smooth",
+            "lineWidth": 2,
+            "pointSize": 3,
+            "scaleDistribution": { "type": "linear" },
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": true,
+            "stacking": { "group": "A", "mode": "none" },
+            "thresholdsStyle": { "mode": "off" }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{ "color": "green", "value": null }]
+          },
+          "unit": "reqps"
+        },
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byRegexp", "options": ".*2[0-9]{2}.*" },
+            "properties": [{ "id": "color", "value": { "fixedColor": "green", "mode": "fixed" } }]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byRegexp", "options": ".*402.*" },
+            "properties": [{ "id": "color", "value": { "fixedColor": "yellow", "mode": "fixed" } }]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byRegexp", "options": ".*50[2-9].*" },
+            "properties": [{ "id": "color", "value": { "fixedColor": "red", "mode": "fixed" } }]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": { "id": "byRegexp", "options": ".*504.*" },
+            "properties": [{ "id": "color", "value": { "fixedColor": "orange", "mode": "fixed" } }]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 10 },
+      "id": 5,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": ["sum", "lastNotNull"],
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": { "hideZeros": false, "mode": "multi", "sort": "desc" }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum by (status_code) (rate(http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
+          "legendFormat": "HTTP {{status_code}}",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Deduct Request Rate by Status Code (Error Category Proxy)",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Total error count by HTTP status over selected time range. 402=INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE, 502=CONTRACT_ERROR or NETWORK_ERROR, 504=TIMEOUT. Source: http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "thresholds" },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "fillOpacity": 80,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": { "graph": false, "legend": false, "tooltip": false },
+            "lineWidth": 0
+          },
+          "mappings": [
+            { "options": { "200": { "color": "green", "index": 0, "text": "Success (200)" } }, "type": "value" },
+            { "options": { "402": { "color": "yellow", "index": 1, "text": "INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE (402)" } }, "type": "value" },
+            { "options": { "502": { "color": "red", "index": 2, "text": "CONTRACT/NETWORK ERROR (502)" } }, "type": "value" },
+            { "options": { "504": { "color": "orange", "index": 3, "text": "TIMEOUT (504)" } }, "type": "value" }
+          ],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{ "color": "green", "value": null }]
+          },
+          "unit": "short"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 10 },
+      "id": 6,
+      "options": {
+        "barRadius": 0.05,
+        "barWidth": 0.7,
+        "fullHighlight": false,
+        "groupWidth": 0.7,
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": [],
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "orientation": "auto",
+        "showValue": "auto",
+        "stacking": "none",
+        "tooltip": { "hideZeros": false, "mode": "single", "sort": "none" },
+        "xTickLabelRotation": 0,
+        "xTickLabelSpacing": 200
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum by (status_code) (increase(http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__range]))",
+          "instant": true,
+          "legendFormat": "{{status_code}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Total Deduct Errors by Category (selected range)",
+      "type": "barchart"
+    },
+    {
+      "collapsed": false,
+      "gridPos": { "h": 1, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 18 },
+      "id": 12,
+      "title": "Call Rate & Throughput",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Overall deduct call rate (all status codes). Source: http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "palette-classic" },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisLabel": "req/s",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 15,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": { "graph": false, "legend": false, "tooltip": false },
+            "lineInterpolation": "smooth",
+            "lineWidth": 2,
+            "pointSize": 3,
+            "scaleDistribution": { "type": "linear" },
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": true,
+            "stacking": { "group": "A", "mode": "none" },
+            "thresholdsStyle": { "mode": "off" }
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{ "color": "green", "value": null }]
+          },
+          "unit": "reqps"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 19 },
+      "id": 7,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": ["mean", "max", "lastNotNull"],
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": { "hideZeros": false, "mode": "multi", "sort": "desc" }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
+          "legendFormat": "Deduct call rate",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Deduct Call Rate (all outcomes)",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+      "description": "Success rate of deduct calls. Values approaching 1.0 = healthy. Drops indicate INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE, contract errors, or RPC timeouts. Source: http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}.",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": { "mode": "thresholds" },
+          "custom": {
+            "axisBorderShow": false,
+            "axisLabel": "",
+            "axisPlacement": "auto",
+            "drawStyle": "line",
+            "fillOpacity": 20,
+            "gradientMode": "none",
+            "hideFrom": { "graph": false, "legend": false, "tooltip": false },
+            "lineInterpolation": "smooth",
+            "lineWidth": 2,
+            "pointSize": 3,
+            "scaleDistribution": { "type": "linear" },
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": true,
+            "stacking": { "group": "A", "mode": "none" },
+            "thresholdsStyle": { "mode": "line+area" }
+          },
+          "max": 1,
+          "min": 0,
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              { "color": "red", "value": null },
+              { "color": "yellow", "value": 0.9 },
+              { "color": "green", "value": 0.99 }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "percentunit"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 19 },
+      "id": 8,
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "calcs": ["mean", "lastNotNull"],
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "showLegend": true
+        },
+        "tooltip": { "hideZeros": false, "mode": "single", "sort": "none" }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": { "type": "prometheus", "uid": "$datasource" },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\",status_code=\"200\"}[$__rate_interval])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total{route=\"/api/billing/deduct\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
+          "legendFormat": "Success rate",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Deduct Success Rate",
+      "type": "timeseries"
+    }
+  ],
+  "preload": false,
+  "refresh": "30s",
+  "schemaVersion": 41,
+  "tags": ["callora", "soroban", "billing", "deduct", "latency", "errors"],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": { "selected": false, "text": "default", "value": "default" },
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "Datasource",
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "datasource",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "prometheus",
+        "queryValue": "",
+        "refresh": 1,
+        "regex": "",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "type": "datasource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": { "from": "now-6h", "to": "now" },
+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "title": "Callora / Soroban Billing",
+  "uid": "callora-soroban-billing",
+  "version": 1,
+  "weekStart": ""
+}